CN110892843A

CN110892843A - Method for cultivating pepper

Info

Publication number: CN110892843A
Application number: CN201911221961.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 韩克江
Original assignee: Wuchuan Autonomous County Huayuan Yinong Farmers' Professional Cooperative
Current assignee: Wuchuan Autonomous County Huayuan Yinong Farmers' Professional Cooperative
Priority date: 2019-12-03
Filing date: 2019-12-03
Publication date: 2020-03-20

Abstract

The application discloses a pepper cultivation method in the technical field of pepper planting, which comprises the following steps: cultivation of the rootstock: selecting wild pepper single plants which are grown for more than 15 years and have developed root systems, fast growth, drought and barren resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, collecting mature seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings as stocks according to the following method; and (3) cultivating scions: selecting excellent dwarf pepper plants with good fruit bearing, high yield and no diseases and pests when the trees are more than 10 years old, and collecting tender shoots on fruit branches as scion bud grafting; grafting: in the last ten days of 3 months, buds or branches on branches growing in the last year of bud grafting are used as scions to bud or branch on the stocks; cultivating superior seedlings of generation 2: according to the same process, a mother tree grown by the 1 st generation grafted seedlings is taken as a male parent, scion grafting buds are collected and grafted on a stock, the 2 nd generation seedlings are continuously cultivated, and the seedlings are transplanted out of a nursery and are planted. The scheme solves the problem that the pepper cultivated by the existing method is higher.

Description

Method for cultivating pepper

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pepper planting, in particular to a pepper cultivation method.

Background

The pepper is a multipurpose economic tree species integrating edible, oil, seasoning, medicinal and industrial purposes, and has wide market prospect. The pepper is an excellent variety of pepper, has the characteristics of large particles, pure and rich hemp taste, high oil content and the like, is an important seasoning and spice in the food and food industry, and is very suitable for cultivation in low hilly areas and semi-mountainous areas. The whole body of the Chinese prickly ash is precious, the wood of the Chinese prickly ash is typically light yellow, the color of the Chinese prickly ash is slightly dark yellow when the Chinese prickly ash is exposed in the air, the difference of the heart wood and the edge wood is not obvious, the wood part has a compact and uniform structure, the longitudinal section of the wood has silk luster, and the big wood has artistic value. The pericarp can be used as flavoring agent, and can be used for extracting aromatic oil, or used as medicine, and the seed can be used for edible use, or processed into soap. The pepper has developed root system and is resistant to drought and early, is a tree species for building drought economic forests, and has the advantages of fast growth, early fruiting and strong adaptability. The Chinese prickly ash is used as a traditional Chinese medicine and has the effects of warming the middle-jiao and promoting the circulation of qi, expelling cold, relieving pain, killing insects and the like. It is used to treat stomach and abdominal psychroalgia, emesis, diarrhea, schistosomiasis, ascariasis, etc.

However, the pepper tree is a thorny shrub or a small arbor, the picking of pepper fruits at high positions is very difficult, and the labor efficiency is very low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pepper cultivation method to solve the problem that pepper cultivated by the existing method is high.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating pepper comprises the following steps: cultivation of the rootstock: selecting wild pepper single plants which are grown for more than 15 years and have developed root systems, fast growth, drought and barren resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, collecting mature seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings as stocks according to the following method; and (3) cultivating scions: selecting excellent dwarf pepper plants with good fruit bearing, high yield and no diseases and pests when the trees are more than 10 years old, and collecting tender shoots on fruit branches as scion bud grafting; grafting: in the last ten days of 3 months, buds or branches on branches growing in the last year of bud grafting are used as scions to bud or branch on the stocks; cultivating superior seedlings of generation 2: according to the same process, a mother tree grown by the 1 st generation grafted seedlings is taken as a male parent, scion grafting buds are collected and grafted on a stock, the 2 nd generation seedlings are continuously cultivated, and the seedlings are transplanted out of a nursery and are planted.

