CN114793672A - Simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis - Google Patents
Simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793672A CN114793672A CN202110081333.1A CN202110081333A CN114793672A CN 114793672 A CN114793672 A CN 114793672A CN 202110081333 A CN202110081333 A CN 202110081333A CN 114793672 A CN114793672 A CN 114793672A
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- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 240000006079 Schisandra chinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 235000008422 Schisandra chinensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000736075 Schisandra Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000218377 Magnoliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059013 Nocturnal emission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010041497 Spermatorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000089698 Zanthoxylum simulans Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000013116 chronic cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, which comprises the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state; pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning; pruning time: pruning in autumn; pruning: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withering stage of vine leaves for pruning; pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans; pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without carrying out branch retaining. The seeds of the schisandra chinensis are cut in the spring sowing in the current year, the seeds are attached in the spring of the second year, the fruits of the schisandra chinensis are harvested for the first time in the third year, and then the cutting is carried out. Transplanting the seedlings in spring, attaching the seedlings in the current year, harvesting the schisandra fruits in autumn of the second year, and pruning. Transplanting seedlings in autumn requires attaching in spring of the second year, harvesting schisandra fruits for the first time in the third year, and then pruning.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural cultivation, in particular to a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis.
Background
Fructus Schisandrae is dried mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill.) of Magnoliaceae family. The Chinese magnoliavine fruit which is the traditional Chinese medicine recorded in the 2020 edition pharmacopeia is mainly produced in northeast provinces, has the effects of astringing, arresting discharge, tonifying qi, promoting the production of body fluid and the like, is mainly used for treating symptoms such as chronic cough, deficiency asthma, nocturnal emission, spermatorrhea and the like, and can be used as fruit to eat and drink, and is used for making juice for wine and the like in health care. The traditional Chinese medicine is commonly called as zanthoxylum bungeanum, steelyard weight, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, caulis wheaten and fructus mume, and Tang et al, from Xinxiu Bencao, carry that the five flavors of skin, meat, and sweet acid, pungent and bitter in kernel, are salty, so the name of the Chinese magnoliavine fruit is known.
The stems of the schisandra chinensis are slender and can not stand upright, and are wound, and after planting, the branches need to grow for 1-2 years first, so that the stems can enter the reproductive period. The density of the dense plant groups can influence the light transmission, influence the photosynthetic growth of leaves and reduce the yield of the schisandra chinensis. The reasonable pruning mode can effectively control the plant group density, ensure sufficient illumination, reduce the occurrence of diseases and ensure the high yield of the schisandra chinensis. The cultivation technology comprises seed selection, seed treatment, land selection and preparation, sowing, seedling raising and transplanting, weeding, water management, topdressing, frame building, pruning, ridging and pest control.
The pruning of schisandra chinensis is an important link in the cultivation and planting process of schisandra chinensis. The traditional Chinese magnoliavine pruning comprises three steps of trunk fixing, updating and impurity removal. In order to ensure the annual output of the schisandra chinensis, pruning is carried out every year, the pruning process is complex, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are consumed, the requirement on experience of pruning personnel in the pruning process is high, branches need to be manually selected for pruning, if the pruning is improper, the residual old branches are susceptible to stem base rot, the number of pesticide application times in the second year needs to be increased, the production cost is increased, and the quality of the schisandra chinensis can be reduced without paying attention. In the current cultivation and production process of the schisandra chinensis, a simple, convenient, time-saving and labor-saving pruning technology without reducing yield is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, and aims to solve the problem that a simple, convenient, time-saving and labor-saving pruning technology without reducing yield is urgently needed in the current cultivation and production process of schisandra chinensis.
The application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, which specifically comprises the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state;
pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning;
pruning time: pruning in autumn;
a pruning stage: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withering stage of vine leaves for pruning;
pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans;
pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without carrying out branch retaining.
Optionally, the schisandra seeds are pruned in the current year after spring sowing, attached in the next spring, and the schisandra fruits are harvested for the first time in the third year, and then pruned.
Optionally, transplanting the seedlings in spring for attaching in the current year, harvesting the schisandra fruits for the first time in autumn of the second year, and then pruning.
Optionally, transplanting the seedlings in autumn requires attaching in spring of the second year, harvesting the schisandra fruits for the first time in the third year, and then pruning.
Optionally, the attaching includes: when the twig of the schisandra chinensis grows to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra chinensis are led to be attached to the frame strips in a left-handed mode.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, which comprises the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state; pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning; pruning time: pruning in autumn; pruning: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withering stage of vine leaves for pruning; pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans; pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without branch retaining. The seeds of the schisandra chinensis are cut in the spring sowing in the current year, the seeds are attached in the spring of the second year, the fruits of the schisandra chinensis are harvested for the first time in the third year, and then the cutting is carried out. Transplanting the seedlings in spring, attaching the seedlings in the current year, harvesting the schisandra fruits in autumn of the second year, and pruning. Transplanting seedlings in autumn requires attaching in spring of the second year, harvesting schisandra fruits for the first time in the third year, and then pruning. The adoption of the schisandra chinensis simplifies the pruning process, can reduce the labor amount and labor duration, reduces the occurrence of diseases and improves the production efficiency. Can cut branches efficiently and in a time-saving manner, and reduce economic loss caused by the occurrence of old branch diseases.
