CN102668892A - Cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings - Google Patents
Cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102668892A CN102668892A CN2012101806444A CN201210180644A CN102668892A CN 102668892 A CN102668892 A CN 102668892A CN 2012101806444 A CN2012101806444 A CN 2012101806444A CN 201210180644 A CN201210180644 A CN 201210180644A CN 102668892 A CN102668892 A CN 102668892A
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivating method of Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings. The method comprises the following steps: collecting Shaniodendron subaequalum seeds for cultivation; selecting planted seedlings, which are reserved with beds, healthily and strongly grow and have ground diameters of not less than 0.5 cm, as stocks; collecting healthy and strong mature branches with no diseases and flower buds from mother Shaniodendron subaequalum trees; shearing the branches into 5-6 cm long scions with 2-3 muds; sealing and refrigerating the scions; grating the scions by using a side grafting method; sealing and moisturizing the grafted parts by using film strips; and preventing rainwater from entering grafting incisions. The cultivating method of the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings, provided by the invention, has the advantages of simplicity in operation and high grafting survival rate; meanwhile, the juvenile phase of the Shaniodendron subaequalum is shortened and the Shaniodendron subaequalum can come into flowers in advance, so that the problem that planted Shaniodendron subaequalum seedling plants grow up with too long time is solved; the scions with flower muds can come into flowers in the next year, so that the problem that the planted Shaniodendron subaequalum seedlings grow up with too long time is solved; the endangered state of wild Shaniodendron subaequalum plants is eased; and the bred seedlings have both flowering and foliage characteristics; therefore, the cultivating method of the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock grafted seedlings, provided by the invention, can be widely used for landscaping.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the grafting method field of plant, especially relate to a kind of breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum.
Background technology
Shaniodendron subaequalum (
Shaniodendron subaequale) be under the jurisdiction of Hamamelidaceae, Shaniodendron subaequalum genus, be ancient Relict Plant in the Tertiary Period, be Chinese distinctive autogenus arbor species, have very important scientific research at aspects such as botany, taxonomy, ecology and be worth.At present, Shaniodendron subaequalum only has a spot of plant to survive on Anji, Zhejiang Province city, Jiangsu Province's Yixing City, Anhui Province's Shucheng County, Jixi County and other places.In 1999, Shaniodendron subaequalum was put into country-level rare or endangered species register.
The Shaniodendron subaequalum tree crown is opened a business, colors such as that blade becomes in the fall is red, Huang Zi, flower shape is peculiar, the flower filamentary silver continuously, color is magnificent, is the good green tree species that having concurrently of a kind of preciousness seen flower and seen leaf autumn.Growth rate is slow, and timber is very hard, and texture is perfectly straight, and structure is fine and closely woven, and tangent plane is smooth, and can be used as precious mechanical part and use material, be that a kind of untapped special type is used the aptitude source therefore.
Shaniodendron subaequalum needs 20 years from growth of seedling to blossoming and bearing fruit; Do not meet phenomenon blooming, also exist in the pollinating process female, stamen; Cause the Shaniodendron subaequalum rate of being pollinated naturally extremely low; In the wild plant even have and go up the phenomenon that century-old individual plant is not bloomed yet, this possibly be to cause Shaniodendron subaequalum to be in one of reason in imminent danger in the open air.Because the importance of Shaniodendron subaequalum species conservation and have special sight; Active gradually to the research and development of Shaniodendron subaequalum in recent years, but slow because of its growth, become the year long; The cottage propagation difficulty is bigger, and the problem in imminent danger of Shaniodendron subaequalum does not obtain basic solution so far with development and use.Adopting this stock grafting method to come the adult seedling of quickly breeding Shaniodendron subaequalum is a key technology of carrying out Shaniodendron subaequalum child care and development and use; If can be successful; With the Critical Condition of alleviating or remove them greatly,, and will bring huge economic benefit for great contribution is made in the protection of rare tree species.
