CN105532242B - A kind of promotion phoenix pellet seedling early growth is done sth. in advance the breeding method in garden - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to emerge early. The invention quickly breaks the epicotyl dormancy by using gibberellin to soak the seeds; cuts off the main root growth point of the rooting seeds; plants the root-cut seeds in the hole tray, places them on an electric heating bed for high-temperature germination; moves them into degradable containers and light substrates Carry out container seedling cultivation; after slowing down the seedlings, drench the roots of the seedlings with indole butyric acid solution to promote the occurrence of lateral roots; transition in the greenhouse for half a month, and bury all the degradable containers in the soil after leaving the room; Apply gibberellin solution to roots or bases of stems to promote thickening of rhizomes, set up black sunshade nets to protect leaves during the high temperature season in July-August in summer, and apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in autumn to promote aboveground branches. In late September, seedlings can reach The height of the seedlings is 12cm, the thickness of the rhizome is 0.3cm, there are 3 branches, and there are more than 10 lateral roots. The standard for the nursery is to cultivate a large number of robust Fengdan seedlings, which is one year shorter than the traditional method of raising seedlings.

Description

A cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to emerge early

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid cultivation of phoenix seedlings, and relates to a cultivation method for promoting the growth of fengdan seedlings to emerge from a nursery early.

Background technique

Fengdan is a famous variety of medicinal peony and peony for oil. Its root bark can be used as medicine. Functional edible oil. Fengdan has a high seed setting rate. In recent years, it has been widely promoted and planted as an oil-use peony variety across the country. There is a large gap in the demand market for Fengdan seedlings. Under the traditional field sowing and seedling raising method, Fengdan takes 6-7 months from sowing to emergence (sowing in September-October of the previous year, and emergence in March of the second year), and the growth after emergence in the spring of the second year is very slow. The height is only about 5cm, and it is impossible to go out of the nursery for planting and gardening; generally it takes more than 2 years to cultivate, until the autumn of the third year, when the seedling height is more than 12cm, the rhizome is 0.3cm thick, there are 2-3 branches, and there are more than 10 lateral roots. Reach the standard of planting and gardening out of the garden. And the lateral roots are thin and weak, it is not easy to form root balls when planting out of the nursery, and it is easy to damage the roots when transplanting, and the slow seedling period after transplanting is long. Therefore, the field seedling cultivation cycle of Fengdan is long, the production cost is high, the land economic benefit is low, and the seedling growth is weak and the quality is poor. Therefore, accelerating the growth rate of Fengdan seedlings and going out of the nursery early are technical problems that need to be solved urgently in the cultivation of Fengdan seedlings.

Container seedling cultivation is the most advanced form of seedling cultivation at present, which can save seeds, improve the efficiency of seedling cultivation per unit area, and the quality of seedlings is high. It has the advantages of developed root system, strong growth, good consistency, and high survival rate of transplanting. The newly germinated seedlings of Fengdan are planted in containers with optimal substrate formula and preferred specifications, which is beneficial to promote the growth and development of Fengdan seedlings.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of slow seedling emergence of Fengdan seedlings, slow growth of seedlings in the first year, long seedling cultivation period, poor quality of seedlings, low transplanting survival rate, etc., and provide a cultivation method for accelerating the growth of Fengdan seedlings to emerge early.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

A cultivation method for accelerating the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early, comprising the steps of:

(1) In mid-September, soak and disinfect the seeds with 5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, and then store them indoors for 85-95 days in stratified sand;

(2) Get sprouts in mid-December, select sprouts with a radicle length of more than 4cm, soak them in 300mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution for 20-25 hours, cut off the growth point of the main root, and remove the roots of the sprouts, leaving 3-4cm long root system;

(3) Move the root-cut sprouts into a 50-hole deep hole tray, and fill the tray with a matrix; when sowing, straighten out the root system, embed the seeds in the matrix, and keep the matrix moist; place the tray in a small shed On the electric heating hotbed inside, electric heating wires are laid under the hole trays, a film is buckled on the small arch shed, and the film is covered with a thermal insulation curtain; with the above measures, the seeds of Fengdan will emerge in 8-15 days. After emergence, the film and thermal insulation curtain are removed during the day and covered at night. Film and thermal insulation curtain; manage according to the above method until the middle and late March, and no longer cover the film and thermal insulation curtain at night, and transplant the seedlings in early April;

