CN103053347A - Winter greenhouse grafting method for English hawthorn 'Scarlet' planted in Beijing area - Google Patents
Winter greenhouse grafting method for English hawthorn 'Scarlet' planted in Beijing area Download PDFInfo
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- CN103053347A CN103053347A CN2013100336304A CN201310033630A CN103053347A CN 103053347 A CN103053347 A CN 103053347A CN 2013100336304 A CN2013100336304 A CN 2013100336304A CN 201310033630 A CN201310033630 A CN 201310033630A CN 103053347 A CN103053347 A CN 103053347A
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Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
Abstract
The invention discloses a winter greenhouse grafting method for English hawthorn 'Scarlet' planted in Beijing area. A wild hawthorn (C.pinatifida) is selected as a rootstock and the English hawthorn 'Scarlet' is selected as a scion. The winter greenhouse grafting method includes putting the rootstock in a pot and transplanting; waking the rootstock and the scion; cutting inside and connecting in greenhouse;and managing cleft and grafted seedlings. By the winter greenhouse grafting method, the survival rates of the English hawthorn 'Scarlet' are 96.1% and 98% respectively. After a winter growth, the sprout of the grafted seedlings reaches an average length of 70cm and a thickness of 4 mm. By greenhouse grafting, the winter pruned branches of the English hawthorn 'Scarlet' are fully utilized, the grafted period is increased and the growth time of the grafted seedlings is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology of a kind of scarlet whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting.
Background technology
' scarlet ' whitethorn is rose family May magaphanerophytes, and flower polyphyll pink has higher ornamental plantation and is worth, and is introduced a fine variety to Beijing from Paris, FRA by 948 problems of State Administration of Forestry's project verification in 2003.Introduction Observation for many years shows that ' scarlet ' whitethorn can adapt to the climatic environment of Beijing area substantially, adopts suitable cultivation technique measure, and its well-grown has application value.Therefore, it is significant to accelerate its reproduction speed.
May is mainly expanded numerous mode sowing, cuttage, group training, grafting etc., but the thicker sprouting of its pericarp needs husky Tibetan one summer of two winters, and germination rate is low, it is irregular to germinate, it is few to emerge, the breeding difficulty of growing directly from seeds; The cottage propagation rooting rate is low, the cuttage seeding root growth is slow; Serious, the difficulty of taking root of brownization in the tissue culture procedures, transplanting survival rate is lower; And graft survival rate is high, and seedling speed is fast, expands numerous mode for it is best.
How out of doors plant graft breeding is mainly carried out in spring, autumn growth in season, but the grafting time limit is shorter, and grafting operation, is subject to the restriction of the factors such as weather, environment, nursery stock, affects as being subjected to bleeding spring, easily endures cold winter, and survival rate is not high.And grafting in the greenhouse in winter can effectively be controlled bleeding and callus and generate required environmental condition, and the Effective Raise graft survival rate has increased the fertile time.
Since the eighties in 20th century, grafting in winter technology only limits to the minority seeds such as walnut, cherry, pears, apple, Lee, mulberry, jujube, persimmon.After naked of the front stock of its grafting trips out, often heel in, the husky Tibetan or the cellar storage, whether the dormancy of rootstock seedling is finished to have no and is mentioned, and the insufficient meeting of rootstock seedling dormancy causes stock to waken or grafting sprouts irregular; There is repeatedly lifting in the grafting process, heels in operation and easily hinder root; Stock waken, sprout and graft early growth process in root system to the demand of temperature, moisture, nutrient etc., can't well be satisfied by the means such as heeling in.Rarely seen one piece of hawthorn grafting in winter, its grafting method only cleft grafting is a kind of; After the grafting healing, namely heel in indoorly, promotion shoot Fast Growth is failed to take full advantage of after the grafting healing before the next spring field planting during this period of time in naturally cooling.Easily take out the tip at the beginning of ' scarlet ' whitethorn Beijing area last month of spring in winter, the characteristics that need prune early winter in the cultivation take full advantage of the winter pruning branch and breed very necessary.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of ' scarlet ' whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method.