Summary of the invention
The breeding method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum.This method is that a kind of cultivation period is short, low cost, high-servival rate, the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum simple to operate.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme to realize:
(1) this anvil is cultivated: October 1 to October 15 from robust growth, to gather the Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit be seed for adult plant that ripening rate is high, it divided be positioned over ventilation on the sunny side, covers one deck pore nylon wire above, in case seed launches loss during cracking of fruit; After 4-5 days, collect seed, and put into sealed bag, keep dry; Place the Cool Room 4 storage, at the beginning of 2 months next years, the seed of storing is soaked with normal-temperature water, after 2 hours; Seed is screened, remove the light grain seed of bubbling through the water column, choose big grain full seed; After soaking 24 hours with the gibberellin of 400mg/L, uniform broadcasting is on the thick casting bed of 20cm, and seed is not overlapped; Be covered with the cleaning river sand of 5cm again, keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding.Progressively be transplanted to the ground of putting in order, chiltern earth garden with the tree seedling of sprouting on the casting bed and plant April 20 to April 30, and keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, according to garden ground requirement, normally carries out water and fertilizer management afterwards.
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, the tree seedling of ground footpath ≧ 0.5cm are stock.At early and middle ten days in late October to November; Gather healthy and strong, disease-free, wounded in the battle bud or do not have the ripe branch of the perennial branch of bud from the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm grows; In time carry out grafting; The intact scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag, places the Cool Room 4 storage, accomplishes grafting at 1-2 in week.
(3) grafting method: scion that grafting is used and stock rugosity size should be suitable.Adopt the method for side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock; Reach 1/3 of diameter of stock deeply; The long 1.2-1.5cm of angle sentences the 35o-45o incision at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm again, removes the stock that cuts.Select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm is cut in scion earlier, the lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply; Cut the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm again at reverse side, stock is inserted in scion, the long bevel of scion is inside; Short bevel is outside, and cambium is aimed at, and connects airtight; Film band with wide 2cm is preserved moisture in grafting place sealing, and prevents that rainwater from getting into the grafting otch.
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after the grafting, do not become alive like scion, select the grafting again of appropriate position, keep ground moistening, prevent that antecedent soil moisture from causing the scion dehydration, duty is cut weeds.March next year, bloom or rudiment in scion, behind the normal growth, progressively remove the film band of colligation, and in time erase the stock sprouting, treat the healthy and strong growth of scion after, the 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock above scion.
The breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum of the present invention sums up following optimum technology parameter through multinomial comparative trial:
1, seed treatment: the seed of collecting is placed-20 ℃, 4 ℃ and normal temperature condition storage respectively.At the beginning of 2 months next years; After soaking 2 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours respectively with the gibberellin of 200mg/L, 400mg/L, 600mg/L behind the seed wet concentration of storage; Sow, it is the highest that the result shows that 24 hours seed germination rate is soaked in 4 ℃ of refrigerations, 400mg/L gibberellin.
2, grafting time: late October to November early and middle ten days, mid-December to the last ten-days period, late January next year to early Febuary are carried out grafting three times, and the result shows that late October to November early and middle ten days graft survival rate is the highest.
3, scion is selected: choose wounded in the battle bud perennial branch, no bud perennial branch respectively, give birth to the lignification branch then and carry out grafting for scion, the result shows with wounded in the battle bud and no bud perennial branch graft survival rate height.
4, grafting method: carry out grafting with the method for side grafting and cleft grafting respectively, the result shows that the mode survival rate of side grafting is high.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows that the characteristics that the present invention has is simple to operate, graft survival rate is high use grafting method survival rate of the present invention can reach more than 90%; The remarkable shortening the juvenile phase of Shaniodendron subaequalum plant of being cultivated; Scion next year of tool bud can bloom, and has solved the Shaniodendron subaequalum tree seedling and has become oversize problem of year, alleviates the Critical Condition of the wild plant of Shaniodendron subaequalum greatly; The nursery stock of breeding has the characteristic of seeing flower and seeing leaf concurrently, can be widely used in afforestation.
Embodiment
The present invention combines embodiment to be further described.
Embodiment 1
(1) this anvil is cultivated: October 1 to October 15 from robust growth, adult plant that ripening rate is high gathers the Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit as seed, it divided be positioned over ventilation on the sunny side, covers one deck pore nylon wire above; In case seed launches loss during cracking of fruit; After 4-5 days, collect seed, and put into sealed bag; Keep dry, place the Cool Room 4 storage.At the beginning of 2 months next years, the seed of storing is soaked with normal-temperature water, after 2 hours; Seed is screened, remove the light grain seed of bubbling through the water column, choose big grain full seed; After soaking 24 hours with the gibberellin of 400mg/L, uniform broadcasting is on the thick casting bed of 20cm, and seed is not overlapped; Be covered with the cleaning river sand of 5cm again, keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding.Progressively be transplanted to the ground of putting in order, chiltern earth garden with the tree seedling of sprouting on the casting bed and plant April 20 to April 30, and keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, according to garden ground requirement, normally carries out water and fertilizer management afterwards.
