CN102668892B - Cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102668892B CN102668892B CN201210180644.4A CN201210180644A CN102668892B CN 102668892 B CN102668892 B CN 102668892B CN 201210180644 A CN201210180644 A CN 201210180644A CN 102668892 B CN102668892 B CN 102668892B
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings. The method comprises the following steps: collecting Shaniodendron subaequalum seeds for cultivation; selecting planted seedlings, which are reserved with beds, healthily and strongly grow and have ground diameters of not less than 0.5 cm, as stocks; collecting healthy and strong mature branches with no diseases and flower buds from mother Shaniodendron subaequalum trees; shearing the branches into 5-6 cm long scions with 2-3 muds; sealing and refrigerating the scions; grating the scions by using a side grafting method; sealing and moisturizing the grafted parts by using film strips; and preventing rainwater from entering grafting incisions. The cultivating method of the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simplicity in operation and high grafting survival rate; meanwhile, the juvenile phase of the Shaniodendron subaequalum is shortened and the Shaniodendron subaequalum can come into flowers in advance, so that the problem that planted Shaniodendron subaequalum seedling plants grow up with too long time is solved; the scions with flower muds can come into flowers in the next year, so that the problem that the planted Shaniodendron subaequalum seedlings grow up with too long time is solved; the endangered state of wild Shaniodendron subaequalum plants is eased; and the bred seedlings have both flowering and foliage characteristics; therefore, the cultivating method of the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings, provided by the invention, can be widely used for landscaping.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the grafting method field of plant, especially relate to a kind of breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum.
Background technology
Shaniodendron subaequalum (
shaniodendron subaequale) be under the jurisdiction of Hamamelidaceae, Shaniodendron subaequalum genus, be ancient Relict Plant in the Tertiary Period, be Chinese distinctive autogenus arbor species, at aspects such as botany, taxonomy, ecology, there is very important scientific research and be worth.At present, the ground such as Anji city, Shaniodendron subaequalum Jin Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province's Yixing City, Shucheng County, Anhui Province, Jixi County has a small amount of plant to survive.In 1999, Shaniodendron subaequalum was put into country-level rare or endangered species register.
Shaniodendron subaequalum tree crown is opened a business, the colors such as that blade becomes is in the fall red, Huang Zi, and flower shape is peculiar, and continuously, color is magnificent for flower filamentary silver, is the good green tree species that having concurrently of a kind of preciousness seen flower and seen leaf autumn.Growth rate is slow, and timber is very hard, and texture is perfectly straight, and structure is fine and closely woven, and tangent plane is smooth, can be used as precious mechanical part material, is therefore that a kind of untapped special type is used aptitude source.
Shaniodendron subaequalum needs 20 years from growth of seedling to blossoming and bearing fruit, blooming, in pollinating process, also exist female, stamen not meet phenomenon, cause the Shaniodendron subaequalum rate of being naturally pollinated extremely low, the phenomenon that even has the individual plant of upper a century also not bloom in Wild plant, this may be to cause Shaniodendron subaequalum in the wild in one of reason in imminent danger.Due to the importance of Shaniodendron subaequalum species conservation and there is special sight; active gradually to the research and development of Shaniodendron subaequalum in recent years, but slow because of its growth, become the year long; cottage propagation difficulty is larger, and the problem in imminent danger of Shaniodendron subaequalum and exploitation do not obtain basic solution so far.Adopting this stock grafting method to carry out the adult seedling of quickly breeding Shaniodendron subaequalum is a key technology of carrying out Shaniodendron subaequalum child care and exploitation; if can be successful; to greatly alleviate or remove their Critical Condition, for great contribution is made in the protection of rare tree species, and will bring huge economic benefit.
Summary of the invention
The breeding method that the object of this invention is to provide a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum.The method is that a kind of cultivation period is short, low cost, high-servival rate, the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum simple to operate.
The present invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
(1) this anvil is cultivated: October 1 is to October 15 from robust growth, on the high adult plant of ripening rate, gathering Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit is seed, divided and be positioned over ventilation on the sunny side, cover one deck pore nylon wire above, in case seed launches loss during cracking of fruit, after 4-5 days, collect seed, and put into sealed bag, keep dry, be placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage, at the beginning of 2 months next years, the seed of storage is soaked by normal-temperature water, after 2 hours, seed is screened, remove the light grain seed of bubbling through the water column, choose large grain full seed, with the gibberellin of 400mg/L, soak after 24 hours, uniform broadcasting is on the thick casting bed of 20cm, seed is not overlapped, be covered with again the clean river sand of 5cm, keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding.April 20 to April 30 tree seedling of sprouting on casting bed is progressively transplanted to the chiltern earth garden put in order and is planted, keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, afterwards according to garden requirement, normally carry out water and fertilizer management.
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the tree seedling of ground footpath≤0.5cm is stock.In late October to early and middle ten days in November, from Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree gather healthy and strong, disease-free, with bud or without the ripe branch of the perennial branch of bud, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm is long, carry out in time grafting, the complete scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag, is placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage, at 1-2, in week, completes grafting.