The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method, excellent single plants with the altitude of a pepper introduction planting area being more than 10 years at the upper limit are preferably selected as scions, the seedlings of wild pepper with strong stress resistance and fast growth are used as stocks, the early fruiting and high yield of male parents are combined with the excellent characteristics of dwarfing, root development, fast growth, drought and lean resistance, strong disease and insect resistance and the like of female parents, and an improved grafting technology is matched to cultivate excellent pepper varieties with dwarfing, disease resistance, early fruiting, high yield, few skin prickles and fast growth, so that the planting range of pepper is expanded, the growth height of pepper trees is reduced, and pepper fruits are conveniently picked.

The optimization of the basic technical scheme is as follows:

further, the grafting method specifically comprises the following steps: the grafting is to cut off the upper half part of a stock seedling 5-6 cm away from the ground, vertically cut off the side of the section by a grafting knife, form a long cut surface with the length of about 25 mm, cut into a short cut surface with the length of 15 mm, namely, 1-2 healthy buds are reserved at the upper end of a scion, the long cut surface faces to the xylem of the stock and is directly inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the cambium of the stock and the cambium of the scion are aligned and matched, and finally, the stock and the cambium of the scion are bound tightly by a plastic film tape.

Further, the grafting height in the bud grafting step is 8-10 cm, and leaf thorns within 10 cm from the ground are removed. And the film is bound together with the flower buds, so that the flower buds are not exposed, and the moisture preservation, sun protection and cold protection are facilitated, thereby improving the grafting survival rate.

Detailed Description

The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:

example 1: a method for cultivating pepper comprises the following steps: cultivation of the rootstock: selecting wild pepper single plants which are grown for more than 15 years and have developed root systems, fast growth, drought and barren resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, collecting mature seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings as stocks according to the following method; and (3) cultivating scions: selecting excellent dwarf pepper plants with good fruit bearing, high yield and no diseases and pests when the trees are more than 10 years old, and collecting tender shoots on fruit branches as scion bud grafting; grafting: in the last ten days of 3 months, buds or branches on branches growing from the buds in the last year are used as scions to bud or branch on the stocks, and the branch grafting can be divided into subcutaneous grafting and cutting grafting, wherein the subcutaneous grafting is that firstly, the stocks are 6 cm high away from the ground, a smooth surface is selected, a grafting knife is used for cutting a T shape, then, a knife tip is used for slightly peeling off the skin of a cut, one side of the lower end of the scion with the length of 6 cm is selected to be cut into a large inclined plane with the length of about 25 mm, the other side of the scion with the length of about arrow head is slightly cut to be in the shape of arrow head, then, the cut scions are inserted into the cut of the stocks, the large inclined plane is tightly attached to the xylem, the cut surfaces of the scions are completely inserted into the cuts of the stocks; the cutting grafting is to cut off the upper half part of the stock seedling 5 cm away from the ground, vertically cut off the side of the section by a grafting knife, cut a long cutting surface with the length of about 25 mm, cut a short cutting surface with the length of 15 mm, namely 1 healthy bud is reserved at the upper end of the scion, the long cutting surface faces to the xylem of the stock, is directly inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the cambium of the stock and the cambium of the scion are aligned and matched, and finally, the stock and the cambium of the scion are tightly bound by a plastic film band; cultivating superior seedlings of generation 2: according to the same process, a mother tree grown by the 1 st generation grafted seedlings is taken as a male parent, scion grafting buds are collected and grafted on a stock, the 2 nd generation seedlings are continuously cultivated, and the seedlings are transplanted out of a nursery and are planted.