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, no damage by disease and insect, the tree seedling of ground footpath ≧ 0.5cm are stock.At early and middle ten days in late October to November, gather perennial branch healthy and strong, disease-free, wounded in the battle bud from the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud; Grafting is in time carried out in the scion that 5-6cm is long, and the intact scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag; Place the Cool Room 4 storage, accomplish grafting in week at 1-2.
(3) grafting method: scion that grafting is used and stock rugosity size should be suitable.Adopt the method for side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock; Reach 1/3 of diameter of stock deeply; The long 1.2-1.5cm of angle sentences the 35o-45o incision at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm again, removes the stock that cuts.Select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm is cut in scion earlier, the lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply; Cut the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm again at reverse side, stock is inserted in scion, the long bevel of scion is inside; Short bevel is outside, and cambium is aimed at, and connects airtight; Film band with wide 2cm is preserved moisture in grafting place sealing, and prevents that rainwater from getting into the grafting otch.
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after the grafting, do not become alive like scion, select the grafting again of appropriate position, keep ground moistening, prevent that antecedent soil moisture from causing the scion dehydration, duty is cut weeds.March next year, bloom or rudiment in scion, behind the normal growth, progressively remove the film band of colligation, and in time erase the stock sprouting, treat the healthy and strong growth of scion after, the 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock above scion.
Embodiment 2 uses the breeding method that the inventive method is carried out this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
With reference to the procedure of embodiment 1, at the beginning of 2009 2 months the Shaniodendron subaequalum seed is sowed processing, late April moves to ground, chiltern earth garden with tree seedling and carries out maintenance management.On October 28th, 2011, gather the perennial branch of wounded in the battle bud, be cut into a tool 2-3 bud; The scion that 5-6cm is long is carried out grafting with the mode of side grafting, and grafting is carried out to condition survey alive after 30 days; Survival rate reaches 90.47%; After apply fertilizer, water and the extermination of disease and insect pest, bloom March 25 next year, April 26 investigation shows normally solid.
Embodiment 3 uses the breeding method that the inventive method is carried out this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
With reference to the procedure of embodiment 1, at the beginning of 2009 2 months the Shaniodendron subaequalum seed is sowed processing, late April moves to ground, chiltern earth garden with tree seedling and carries out maintenance management.On December 20th, 2011 was scion with the perennial branch of no bud, was cut into a tool 2-3 bud, the scion that 5-6cm is long; Mode with side grafting is carried out grafting, encircles the transparent plastic film cover after the grafting immediately, carries out heat and moisture preserving; Grafting is carried out to condition survey alive after 30 days, survival rate reaches 88.46%, and other management are the same; 26 investigate April next year, and the young sprout average length 7.8cm of grafting growth reaches 11.5cm most.
Embodiment 4 uses the breeding method that the inventive method is carried out this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
With reference to the operation of the step (1) of embodiment 1, the seed of collecting is placed-20 ℃ of freezer hermetically storings, Cool Room 4 hermetically storing and normal temperature hermetically storings respectively.At the beginning of 2 months next years, the Shaniodendron subaequalum seed respectively soaked 2 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours with the gibberellin of 200mg/L, 400mg/L and 600mg/L respectively after, sow.Statistics germination rate before April 20 beginning to transplant seedlings, wherein 4 ℃ of refrigeration, 24 hours seed germination rate of 400mg/L gibberellin immersion are the highest, are 40%, and the seed germination rate of other each processing is between the 5-30%.
Embodiment 5 uses the breeding method that the inventive method is carried out this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
Operation with reference to the step (2) of embodiment 1; On October 28th, 2011, on December 20th, 2011 and on February 2nd, 2012; Choose wounded in the battle bud perennial branch, no bud perennial branch respectively, give birth to the lignification branch then and carry out this anvil grafting of Shaniodendron subaequalum for scion; All check the grafting survival situation after 30 days in grafting, wherein on October 28th, 2011 is high with wounded in the battle bud and no bud perennial branch graft survival rate; Be respectively 90.47% and 89.48%, the survival rate that other different grafting times carry out dissimilar scion graftings is between the 71.43-88.46%.