(3) grafting method: the scion that grafting is used and stock rugosity size should be suitable.Adopt the method for side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock, deeply reach 1/3 of diameter of stock, the long 1.2-1.5cm of angle, then sentence 35o-45o incision at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm, remove the stock cutting.Select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, scion is first cut to the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm, lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply, then at reverse side, cuts the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm, and scion is inserted to stock, the long bevel of scion is inside, short bevel is outside, forms layer and aims at, and connects airtight, with the film strip of wide 2cm, at grafting place sealing, moisturizing, and prevent that rainwater from entering grafting otch.
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after grafting, as scion does not survive, select the grafting again of appropriate position, keep ground moistening, prevent that antecedent soil moisture from causing scion dehydration, duty is cut weeds.March next year, in scion, bloom or rudiment, after normal growth, progressively remove the film strip of colligation, and erase in time stock sprouting, after the healthy and strong growth of scion, above scion, 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock.
The breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum of the present invention, through multinomial comparative trial, sums up following optimum technology parameter:
1, seed treatment: the seed of collection is placed in respectively to-20 ℃, 4 ℃ and normal temperature condition storage.At the beginning of 2 months next years, gibberellin with 200mg/L, 400mg/L, 600mg/L after the seed wet concentration of storage is soaked respectively after 2 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours, sow, it is the highest that result shows that the seed germination rate of 24 hours is soaked in 4 ℃ of refrigerations, 400mg/L gibberellin.
2, grafting time: late October to November early and middle ten days, mid-December to the last ten-days period, late January next year to early Febuary are carried out grafting three times, result shows that late October to November early and middle ten days graft survival rate is the highest.
3, scion is selected: choose respectively band bud perennial branch, without bud perennial branch, raw lignification branch is that grafting is carried out in scion then, result shows to be with bud and high without bud perennial branch graft survival rate.
4, grafting method: carry out grafting by the method for side grafting and cleft grafting respectively, result shows that the mode survival rate of side grafting is high.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the feature that the present invention has is simple to operate, graft survival rate is high, use grafting method survival rate of the present invention can reach more than 90%, the remarkable shortening the juvenile phase of Shaniodendron subaequalum plant of cultivating, scion next year of tool bud can bloom, and has solved Shaniodendron subaequalum tree seedling and has become oversize problem of year, greatly alleviates the Critical Condition of Shaniodendron subaequalum Wild plant, the nursery stock of breeding has the characteristic of seeing flower and seeing leaf concurrently, can be widely used in afforestation.
Embodiment
The present invention is further described in conjunction with the embodiments.
Embodiment 1
(1) this anvil is cultivated: October 1 to October 15 from robust growth, adult plant that ripening rate is high gathers Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit as seed, divided and be positioned over ventilation on the sunny side, cover one deck pore nylon wire above, in case seed launches loss during cracking of fruit, after 4-5 days, collect seed, and put into sealed bag, keep dry, be placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage.At the beginning of 2 months next years, the seed of storage is soaked by normal-temperature water, after 2 hours, seed is screened, remove the light grain seed of bubbling through the water column, choose large grain full seed, with the gibberellin of 400mg/L, soak after 24 hours, uniform broadcasting is on the thick casting bed of 20cm, seed is not overlapped, be covered with again the clean river sand of 5cm, keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding.April 20 to April 30 tree seedling of sprouting on casting bed is progressively transplanted to the chiltern earth garden put in order and is planted, keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, afterwards according to garden requirement, normally carry out water and fertilizer management.
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the tree seedling of ground footpath≤0.5cm is stock.In late October to early and middle ten days in November, from Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree gather healthy and strong, disease-free, with the perennial branch of bud, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm is long, carries out grafting in time, and the complete scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag, be placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage, at 1-2, in week, complete grafting.
(3) grafting method: the scion that grafting is used and stock rugosity size should be suitable.Adopt the method for side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock, deeply reach 1/3 of diameter of stock, the long 1.2-1.5cm of angle, then sentence 35o-45o incision at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm, remove the stock cutting.Select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, scion is first cut to the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm, lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply, then at reverse side, cuts the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm, and scion is inserted to stock, the long bevel of scion is inside, short bevel is outside, forms layer and aims at, and connects airtight, with the film strip of wide 2cm, at grafting place sealing, moisturizing, and prevent that rainwater from entering grafting otch.
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after grafting, as scion does not survive, select the grafting again of appropriate position, keep ground moistening, prevent that antecedent soil moisture from causing scion dehydration, duty is cut weeds.March next year, in scion, bloom or rudiment, after normal growth, progressively remove the film strip of colligation, and erase in time stock sprouting, after the healthy and strong growth of scion, above scion, 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock.
Embodiment 2 application the inventive method are carried out the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
With reference to the step operation of embodiment 1, at the beginning of 2009 2 months, Shaniodendron subaequalum seed is sowed to processing, late April moves to chiltern earth garden by tree seedling and carries out maintenance management.On October 28th, 2011, collection is with the perennial branch of bud, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm is long, carries out grafting in the mode of side grafting, and grafting survived condition survey after 30 days, survival rate reaches 90.47%, after apply fertilizer, water and the extermination of disease and insect pest, bloom March 25 next year, April 26 investigation shows normally solid.