' scarlet ' provided by the invention whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method may further comprise the steps:
1) basin and transplanting on the stock: in the winter time soil freeze-up before, the Wild Hawthorn bareroot seedling of open country dormancy shape is tripped out, adopt the plantation of soilless substrate container; Rootstock seedling is fully finished dormancy through the open country natural low temperature, moves into the greenhouse of heating;
2) stock and scion waken: after moving into the greenhouse of heating, the rootstock seedling top tip is cut off, stay the trunk of 40-60cm, greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 30 ℃ daytime, and night, temperature kept more than 10 ℃, wakened and processed 15-25 days breaking dormancies; Before the grafting, directly gather the current-year branch of dormancy of ' scarlet ' whitethorn from cutting orchard, pile things on is that 25 ~ 26 ℃, humidity are in 50 ~ 60% the wet saw end in temperature, wakens and processes 3 days;
3) grafting: during grafting, the rootstock seedling trunk is carried out cutting back, stay long 10cm; Scion is cut into the segment of 5cm, 2-3 bud of every section band, and the mouth of sealing with wax is dipped at two ends, and side grafting is cut in employing, two kinds of stem grafting methods of cleft grafting carry out grafting, and graft is wrapped up with plastic strip.
In a specific embodiments of the present invention, described grafting method also can be included in the whole process of growth of grafting, in time removes the sprout tillers on the stock, to environment regulate and control, the extermination of disease and insect pest and grafting transplant.
Wherein, described stock is biennial Wild Hawthorn seedling, and leading thread is greater than 1cm.
Wherein, described soilless growing container is 26 * 21cm nutritive cube, and matrix is preferably the peat composed of rotten mosses of volume ratio 3:1:1:1: perlite: garden mould: chicken manure.
Wherein, 0～54 day grafting joint portion healing stage after the grafting, 12～29 ℃ of greenhouse temperature controls, humidity is 45～97%, 18 days generation callus, scion begins to sprout; 54～108 days the shoot Fast Growth stage after the grafting, 10 ℃ of greenhouse control minimum temperatures, 30 ℃ of maximum temperatures promote the shoot Fast Growth, concentration of grafting per two all foliage-sprays is 0.5% composite fertilizer.
Wherein, the N-P-K content of described composite fertilizer is respectively 30%-10%-10%.
In another embodiment of the invention, when outdoor minimum temperature reached more than 10 ℃, it was 50% cool canopy that grafting is moved to shading rate in the outdoor cool canopy, tempers a week, and field planting is to ground, garden.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts biennial Wild Hawthorn as stock, and ' scarlet ' whitethorn is cut side grafting, cleft grafting in the greenhouse in the winter time, and survival rate reaches respectively 96.1%, 98%, all is not less than the survival rate of cutting side grafting and cleft grafting in growth season.Through the growth in a winter, grafting germinating young sprout average length can reach 70cm, and rugosity reaches 4mm, grafting can be transplanted to outdoor cropping at the beginning of 4 months next years.The present invention is fully used ' scarlet ' whitethorn winter pruning branch, but has increased grafting period, and has prolonged the growth time of grafting, has realized quick, amount reproduction.
1, the present invention proposes in the winter time soil freeze-up before, with basin on the rootstock seedling, enter the greenhouse after 1 month, not only solved the freeze-up lifting difficult problem that brings of soil, prevented that effectively stock is because of the root dehydration that causes stored for a long time, and make rootstock seedling continue fully to finish dormancy at open country, guaranteed the regularity that grafting sprouts.In the grafting process, avoid repeatedly getting seedling, heeling in operation, reduce and hinder root.
2, the present invention proposes a kind of soilless culture substrate that is fit to ' scarlet ' whitethorn, can satisfy well rootstock seedling waken, sprout and grafting after in the graft process of growth to the demand of root system temperature and moisture, nutrient.
3, the present invention has increased a kind of method that is suitable for the hawthorn grafting, and has improved the survival rate of existing grafting.
