CN103875434A - Cultivation method for cold resistant green prickleyash good strain - Google Patents
Cultivation method for cold resistant green prickleyash good strain Download PDFInfo
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- 241000949456 Zanthoxylum Species 0.000 title abstract 7
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008935 nutritious Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 244000089698 Zanthoxylum simulans Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009746 freeze damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000004417 Zanthoxylum alatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000949457 Zanthoxylum armatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for a cold resistant green prickleyash good strain. According to the method, a high-yield good single strain with years of low-temperature experience is taken as a scion (a male parent), a wild green prickleyash seed seedling which is resistant to cold, developed in root, rapid to grow, resistant to drought and infertility and high in disease and pest resistance is taken as a stock (a female parent), an improved grafting method is matched to cultivate the new cold resistant green prickleyash good strain, the new cold resistant green prickleyash good strain can endure low temperature of minus 7 DEG C-8 DEG C for three days continuously, the planting range can be expanded to the mountainous area with the altitude of 2000 meters, so that the planting range of green prickleyash is expanded remarkably, and the yield and disease-resistant capacity of the prickleyash are improved substantially.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation technology of economic forest, be specifically related to the breeding method of cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii new varieties.
Background technology
Chinese prickly ash is that collection is edible, the multipurpose economic tree of oil plant, seasoning, medicinal and industrial dual-purpose, and market prospects are wide.Pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii is the good kind in Chinese prickly ash, has particle large, and numb taste is pure, strong, and oil content high is important flavouring and the spices of diet, grocery trade, is very suitable for In The Low Mountain-hill Region and upper level cultivation.Pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii belongs to zanthoxylum armatum mutation, positive seeds, the climatic environment of happiness illumination and dry Wen Liang, drought-resistant, but not cold-resistant, be distributed in 17-18 ℃, annual rainfall 900-1300 millimeter, in mountain region sparse woods or spinney that 800 meters of height above sea level are following, the bank mountain area, Jinsha jiang River in what planting range was larger at present be Sichuan, Yunnan and Jiangjin, Chongqing, Fuling, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches, sun etc., was one of local local finance and increasing peasant income major source of revenues of getting rich.
In recent years, pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii is with the strongly fragrant local flavor of its special delicate fragrance fiber crops, and the dish mouth unique flavor of making, forms unique " pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii vegetable " series, favored by consumer, the development that has driven pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii research and produced, and cultivated area expansion is very fast.Take " Chinese pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii the first county " Jinyang County, Sichuan Province as example, existing 28 small towns plantation in whole county pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, 134 of villages specializing in a certain trade, nearly 90% the masses have planted pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, cultivated area reaches 550,000 mu throughout the year, 3,700,000 kilograms of output, 2.2 hundred million yuan of the output values, pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii plantation has become the mainstay industry that whole county increasing peasant income are got rich.In pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii plantation and extension process, freeze injury or winter low temperature become main limiting factor.Comparatively speaking, the planting range of pericarpium zanthoxyli bungeani can be from Plain to 2500 meter, but the planting range of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii generally can only be from Plain to 800 meter, this has limited the popularizing planting scope of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii greatly, along with the increase in demand of market to pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, promote developing rapidly of Chinese prickly ash industry, pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii is from the natural distribution district of two sides, Jinsha jiang River to depth mountain area, introduce a fine variety plantation from low height above sea level to high altitude localities, the highest height above sea level has expanded to 1700 meters.But, exceed the area plantation of 800 meters at height above sea level, usually face the threat of (as continued sleet and cold in the late spring etc.) of extreme low temperature in winter, especially at present global climate is abnormal, winter low temperature freeze injury becomes the key factor that affects pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii growth and output especially, not only affect the performance of existing pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii woods economic benefit, also restricted the expansion of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii planting range.