Embodiment 6 uses the breeding method that the inventive method is carried out this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum
Operation with reference to the step (3) of embodiment 1; On December 20th, 2011; Perennial branch with no bud is scion, utilizes the mode of side grafting and cleft grafting to carry out this anvil grafting of Shaniodendron subaequalum respectively, and the grafting survival situation is checked in grafting after 30 days; Find that the side grafting survival rate is 88.46%, be higher than the survival rate of cleft grafting 81.25%.
The above is merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention; Be not that design of the present invention and scope are limited; The various improvement that any technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is done in technical scope of the present invention all are encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the breeding method of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum, realize through following steps:
(1) this anvil is cultivated: it is seed that 1-15 day in October is gathered the Shaniodendron subaequalum fruit from the plant that grows up, and it is divided be positioned over ventilation 4-5 days on the sunny side, covers one deck pore nylon wire above; Put into sealed bag then, keep dry, place the Cool Room 4 storage; At the beginning of 2 months next years, take out seed and soak, after 2 hours with normal-temperature water; Choose big grain full seed,, broadcast sowing on the thick casting bed of 20cm with the gibberellin immersion of 400mg/L 24 hours; Be covered with the cleaning river sand of 5cm again, keep river sand moistening, 20-30 day in April is transplanted to the ground of putting in order, chiltern earth garden with the tree seedling of sprouting on the casting bed and plants; Keeping distance between rows and hills is 20 cm * 15 cm, according to garden ground requirement, normally carries out water and fertilizer management afterwards;
(2) propagation by grafiting: choose and stay a 2-3, robust growth, no damage by disease and insect; the tree seedling of ground footpath ≧ 0.5cm is a stock,, gather healthy and strong, disease-free, wounded in the battle bud or do not have the perennial branch of bud from the Shaniodendron subaequalum stock tree at early and middle ten days in late October to November; Be cut into a tool 2-3 bud, grafting is in time carried out in the scion that 5-6cm is long; The intact scion of grafting does not seal with sealed bag, places the Cool Room 4 storage, accomplishes grafting at 1-2 in week;
(3) grafting method: adopt the method for side grafting, from plant base portion 15-20cm place, cutter becomes 20o-30o from the superficial to the deep steadily to cut xylem with stock; Reach 1/3 of diameter of stock deeply, the long 1.2-1.5cm of angle sentences the 35o-45o incision at angle base portion top 0.4-0.5cm again; Remove the stock that cuts, select the sizable scion of rugosity with stock, scion is cut the long bevel of a 1.2-1.5cm earlier; The lower end reaches the 3/5-4/5 of scion diameter deeply, cuts the short bevel of a long 0.4-0.5cm again at reverse side, and stock is inserted in scion; Film band with wide 2cm is preserved moisture in grafting place sealing, and prevents that rainwater from getting into the grafting otch;
(4) managing after grafting: observe once weekly after the grafting, do not become alive, select the grafting again of appropriate position like scion; Keep ground moistening, March next year, scion bloom or the rudiment normal growth after; Progressively remove the film band of colligation; And in time erase the stock sprouting, treat the healthy and strong growth of scion after, the 1.0-1.5cm place cuts off stock above scion.
2. the breeding method of a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (1) seed is divided and is positioned over ventilation on the sunny side, covers one deck pore nylon wire above; When seed broadcasted sowing after the gibberellin of 400mg/L soaks 24 hours on the thick casting bed of 20cm, seed was not overlapped; Keep river sand moistening, but can not ponding.
3. the breeding method of a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum according to claim 1 is characterized in that, scion that step (3) grafting is used and stock rugosity sizableness; Stock is inserted in scion, and the long bevel of scion is inside, and short bevel is outside; Cambium is aimed at, and connects airtight.
4.. the breeding method of a kind of this stock grafting seedling of Shaniodendron subaequalum according to claim 1 is characterized in that, wants duty to cut weeds when step (4) keeps ground moistening.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104221727A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-12-24 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Plum blossom planting method by grafting ripe plum blossom twigs onto twig stocks |
| CN104255314A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-07 | 范明忠 | Fruit seedling cultivating method |
| CN111919609A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-13 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Grafting propagation method of witch hazel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104221727A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2014-12-24 | 莱州市宏顺梅花种植科技有限公司 | Plum blossom planting method by grafting ripe plum blossom twigs onto twig stocks |
| CN104255314A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-07 | 范明忠 | Fruit seedling cultivating method |
| CN111919609A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-13 | 德兴市荣兴苗木有限责任公司 | Grafting propagation method of witch hazel |
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