4, the present invention proposes the environment conditioning method that is suitable for the healing of hawthorn greenhouse grafting and shoot Fast Growth, take full advantage of after the grafting healing before the next spring field planting during this period of time, promote the grafting Fast Growth, prolonged the grafting growth time.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Adopt biennial Wild Hawthorn seedling as stock, the stock leading thread is greater than 1cm; The healthy full current-year branch of ' scarlet ' whitethorn is chosen in scion.
In by the end of October, 2011, enters dormancy behind the Beijing area rootstock seedling fallen leaves.
In mid-November, 2011, Soils in Beijing Area is not yet freeze-up, and open country trips out the Wild Hawthorn bareroot seedling of dormancy shape, adopts the plantation of soilless substrate container, and container is the nutritive cube of 26 * 21cm, and the matrix volume constituents is 3 peats composed of rotten mosses: 1 perlite: 1 garden mould: 1 chicken manure.Behind the upper basin, still place outdoorly, fully finish dormancy under the natural conditions.
On December 01st, 2011, rootstock seedling moves into the greenhouse, and the rootstock seedling top tip is cut off, and stays the trunk about 50cm.After moving into the greenhouse, heat and waken.In 30 ℃ of the day temperatures, nocturnal temperature is not less than 10 ℃.After 20 days, the dormancy of Wild Hawthorn seedling is broken, and branch returns green, and bud is sprouted, and from skin, carries out the grafting work of Wild Hawthorn seedling.
16～17 November in 2011 directly gathered the healthy full current-year branch of dormancy from cutting orchard, be that 25～26 ℃, humidity are landfill in 50～60% the wet saw end in temperature, wakened processing 3 days; After wakening processing, be cut into the segment of 5cm, be with 2～3 buds for every section, the mouth of sealing with wax is dipped at two ends.Specifically dip in the wax method: with heating paraffin to 70～75 ℃, two of scion bar is successively dipped in rapidly, make the surface of whole piece scion bar all enclose equably the wax liquid of thin layer in wax liquid.The scionwood of sealing with wax that then will cool off is fully collected for subsequent use.
20～22 December in 2011, side grafting is cut in employing, two kinds of stem grafting methods of cleft grafting carry out grafting, during grafting the rootstock seedling trunk are carried out cutting back, stay long 10cm, and all grafts are wrapped up with the plastic strip of wide 2.5cm.To follow the principle of " it is bright that scion is wanted, and bevel will be put down, and it is accurate that docking is wanted, and the jail is wanted in colligation, and it is fast that speed is wanted " in the grafting.
December 23～2012 in 2011 years 01 month 14 days are the graft union healing stage, and greenhouse temperature is 12～29 ℃ during this period, and humidity is 45～97%, and there is the plastic strip parcel joint portion, and humidity can reach 100%.
2012 01 month 15 days～03 month 08 day, be the shoot Fast Growth stage, during grafting blade face per two all foliar spraies to execute concentration be composite fertilizer's (N-P-K content is respectively 30%-10%-10%) of 0.5%.Grafting water and the follow principle of " see dried see wet ".All graftings all are placed in the place of illumination abundance.Noon, illumination was strong, opened the greenhouse external sunshade and kept greenhouse ventilation when greenhouse temperature surpasses 30 ℃.The grafting Seedling Stage suffers spraying 3000 times of sumicidins before the aphid damage.
At the beginning of 2012 04 month, along with the rise of outside air temperature, greenhouse temperature also raises gradually, and humidity descends, and greenhouse no longer is fit to the grafting growth.It is in 50% cool canopy that grafting is moved to outdoor shading rate, tempers rear field planting of a week to ground, garden.
In the whole process of growth of grafting, note in time removing the sprout tillers on the stock, avoid affecting healing and the growth of grafting.