Embodiment 3 application the inventive method are carried out the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
With reference to the step operation of embodiment 1, at the beginning of 2009 2 months, Shaniodendron subaequalum seed is sowed to processing, late April moves to chiltern earth garden by tree seedling and carries out maintenance management.On December 20th, 2011, the perennial branch of take without bud is scion, is cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm is long, mode with side grafting is carried out grafting, encircles immediately transparent plastic film cover after grafting, carries out heat and moisture preserving, grafting survived condition survey after 30 days, survival rate reaches 88.46%, and other management are the same, and 26 investigate April next year, the young sprout average length 7.8cm of grafting growth, reaches 11.5cm most.
Embodiment 4 application the inventive method are carried out the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
Operation with reference to the step (1) of embodiment 1, is placed in respectively-20 ℃ of freezer hermetically storings, Cool Room 4℃ hermetically storing and normal temperature hermetically storings by the seed of collection.At the beginning of 2 months next years, Shaniodendron subaequalum seed is respectively soaked after 2 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/L, 400mg/L and 600mg/L respectively, sow.Before April 20 started to transplant seedlings, add up germination rate, it is the highest that wherein 4 ℃ of refrigeration, 400mg/L gibberellin soak the seed germination rate of 24 hours, is 40%, and the seed germination rate of other each processing is between 5-30%.
Embodiment 5 application the inventive method are carried out the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
Operation with reference to the step (2) of embodiment 1, on October 28th, 2011, on December 20th, 2011 and on February 2nd, 2012, choose respectively with bud perennial branch, without bud perennial branch, raw lignification branch is this anvil grafting that Shaniodendron subaequalum is carried out in scion then, all in grafting, after 30 days, check grafting survival situation, on October 28th, 2011 wherein, with band bud and high without bud perennial branch graft survival rate, be respectively 90.47% and 89.48%, the survival rate that other different grafting times carry out dissimilar scion grafting is between 71.43-88.46%.
Embodiment 6 application the inventive method are carried out the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
Operation with reference to the step (3) of embodiment 1, on December 20th, 2011, the perennial branch of take without bud is scion, utilize respectively the mode of side grafting and cleft grafting to carry out this anvil grafting of Shaniodendron subaequalum, grafting checks grafting survival situation after 30 days, find that side grafting survival rate is 88.46%, higher than the survival rate of cleft grafting 81.25%.
The foregoing is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; not the spirit and scope of the present invention are limited; the various improvement that any those skilled in the art of being familiar with do in technical scope of the present invention, are all encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum, by following steps, realize:
(1) this anvil is cultivated: it is seed that 1-15 day in October gathers Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit from the plant that grows up, divided and be positioned over ventilation 4-5 days on the sunny side, cover one deck pore nylon wire above, then put into sealed bag, keep dry, be placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage, at the beginning of 2 months next years, taking out seed soaks by normal-temperature water, after 2 hours, choose large grain full seed, with the gibberellin of 400mg/L, soak 24 hours, be sown on the casting bed that 20cm is thick, not overlapped, be covered with again the clean river sand of 5cm, keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding, 20-30 day in April the tree seedling of sprouting on casting bed being transplanted to the chiltern earth garden put in order plants, keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, afterwards according to garden requirement, normally carry out water and fertilizer management,
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, without damage by disease and insect, the tree seedling of ground footpath≤0.5cm is stock, in late October to early and middle ten days in November, from Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree gather healthy and strong, disease-free, with bud or without the perennial branch of bud, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm grows, carry out in time grafting, the complete scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag, is placed in Cool Room 4℃ storage, at 1-2, in week, completes grafting;
(3) grafting method: the method that adopts side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock, deeply reach 1/3 of diameter of stock, the long 1.2-1.5cm of angle, at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm, sentence 35o-45o incision again, remove the stock cutting, select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, scion is first cut to the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm, lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply, at reverse side, cut again the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm, scion is inserted to stock, the long bevel of scion is inside, short bevel is outside, forming layer aims at, connect airtight, with the film strip of wide 2cm at grafting place sealing, moisturizing, and prevent that rainwater from entering grafting otch,
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after grafting, as scion does not survive, select the grafting again of appropriate position, keep ground moistening, March next year, scion bloom or rudiment normal growth after, progressively remove the film strip of colligation, and erase in time stock sprouting, after the healthy and strong growth of scion, above scion, 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock.
2. the breeding method of a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when step (4) keeps ground moistening, wants duty to cut weeds.
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| CN104221727A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-12-24 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Plum blossom planting method by grafting ripe plum blossom twigs onto twig stocks |
| CN104255314B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-06-29 | 范明忠 | A kind of breeding method of fruit Seedling |
| CN111919609A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-13 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Grafting propagation method of witch hazel |
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| CN101406142A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2009-04-15 | 刘桂玉 | Method for grafting seedling of fruit tree in spring |
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| CN1663343A (en) * | 2005-03-02 | 2005-09-07 | 重庆市万州区丝绸公司 | Core branch scion two-surface grafting method of growth period stopped mulberry |
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| Title |
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