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of breeding method of cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii improved seeds, take the high yield fine individual plant through low temperature experiences for many years as scion (male parent), to resist cold, well developed root system, growth is fast, drought-enduring impoverishment tolerant, the wild pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii seed seedling-raising that resistant to diseases and insects is strong is made stock (female parent), coordinate improved grafting and management method, cultivate the cold-resistant new varieties of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, can stand the low temperature of subzero 7-8 ℃ for three days on end, planting range can expand to the mountain area of 2000 meters of height above sea level, significantly expand the planting range of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, simultaneously, Chinese prickly ash output and disease resistance ability are also significantly increased.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of breeding method of cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii improved seeds, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) in pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii natural distribution district, select above cold-resistant, the well developed root system of life in 10 years, fast, the drought-enduring impoverishment tolerant of growth, wild pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii individual plant that resistant to diseases and insects is strong, gather mature seed, seeding and seedling raising is as stock (female parent) by the following method;
Seedling-cultivating method: gather mature seed in early October to early November, dry in the shade and abandon after cured matter processing, sow in nursery according to a conventional method, until height of seedling during to 10-15 centimetre, transplant to seedbed or pack the nutritious bag of 13 × 15 centimetres into by the seeding row spacings of 10 × 15 centimetres, cultivating and in the time that leading thread reaches 0.5-0.8 centimetre, can be used as graft stock;
(2) in 1700 meters of left and right of height above sea level, more than age of tree life in 10 years introducing a fine variety in pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii woods, select through multiple low-temperature experience, solid good, output is high, without the good pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii plant of damage by disease and insect, gather bud on fruit branch as scion (male parent);
(3) February early and middle ten days, gather scion, adopt the grafting of cut-grafting method.Concrete grammar is: select a more straight side at stock apart from ground 5-6 centimeters, cut out the otch of 1 1.5-2 centimetre with grafting knife downwards, stock upper inclined surface is excised simultaneously; Get 1 scion, cut off from below, bud right side 1.5-2 centimeters angle, the flat cutter of cutting in bud left side, then above bud, 0.5 centimeters angle cuts off, bud is inserted to stock otch, aim at and form layer, then tie up (noting not revealing bud) with grafting membrane together with bud, in the time that bud breakthrough grafting membrane out grows to 8-10 centimetre, inflorescence is extractd;
(4) when seedling to be grafted grows to 50-70 centimetre high, on the occasion of the rainy season of the 5-6 month, lifting goes out garden field planting, when field planting, by truncate nursery stock fixed dry, is highly 45-50 centimetre;
(5) by same flow process, the elite stand growing up to take 1st generation grafting is male parent, gathers scion grafting upper to stock (female parent), continues to cultivate 2nd generation nursery stock, and goes out garden field planting.
As preferably, the grafting height in step (3) is 5-6 centimetre, can effectively reduce like this workload of later stage bud picking; And tie up together with bud with grafting membrane, bud does not expose, be conducive to moisturizing, sun-proof and cold-proof, thereby improve graft survival rate.
The present invention introduces a fine variety the above fine individual plant of the height above sea level upper limit life in 10 years of growing area as scion by preferred pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, with strong stress resistance, grow the seed seedling-raising of fast wild pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii as stock, cold-resistant by male parent, early real, high yield and maternal well developed root system, growth is fast, drought-enduring impoverishment tolerant, resistant to diseases and insects waits by force good characteristic to combine, coordinate improved graft technology, cultivate cold-resistant, disease-resistant, early real, high yield, few and the fast good pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii kind of growing of prickle, expand the planting range of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii, reduce the impact of winter low temperature on Chinese prickly ash growth, effectively improve output.
From 2008 to 2014, inventor adopts said method, and in test site, Kunming, (1980 meters of height above sea level) has carried out Grafting Experiment for many years, obtained early few and fast good pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii individual plant 80 strains of growing of reality, high yield, prickle of cold-resistant, disease-resistant, high yield, wherein the good scion-seed tree of 1st generation and 2nd generation all withstood on December 15th, 2013 heavy snow and 16-18 day the extreme low temperature of subzero 7-8 ℃ for three days on end.