(4) Transplant the seedlings into a container for cultivation, fill the container with a substrate, place it in a plastic film greenhouse for cultivation, strengthen water management during this period, keep the substrate moist, and add foliage fertilizer in a timely manner; cut off the main root before transplanting the container seedlings Remove the growth point to promote the formation of lateral roots; after slowing down the seedlings in Fengdan container seedlings, pour 100-200mg L ^-1 IBA solution on the roots, water once every other day, and do it three times in a row. After 15-20 days, the seedlings The root system forms more than 30 lateral roots;

(5) At the end of April and early May, after the temperature stabilized, move out of the greenhouse, and bury all the containers in the field; in mid-May, apply 200mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution to the root or 300-800mg·L ^-1 to the base of the stem The gibberellin solution promotes the thickening of rhizomes, and root irrigation + 0.05% copper sulfate sprayed on leaves promotes the growth of seedling height and thickening of rhizomes;

(6) Set up black sunshade nets during the summer high temperature season from July to August, and apply nitrogen fertilizers in September. By late October, the indicators of plant height, root neck thickness, lateral root number, and branch number indicators of annual seedlings can reach the nursery standards for biennial seedlings early.

The electric heating hotbed described in the step (3) is an electric heating hotbed commonly used in raising seedlings of horticultural crops.

The environmental conditions of the plastic film greenhouse described in step (4) are: 20-25° C. during the day, 10-15° C. at night, the air humidity is maintained at 75%-85%, and natural light is used for illumination.

The matrix in step (3) and step (4) is mixed with peat soil and perlite according to the volume ratio of 1-3:0-1. According to the requirements of promoting the growth of lateral roots and maintaining a certain water retention capacity, the light matrix obtained by mixing peat soil and perlite at a volume ratio of 3:1 is further preferred; then 2 kg of slow-release fertilizer is added to the mixture per cubic meter to promote the growth of seedlings .

The slow-release fertilizer is any slow-release fertilizer that is commercially available or self-made and meets the national standard of "Slow-release Fertilizer".

The foliar fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer containing 5-ALA amino acid.

Key points of the invention

(1) Soak the seeds with a specific concentration of gibberellin to quickly break the dormancy of the epicotyls of the seeds, and perform high-temperature germination of the seeds in the electric heating hotbed in advance;

(2) Cut off the growth point of the main root directly at the sprout stage, and water the IBA solution to the root after the seed germinates to promote the growth of the lateral root.

(3) Degradable containers of specific sizes are used for container seedling cultivation. After the transition in the greenhouse, all the containers are buried in the soil to reduce damage to the root system and reduce the time for transplanting and slowing down seedlings.

Matching the above-mentioned various technologies can make the seedlings of Fengdan grow rapidly in the same year, reach the standard of the two-year-old seedlings in the traditional seedling raising method, and shorten the seedling raising cycle.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) The present invention uses gibberellin solution soaking to quickly break the epicotyl dormancy of the seeds after the stratification of Fengdan seeds, adopts an electric heating hotbed to carry out the germination of the seeds in advance, cuts the main root at the sprout stage, and uses IBA to irrigate Roots promote lateral roots, transplant sprouts to degradable seedling bags and directly plant them in fields, etc., which solve the problems of low seedling survival rate and long seedling time in traditional seedling cultivation, greatly save time and labor, and are easy to operate It is easy to operate; germination is accelerated in the hotbed, the emergence rate reaches more than 95%, the strong seedling rate reaches more than 80%, and the emergence is neat. The efficiency of raising seedlings in the whole process is increased by 50%, and the time for seedlings to become seedlings is shortened.

(2) The present invention adopts the degradable container and the appropriate ratio of light substrate to cultivate the phoenix seedlings, which can save 40% of land and 40% of water; the degradable non-woven bag is matched with the appropriate ratio of light substrate It is conducive to the robust growth of the root system of Fengdan seedlings, and a large number of high-quality seedlings with well-developed lateral roots and robust aboveground growth can be obtained.