Adopt above ' scarlet ' whitethorn winter greenhouse graft technology, graft survival rate reaches respectively 96.1%, 98%, all is not less than the survival rate of cutting side grafting and cleft grafting in growth season.The present invention in the winter time soil freeze-up before, carry out basin on the stock, move into the greenhouse grafting, by environmental control of greenhouse grafting direct growth, through a winter, grafting germinating young sprout average length can reach 70cm, and rugosity reaches 4mm, grafting can be transplanted to outdoor cropping at the beginning of 4 months next years, prolonged the growth time of grafting.Under the natural conditions, Beijing area ' scarlet ' whitethorn can carry out the open country grafting at the beginning of 4 months spring, and the present invention can carry out the greenhouse grafting December 20, made ' scarlet ' whitethorn grafting time 131 days in advance, but had increased repoductive time.In addition, the present invention takes full advantage of the scion of winter pruning branch, realizes expanding fast, in a large number numerous.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. ' scarlet ' whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method may further comprise the steps:
1) basin and transplanting on the stock: in the winter time soil freeze-up before, the Wild Hawthorn bareroot seedling of open country dormancy shape is tripped out, adopt the plantation of soilless substrate container; Rootstock seedling is fully finished dormancy through the open country natural low temperature, moves into the greenhouse of heating;
2) stock and scion waken: after moving into the greenhouse of heating, the rootstock seedling top tip is cut off, stay the trunk of 40-60cm, greenhouse temperature is controlled at below 30 ℃ daytime, and night, temperature kept more than 10 ℃, wakened and processed 15-25 days breaking dormancies; Before the grafting, directly gather the current-year branch of dormancy of ' scarlet ' whitethorn from cutting orchard, pile things on is that 25 ~ 26 ℃, humidity are in 50 ~ 60% the wet saw end in temperature, wakens and processes 3 days;
3) grafting: during grafting, the rootstock seedling trunk is carried out cutting back, stay long 10cm; Scion is cut into the segment of 5cm, 2-3 bud of every section band, and the mouth of sealing with wax is dipped at two ends, and side grafting is cut in employing, two kinds of stem grafting methods of cleft grafting carry out grafting, and graft is wrapped up with plastic strip.
2. ' scarlet ' according to claim 1 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method, it is characterized in that, also be included in the whole process of growth of grafting, in time remove the sprout tillers on the stock, to environment regulate and control, the extermination of disease and insect pest and grafting transplant.
3. ' scarlet ' according to claim 1 and 2 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method is characterized in that described stock is biennial Wild Hawthorn seedling, and leading thread is greater than 1cm.
4. ' scarlet ' according to claim 1 and 2 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method, it is characterized in that, described upper basin container is 26 * 21cm nutritive cube, and soilless culture substrate is the peat composed of rotten mosses of volume ratio 3:1:1:1: perlite: garden mould: chicken manure.
5. ' scarlet ' according to claim 1 and 2 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method is characterized in that, 0～54 day grafting joint portion healing stage is controlled at 12～29 ℃ with greenhouse temperature after the grafting, and humidity is 45～97%; 54～108 days the shoot Fast Growth stage after the grafting, 10 ℃ of greenhouse control minimum temperatures, 30 ℃ of maximum temperatures, concentration of grafting per two all foliage-sprays are 0.5% composite fertilizer.
6. ' scarlet ' according to claim 5 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method is characterized in that the N-P-K content of described composite fertilizer is respectively 30%-10%-10%.
7. ' scarlet ' according to claim 2 whitethorn Beijing area winter greenhouse grafting method, it is characterized in that when outdoor minimum temperature reached more than 10 ℃, it was 50% cool canopy that grafting is moved to shading rate in the outdoor cool canopy, temper a week, field planting is to ground, garden.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104885859A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-09 | 黄达龙 | Hawthorn tree seedling method |
| CN107124984A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-05 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of potted hawthorn trees |
| CN115380753A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Seedling growing method for improving quality of dwarfing self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104885859A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-09 | 黄达龙 | Hawthorn tree seedling method |
| CN104885859B (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-04-03 | 黄达龙 | The method for culturing seedlings of thornbuss |
| CN107124984A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-05 | 蚌埠市金牛湾农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of potted hawthorn trees |
| CN115380753A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Seedling growing method for improving quality of dwarfing self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas |
| CN115380753B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2023-05-30 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Seedling raising method for improving quality of dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedlings in high-altitude areas |
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| CN103053347B (en) | 2014-09-10 |
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