Drawings
In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis provided by the application.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following examples do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. But merely as exemplifications of systems and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as recited in the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis provided by the application is shown.
The application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, which specifically comprises the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state;
pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning;
pruning time: pruning in autumn;
pruning: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withering stage of vine leaves for pruning;
pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans;
pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without carrying out branch retaining.
Specifically, the seeds of the schisandra chinensis are pruned in the spring sowing in the current year, the seeds are attached in the spring of the second year, the fruits of the schisandra chinensis are harvested for the first time in the third year, and then pruning is carried out.
Specifically, transplanting seedlings in spring is carried out in the current year for attaching, and the schisandra fruits are harvested for the first time in autumn in the second year, and then pruning is carried out.
Specifically, seedling transplanting in autumn requires attaching in spring of the second year, harvesting fructus Schisandrae chinensis fruit for the first time of the third year, and then pruning.
Specifically, the attaching includes: when the twig of the schisandra chinensis grows to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra chinensis are led to be attached to the frame strips in a left-handed mode.
In practical application, the method is divided into three conditions of sowing and pruning of schisandra seeds, spring cultivation and pruning of schisandra seedlings and autumn cultivation of schisandra seedlings.
If the schisandra seeds are used for sowing, after the leaves of schisandra chinensis turn yellow and fall off in the 10 months of spring sowing, the overground parts of the vines are all trimmed from a position 10cm away from the ground, the field management is mainly carried out in the second year of spring sowing, and when the tender branches grow to 60-70 cm, the vines of schisandra chinensis are required to be attached to the frame strips in a clockwise (left-handed) mode, so that the plants grow upwards. When the leading is started, the steel wire can be fixed by a rope or an iron wire, and then the steel wire can be naturally wound on the frame. Harvesting the fruit of the Chinese magnoliavine fruit in spring sowing in the third autumn, and after the leaves of the Chinese magnoliavine fruit are yellow and fall off, completely reducing the overground part of the rattan of the Chinese magnoliavine fruit from a position 10cm away from the ground. And in the fourth spring sowing year, when the newly-sent tender stems grow to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra chinensis are led to the frame strips, the vines of the schisandra chinensis can be harvested again in the fifth spring sowing year, and then all the vines of the schisandra chinensis are cut off after each harvesting.
If the spring cultivation pruning of the schisandra chinensis seedlings is as follows: transplanting annual seedlings, and guiding vines of the schisandra chinensis to the frame strips when the shoots grow to 60-70 cm in the spring planting in the same year; harvesting the schisandra fruit in autumn of the next year after the cultivation in spring, and cutting off the vine stem of schisandra from 10cm above the ground after the leaves of schisandra become yellow and fall off. In spring planting in the third spring, when the twig of the schisandra chinensis grows to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra chinensis are attached to the frame strips; the schisandra fruit can be harvested again in the fourth year of spring planting, then the schisandra fruit is harvested once every two years, the overground part of the vine stem of the schisandra fruit is cut off after each harvest, and the vine vines of the schisandra fruit are led to the frame strips in the second year after the vine stems are cut off.
If the pruning of the schisandra chinensis seedlings in autumn is as follows: transplanting by using annual seedlings, planting in autumn and spring of the next year, and when the tender branches grow to 60-70 cm, attaching the vines of the schisandra chinensis to the frame strips to enable the plants to grow upwards. Harvesting the schisandra fruit in the third year of autumn, and after the schisandra fruit is harvested, cutting off the rattan of the schisandra from a position 10cm away from the ground after the leaves of the schisandra are all yellow and fall off. In the fourth autumn planting year, when the twig grows to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra are led to the frame strips, the fruits of the schisandra can be harvested in the fifth autumn planting year, after the leaves of the schisandra are yellow and fall off, the vines are cut off from 10cm above the ground, the fruits of the schisandra are harvested every two years, the overground parts of the vines of the schisandra are cut off after each harvesting, and the vines of the schisandra are led to the frame strips in the spring of the second year after the cutting off.
Examples
1. Survey on female flower rate of different node positions in two pruning modes
Experiments are carried out on the Yujuzhen town (N:41 degrees, 32 '15.01', E:122 degrees, 57 '09.74', altitude 52m) in Liaozhong district of Shenyang city, the schisandra chinensis selected in the experiments are annual schisandra chinensis seedlings, the seedlings are transplanted in 2016 spring, the experiments are divided into two large areas, one large area is pruned in a conventional pruning mode, the other large area is pruned in the simplified pruning mode provided by the application, the female flower rate of each section of the long bearing branches is investigated according to the pruning length of the bearing branches in different pruning modes in 2019, and the results are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of two pruning methods survey of female flower rate of each node of long branch
Investigation results show that the average total number of flowers on each node of long branches in two pruning modes is not large, but the change of the female flower rate of the conventional pruning is obvious, the female flower rate of the 5 th to 9 th nodes is 61.9 to 70.7%, and the female flower rate of the 1 st to 3 rd nodes is only 25 to 45.2%, so that for the rattan which is always subjected to the conventional pruning mode, the length of the rattan needs to be kept at 45 to 55cm for ensuring the 5 to 9 nodes; and the change of the female flower rate of the light simplified pruning is not obvious, and the female flower rate of 1-10 nodes is 46.7-61.1%, so that all nodes can be pruned when the vine is pruned by adopting the light simplified pruning mode, namely, the pruning is carried out at the position 10cm away from the ground from the bottom end of the stolon.