(3) Transition the container seedlings in the greenhouse for 15-20 days before leaving the room, which can avoid the hazards of late frost and sun exposure in the open field, and ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings; the degradable non-woven fabric containers can be completely buried in the soil, which overcomes the danger of containers. In the later stage of seedlings, the root growth is limited by the container, the roots are severely damaged by transplanting, the time for slowing down the seedlings is long, and the management is labor-intensive. It reduces the chance of container seedlings being subjected to environmental stress, maintains the momentum of rapid growth of seedlings, and reduces the risk of transplanting out of pots. employment.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention will be further described.

Example 1

A cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early, the steps are as follows:

(1) Artificially breaking the hypocotyl dormancy of Fengdan seeds: mature peony seeds harvested in September. Screen, remove shriveled and moldy seeds, and select full and high-quality seeds, soak and disinfect with 5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours. Mix the treated seeds with high-pressure sterilized yellow sand at a volume ratio of 1:3 for stratification and germination, and water frequently to keep the sand moist. During stratification, pay attention to maintaining the humidity of the sand and the ventilation of the seeds. 3 After one month, the main root length of the seeds can reach more than 4cm.

(2) Breaking the dormancy of epicotyls and cutting off roots: obtain sprouts in mid-December, select sprouts with a radicle length of more than 4cm, soak them in 300mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution for 25 hours, cut off the growth point of the main root, and carry out sprouting Cut off the roots and keep the 3-4cm long root system.

(3) Electric heating hotbed accelerates germination and promotes seedlings: move the sprouts after root removal into a hole tray of 50 holes (the hole tray specification is an upper diameter of 4.8cm, a lower diameter of 2.0cm, and a depth of 8.5cm), and fill the hole tray with peat soil, The light matrix obtained by mixing perlite according to the volume ratio of 3:1 straightens the root system and embeds the seeds in the matrix. An electric heating wire with a power of 100 watts/㎡ is laid under the tray, and a film is buckled on the small shed, and the film is covered with a thermal insulation curtain. Set the starting point of the electric heating system to 15°C, that is, when the ground temperature is lower than 15°C, the heating will be automatically turned on, and when the ground temperature is higher than 15°C, the heating will be automatically stopped. The number of water sprays should be to keep the substrate moist. After 10 days, the seeds can emerge. After emergence, the film and thermal insulation curtain are removed during the day, and the film and thermal insulation curtain are covered at night to keep warm. Manage according to the above method until the middle and late March, and then no longer cover the film and thermal insulation screen at night, and transplant the seedlings in early April.

(4) Fengdan seedlings were transplanted to degradable containers for cultivation: the seedlings that had grown into seedlings were planted in a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a specification of 20cm×16cm (the length×width of the seedling bag before the substrate was installed) for light The matrix is cultivated and placed in a greenhouse. The environmental conditions of the greenhouse are kept at 20-25°C during the day and 10-15°C at night, the air humidity is kept at 75%-85%, and the light utilizes natural light. Timely topdressing.

(5) Promoting the occurrence of lateral roots of seedlings: after transplanting the Fengdan seedlings into the degradable seedling bags and slowing down the seedlings, drench the roots of the seedlings with 200 mg L ^-1 indole butyric acid (IBA) solution, once every other day , A total of 3 times to promote the occurrence of lateral roots.

(6) Continue to cultivate after planting: At the end of April and early May, move out of the greenhouse after the temperature is stable, and bury all the degradable containers in the field; the seedlings planted in the field should be rooted with 200mg L in the long-term period (mid-May). ^-1 gibberellin solution or smearing 500mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution at the base of the stem to promote rhizome thickening, root irrigation + leaf surface spraying 0.05% copper sulfate to promote seedling height growth and rhizome thickening;

(7) In the high temperature season of July to August, set up a black sunshade net to shade and protect the leaves, and apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer in autumn to promote the second growth peak of the root system in autumn, promote the aboveground branches, and make the seedlings reach a height of 12cm by late September. The rhizome is 0.3 cm thick, has 3 branches, and has more than 10 lateral roots, which means that a large number of robust Fengdan seedlings have been cultivated.