embodiment
(1) cultivation of stock (female parent).In pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii natural distribution district, select above cold-resistant, the well developed root system of life in 10 years, fast, the drought-enduring impoverishment tolerant of growth, wild pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii individual plant that resistant to diseases and insects is strong, gather mature seed, seeding and seedling raising is as stock (female parent) as follows;
Seedling-cultivating method: early October to early November gathers mature seed, dry in the shade and abandon after cured matter processing, sow in nursery according to a conventional method, until height of seedling during to 10-15 centimetre, transplant to seedbed or pack the nutritious bag of 13 × 15 centimetres into by the seeding row spacings of 10 × 15 centimetres, cultivating and in the time that leading thread reaches 0.5-0.8 centimetre, can be used as graft stock;
(2) cultivation of scion (male parent).The pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii growing area of 1700 meters of left and right of littoral height above sea level in Jinsha jiang River, more than age of tree life in 10 years, through multiple low-temperature experience, especially in the pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii woods preserving after southern freezing sleet disaster for 2008, select solid good, output is high, the good pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii plant of anosis worm, gathers bud on fruit branch as scion (male parent);
(3) grafting.February early and middle ten days, gather scion (80 ℃ of wax seals save backup or with adopt with), adopt the grafting of cut-grafting method.Detailed method is: select a more straight side at stock apart from ground 5-6 centimeters, by the excision of stock upper inclined surface, and cut out the otch of 1 1.5-2 centimetre downwards with grafting knife; Get 1 scion, cut off from below, bud right side 1.5-2 centimeters angle, the flat cutter of cutting in bud left side, then above bud, 0.5 centimeters angle cuts off, bud is inserted to stock otch, aim at and form layer, then tie up (noting not revealing bud) with grafting membrane together with bud, in the time that bud breakthrough grafting membrane grows to 8-10 centimeter length, inflorescence is extractd.Through scale Grafting Experiment, this method graft survival rate is more than 95%.And stock sprouting of lateral bud is less, in final-period management, the workload of bud picking reduces more than 50%;
(4) go out garden field planting.When seedling to be grafted grows to 50-70 centimetre high, on the occasion of the rainy season of the 5-6 month, lifting goes out garden field planting, when field planting, by truncate nursery stock fixed dry, is highly 45-50 centimetre;
(5) the good cultivating seedlings of 2nd generation.By same flow process, the elite stand growing up to take 1st generation grafting is male parent, gathers scion grafting upper to stock (female parent), continues to cultivate 2nd generation nursery stock, and goes out garden field planting.
Through measuring on the spot, the fine individual plant that adopts this method to cultivate, compares with female parent with its male parent, and tool has the following advantages:
(1) cold tolerance is strong, can adapt to higher height above sea level.The locality height above sea level of male parent scion is about 1700 meters, and cultivate new varieties be planted in 1980 meters, stood the low temperature of continuous 3 years, especially the heavy snow on December 15th, 2013 and 16-18 day the extreme low temperature of subzero 7-8 ℃ for three days on end.Compared with male parent, the height above sea level of new varieties plantation has improved approximately 300 meters;
(2) solid morning, output is high, and prickle is few.Grafting yields positive results on the 2nd year, within the 3rd year, enters high term, and survey and produce through scene, 3 years raw individual plant fresh pod yield 16.5-22.6 kilogram, meanwhile, the prickle quantity on limb reduces more than 50% than male parent, greatly reduces harvesting cost.And seedling needs the 4th year ability result, output is only 0.5 kilogram of every strain, and the two is compared, and new varieties fruiting period has shifted to an earlier date 2 years, has shifted to an earlier date 3 years the full bearing period, and the 33-45 that single plant yield is male parent doubly.Show through planting experiment: the cold-resistant new varieties of pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii that adopt this method to cultivate, height above sea level that not only can popularizing planting to 2000 meter, more than 800 meters, upgraded by the kind of the Chinese prickly ash growing area of low temperature effect for current height above sea level, also there is very important value.