Example 2: a method for cultivating pepper comprises the following steps: cultivation of the rootstock: selecting wild pepper single plants which are grown for more than 15 years and have developed root systems, fast growth, drought and barren resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, collecting mature seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings as stocks according to the following method; and (3) cultivating scions: selecting excellent dwarf pepper plants with good fruit bearing, high yield and no diseases and pests when the trees are more than 10 years old, and collecting tender shoots on fruit branches as scion bud grafting; grafting: in the last ten days of 3 months, buds or branches on branches growing from the buds in the last year are used as scions to bud or branch on the stocks, the branch grafting can be divided into subcutaneous grafting and cutting grafting, the subcutaneous grafting is firstly carried out at the position 10 cm higher than the ground, a smooth surface is selected, a grafting knife is used for cutting a T shape, then the skin of a cut opening is slightly stripped by a knife tip, one side of the lower end of the scion with the length of 8 cm is selected to be cut into a large inclined plane with the length of about 25 mm, the other side of the scion is slightly cut into a knife shape, the cut scion is inserted into the cut opening of the stocks, the large inclined plane is tightly attached to the xylem, the cut surface of the scion is completely inserted into the cut opening of the stocks, and then the scion is bound by a plastic film belt; the cutting grafting is to cut off the upper half part of the stock seedling at a position 6 cm away from the ground, vertically cut off at the side deviated from the section by a grafting knife, cut a long cutting surface with the length of about 25 mm, cut a short cutting surface with the length of 15 mm, namely 2 healthy and strong buds are reserved at the upper end of the scion, the long cutting surface faces to the xylem of the stock, is directly inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the stock is aligned with the cambium of the scion, and finally, the stock is tightly bound by a plastic film band; cultivating superior seedlings of generation 2: according to the same process, a mother tree grown by the 1 st generation grafted seedlings is taken as a male parent, scion grafting buds are collected and grafted on a stock, the 2 nd generation seedlings are continuously cultivated, and the seedlings are transplanted out of a nursery and are planted.

The average heights of the peppers produced per mu obtained in five years after the peppers are planted in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are respectively 2.12m and 2.23 m, the yield per mu is respectively 56.2 jin and 54.8 jin, the average heights are much shorter than the average heights of 3-4 m of the peppers obtained by adopting a common cultivation method, the yield per mu is 55.1 jin, in conclusion, the heights obtained by the method are shorter than the heights obtained by the common cultivation method, but the yield per mu is not influenced.

Claims

1. The method for cultivating the pepper is characterized by comprising the following steps of: cultivation of the rootstock: selecting wild pepper single plants which are grown for more than 15 years and have developed root systems, fast growth, drought and barren resistance and strong disease and insect resistance, collecting mature seeds, and sowing and growing seedlings as stocks according to the following method; and (3) cultivating scions: selecting excellent dwarf pepper plants with good fruit bearing, high yield and no diseases and pests when the trees are more than 10 years old, and collecting tender shoots on fruit branches as scion bud grafting; grafting: in the last ten days of 3 months, buds or branches on branches growing in the last year of bud grafting are used as scions to bud or branch on the stocks; cultivating superior seedlings of generation 2: according to the same process, a mother tree grown by the 1 st generation grafted seedlings is taken as a male parent, scion grafting buds are collected and grafted on a stock, the 2 nd generation seedlings are continuously cultivated, and the seedlings are transplanted out of a nursery and are planted.

2. The method for cultivating pepper according to claim 1, wherein: the grafting method specifically comprises the following steps: the cutting grafting is to cut off the upper half part of the stock seedling 5-6 cm away from the ground, vertically cut off the side of the section by a grafting knife, form a long cut surface with the length of about 25 mm, cut into a short cut surface with the length of 15 mm, namely, 1-2 healthy buds are reserved at the upper end of the scion, the long cut surface faces to the xylem of the stock and is directly inserted into the cut of the stock, so that the stock is aligned and matched with the cambium of the scion, and finally, the stock is bound tightly by a plastic film band.

3. The method for cultivating pepper according to claim 2, wherein: the grafting height in the bud grafting step is 8-10 cm, and leaf thorns within 10 cm from the ground are removed.