Those skilled in the art should know that the protection scheme of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and various permutations, combinations and transformations can also be performed on the basis of the above-mentioned embodiments. Various transformations all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of cultivation method that promotes Fengdan seedling growth to go out nursery earlier, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: (1) In mid-September, soak and disinfect the seeds in 5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, and then store them indoors in stratified sand for 85-95 days; (2) Get sprouts in mid-December, select sprouts with a radicle length of more than 4cm, soak them in 300 mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution for 20-25 hours, cut off the growth point of the main root, and remove the roots of the sprouts. 4cm long root system; (3) Move the root-cut sprouts into a 50-hole deep hole tray, and fill the tray with a matrix; when sowing, straighten out the root system, bury the seeds in the matrix, and keep the matrix moist; place the tray in a small shed On the electric heating hotbed inside, electric heating wires are laid under the hole trays, a film is buckled on the small arch shed, and the film is covered with a thermal insulation curtain; with the above measures, the seeds of Fengdan will emerge in 8-15 days. After emergence, the film and thermal insulation curtain are removed during the day and covered at night. Film and thermal insulation curtain; manage according to the above method until the middle and late March, and no longer cover the film and thermal insulation curtain at night, and transplant the seedlings in early April; (4) Transplant the seedlings into a container for cultivation, fill the container with a substrate, place it in a plastic film greenhouse for cultivation, strengthen water management during the period, keep the substrate moist, and add foliar fertilizer in a timely manner; cut off the main root before transplanting the container seedlings Remove the growth point to promote the formation of lateral roots; water 100-200 mg·L ^-1 IBA solution to the roots after slowing down the seedlings of Fengdan container seedlings, watering once every other day, for 3 consecutive times, after 15-20 days The root system of seedlings forms more than 30 lateral roots; (5) At the end of April and early May, after the temperature stabilized, move out of the greenhouse and bury all the containers in the field; in mid-May, apply 200 mg·L ^-1 gibberellin solution to the roots or 300-800 mg·L -1 to the base ^of the stems ¹ gibberellin solution to promote rhizome thickening, root irrigation + 0.05% copper sulfate foliar spraying to promote seedling height growth and rhizome thickening; Nitrogen fertilizers were applied in September, and the indicators of plant height, rhizome thickness, lateral root number, and branch number of annual seedlings reached the nursery standards for biennial seedlings early in late October. 2. The cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to come out of the nursery early according to claim 1, characterized in that the power of the electric heating wire described in step (3) is 100 watts/㎡; the starting point of the electric heating system is set at 15 °C, when the local temperature is lower than 15 °C, the heating will be automatically turned on, and when the local temperature is higher than 15 °C, the heating will be automatically stopped, and the number of water sprays is appropriate to keep the substrate moist. 3. The cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early according to claim 1, characterized in that the 50-hole tray described in step (3) is a commercially available plastic tray, and its specification is an upper diameter of 4.8cm, The lower diameter is 2.0cm, and the depth is 8.5cm. 4. the cultivation method of promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the substrate described in step (3) and step (4) all adopts peat soil, perlite according to 1-3: Mixed at a volume ratio of 0-1, and then added 2 kg of slow-release fertilizer per cubic meter of the mixture. 5. The cultivation method for promoting the growth and early emergence of Fengdan seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that the container described in step (4) is a degradable non-woven seedling bag with a size of 20cm×16cm. 6. the cultivation method of promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early according to claim 1, characterized in that the foliage fertilizer described in step (4) is a water-soluble fertilizer containing 5-ALA amino acid. 7. The cultivation method for promoting the growth of Fengdan seedlings to go out of the nursery early according to claim 1, characterized in that the environmental conditions of the plastic film greenhouse described in step (4) are: 20-25 ° C during the day, 10-15 ° C at night , the relative air humidity is kept at 75%-85%, and the light uses natural light.