Claims (2)
1. a breeding method for cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii improved seeds, is characterized in that particular content comprises:
The cultivation of stock (female parent): in pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii natural distribution district, select above cold-resistant, the well developed root system of life in 10 years, fast, the drought-enduring impoverishment tolerant of growth, wild pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii individual plant that resistant to diseases and insects is strong, gather mature seed, seeding and seedling raising is as stock (female parent) as follows;
Seedling-cultivating method: early October to early November gathers mature seed, dry in the shade and abandon after cured matter processing, sow in nursery according to a conventional method, until height of seedling during to 10-15 centimetre, transplant to seedbed or pack the nutritious bag of 13 × 15 centimetres into by the seeding row spacings of 10 × 15 centimetres, cultivating and in the time that leading thread reaches 0.5-0.8 centimetre, can be used as graft stock;
The cultivation of scion (male parent): the pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii growing area of 1700 meters of left and right of littoral height above sea level in Jinsha jiang River, more than age of tree life in 10 years, through multiple low-temperature experience, especially in the pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii woods preserving after southern freezing sleet disaster for 2008, select solid good, output is high, the good pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii plant of anosis worm, gathers bud on fruit branch as scion (male parent);
Grafting: February early and middle ten days, gather scion (80 ℃ of wax seals save backup or with adopt with), adopt the grafting of cut-grafting method;
Detailed method is: select a more straight side at stock apart from ground 5-6 centimeters, by the excision of stock upper inclined surface, and cut out the otch of 1 1.5-2 centimetre downwards with grafting knife; Get 1 scion, cut off from below, bud right side 1.5-2 centimeters angle, the flat cutter of cutting in bud left side, then above bud, 0.5 centimeters angle cuts off, bud is inserted to stock otch, aim at and form layer, then tie up (noting not revealing bud) with grafting membrane together with bud, in the time that bud breakthrough grafting membrane grows to 8-10 centimeter length, inflorescence is extractd;
Going out garden field planting: when seedling to be grafted grows to 50-70 centimetre high, on the occasion of the rainy season of the 5-6 month, lifting goes out garden field planting,, by truncate nursery stock fixed dry, is highly 45-50 centimetre when field planting;
The good cultivating seedlings of 2nd generation: by same flow process, the elite stand growing up to take 1st generation grafting is male parent, gathers scion grafting upper to stock (female parent), continues to cultivate 2nd generation nursery stock, and goes out garden field planting.
2. the breeding method of a kind of cold-resistant pericarpium zanthoxyli schinifolii improved seeds according to claim 1, is characterized in that as preferably, the grafting height in step (3) is 5-6 centimetre, can effectively reduce like this workload of later stage bud picking; And tie up together with bud with grafting membrane, bud does not expose, be conducive to moisturizing, sun-proof and cold-proof, thereby improve graft survival rate.
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| CN104115679A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-29 | 张巧琴 | Sichuan pepper seedling xylem bud grafting method |
| CN104186171A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-12-10 | 杨斯华 | Pepper dwarf thick planting pick-free high-yield planting method |
| CN104396580A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-11 | 周效文 | Cultivating method for northern cold-resistant citruses |
| CN106258747A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 文县科学技术局 | A kind of introduction and cultivation method of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli |
| CN109511396A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-26 | 攀枝花市璟亿农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash prevalent variety cultivation method |
| CN110612853A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2019-12-27 | 贵州土司农业发展有限公司 | Method for breeding pepper seedlings |
| CN110771419A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-11 | 永胜农康生物开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant green pepper fine variety |
| CN110892843A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-20 | 务川自治县花园益农种养农民专业合作社 | Method for cultivating pepper |
| CN111771602A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-16 | 遵义勇乐果蔬种植专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for pepper |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104115679A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-29 | 张巧琴 | Sichuan pepper seedling xylem bud grafting method |
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| CN109511396A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-26 | 攀枝花市璟亿农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of Chinese prickly ash prevalent variety cultivation method |
| CN110612853A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2019-12-27 | 贵州土司农业发展有限公司 | Method for breeding pepper seedlings |
| CN110771419A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-02-11 | 永胜农康生物开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant green pepper fine variety |
| CN110892843A (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-03-20 | 务川自治县花园益农种养农民专业合作社 | Method for cultivating pepper |
| CN111771602A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-10-16 | 遵义勇乐果蔬种植专业合作社 | Grafting cultivation method for pepper |
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