2. Fresh fruit yield experiment by two pruning modes
Experiments are selected in the Yueqin Tuozhen (N:41 degrees, 32 '15.01', E:122 degrees, 57 '09.74', altitude 52m) of the Liaozhong district in Shenyang city, the schisandra chinensis selected in the experiments are annual schisandra chinensis seedlings, the seedlings are transplanted in 2016 spring, the experiments are divided into two large areas, one large area is pruned in a conventional pruning mode, the other large area is pruned in the simplified pruning mode provided by the application, and the experiments are carried out in 2017 and 2019 aiming at the tree vigor, the illumination condition in a shelf and the fresh fruit yield of different pruning modes, and the results are detailed in a table 2.
TABLE 2 fresh fruit yield in two pruning modes
Although the pruning mode of the simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis provided by the application is to harvest once every two years, the fruit yield of schisandra chinensis harvested each time is higher than that of the conventional pruning mode. By adopting the schisandra chinensis pruning process, the average annual fruit yield is almost the same as that of a conventional pruning mode. The pruning mode is used for pruning once every two years, and the branches do not need to be manually selected during pruning, so that the stem base rot caused by old branches is reduced, and the pruning method is time-saving and labor-saving compared with the conventional pruning.
According to the technical scheme, the application provides a simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis, which comprises the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state; pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning; pruning time: pruning in autumn; pruning: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withered period of rattan leaves for pruning; pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans; pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without branch retaining. The seeds of the schisandra chinensis are pruned when sowed in spring, the seeds are attached in spring in the second year, and the fruits of the schisandra chinensis are harvested for the first time in the third year, and then pruned. Transplanting the seedlings in spring, attaching the seedlings in the current year, harvesting the schisandra fruits in autumn of the second year, and pruning. Transplanting seedlings in autumn requires attaching in spring of the second year, harvesting schisandra fruits for the first time in the third year, and then pruning. The adoption of the schisandra chinensis simplifies the pruning process, can reduce the labor amount and labor duration, reduces the occurrence of diseases and improves the production efficiency. Can cut branches efficiently and in a time-saving manner, and reduce economic loss caused by the occurrence of old branch diseases.
The embodiments provided in the present application are only a few examples of the general concept of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Any other embodiments extended according to the scheme of the present application without inventive efforts will be within the scope of protection of the present application for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. A simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis is characterized by specifically comprising the following steps: pruning period, pruning time, pruning stage, pruning position and pruning state;
pruning period: selecting the mature period of the schisandra fruit and then pruning;
pruning time: pruning in autumn;
pruning: selecting schisandra chinensis at the withering stage of vine leaves for pruning;
pruning positions: moving the shears from the bottom end of the stolons to 10cm away from the ground, and completely shearing off the upper rattans;
pruning state: and (4) cutting all the rattans without carrying out branch retaining.
2. The simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis according to claim 1, wherein the schisandra chinensis seeds are pruned in the current year after spring sowing, attached in the spring of the second year, and harvested for the first time in the third year, and then pruned.
3. The simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling of schisandra chinensis is transplanted in spring for guiding attachment in the current year, and the fruit of schisandra chinensis is harvested for the first time in autumn of the second year, and then pruning is performed.
4. The simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein transplantation of schisandra chinensis seedlings in autumn requires the introduction in spring of the second year, harvesting of schisandra chinensis fruits for the first time of the third year, and then pruning.
5. The simplified pruning process for schisandra chinensis according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the guiding comprises: when the twig of the schisandra chinensis grows to 60-70 cm, the vines of the schisandra chinensis are led to be attached to the frame strips in a left-handed mode.
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107197667A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of fructus schisandrae alternative pruning method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107197667A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-26 | 沈阳农业大学 | A kind of fructus schisandrae alternative pruning method |
Non-Patent Citations (7)
| Title |
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| "怎样给五味子剪枝?", 乡村科技, no. 09, pages 23 * |
| 于东霞等: "五味子创新栽培模式及栽培技术研究", 《新农业》, vol. 1, no. 8, pages 122 - 123 * |
| 于凤兰;韩卫华;: "怎样给五味子剪枝", 农民致富之友, no. 09, pages 25 * |
| 付俊范等: "《中草药栽培技术》", vol. 1, 30 September 2010, 东北大学出版社, pages: 210 * |
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