CN103340069A - Breeding method and planting method of shattering-free wild buckwheat variety - Google Patents
Breeding method and planting method of shattering-free wild buckwheat variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340069A CN103340069A CN2013102300307A CN201310230030A CN103340069A CN 103340069 A CN103340069 A CN 103340069A CN 2013102300307 A CN2013102300307 A CN 2013102300307A CN 201310230030 A CN201310230030 A CN 201310230030A CN 103340069 A CN103340069 A CN 103340069A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method and planting method of shattering-free wild buckwheat variety. Diploid perennial fagopyrum megaspartanium with a shattering rate smaller than 60% is selected to serve as a material, mutual hybridization is carried out on plants of the fagopyrum megaspartanium, and a variety with a shattering rate smaller than 20% is selected from offsprings after the hybridization to obtain the shattering-free wild buckwheat variety. According to the breeding method and planting method of the shattering-free wild buckwheat variety, cultivation cost is reduced by using a perennation characteristic, shattering-free type wild buckwheat plants are selected to form the new variety through breeding, domestication is carried out on the wild buckwheat which is wild to form a cultivation crop, and standardized cultivation and seed production are carried out. The shattering-free wild buckwheat variety is especially good in drought resistance, barren tolerance and lodging resistance, can be cultivated in barren mountains, covers soil to keep ecological balance, has multiple economic value, and is applicable to production such as vegetables, health protection tea, buckwheat seeds and buckwheat powder.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural sciences, especially a kind of selection of not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind and kind method for planting thereof.
Background technology
At present the kind of cultivation buckwheat be general buck wheat (sweet buckwheat,
Fagopyrum esculentumMoench) and bitter buckwheat (
Fagopyrum tataricumGartn.), all be to gather in the crops the annual herb plant that seed is main purpose.Its breeding time is short, can gather in the crops a season in general 2-4 month.But output is lower.Usually general buck wheat output is lower than 80Kg/mu, and bitter buckwheat is lower than 150kg/mu.And all needing to carry out planting seed per season, the cultivation cost is higher.
Perennial cymose buckwheat rhizome (
Fagopyrum cymosumComplex, the cymose buckwheat rhizome compound) be and the wild perennial buckwheat type of the nearest edge of cultivation buckwheat to be divided into three kinds: the big wild buckwheat of dliploid (
F. megaspartaniumQF.Chen), the wild buckwheat of dliploid hair (
F. pilusQF.Chen), the cymose buckwheat rhizome of allotetraploid (
F. cymosum).Some is similar to these three kinds on form, therefore usually is collectively referred to as the cymose buckwheat rhizome compound.Wherein the wild buckwheat of hair mainly is distributed in Tibet, and seed is little, and the cultivation value is low.The tetraploid cymose buckwheat rhizome is in great numbers inadequately, and seed is not full, though be difficult for shattering, value is low.Big wild buckwheat be distribute the most extensive, the big grain of seed, growth perennial type the most in great numbers, its rhizome is one of main traditional Chinese medicine, only utilizes its rhizome to be used for pharmacy in the production usually, does not utilize seed.And the cultivation buckwheat in the present production such as the nutritive value of its seed such as protein content.But the threshing especially easily of natural big wild buckwheat plant seed makes that the results of seed are very difficult.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: a kind of selection of not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind is provided and plants method for planting, it had both solved the problem that reduces the cultivation cost in the agricultural production, also solved the problem of big wild buckwheat seed shattering, thereby for brand-new cereal crops and seed production method thereof are provided in the agricultural production.
The present invention is achieved in that the not selection of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind, and the especially big wild buckwheat plant of cymose buckwheat rhizome wild resource is distributed widely on the south the Chinese the Yellow River wide geographic area such as Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang etc.And the local population of separate sources there is some difference on seed holding.Selecting the shattering rate for use is material less than 60% the perennial big wild buckwheat of dliploid, make phase mutual cross between the big wild buckwheat plant, its offspring colony can isolate the shattering rate less than 20%, plant type and the high plant of single plant yield, these plant are expanded numerous not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind that namely obtains through isolating.
The kind method for planting of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not, with the seed of above-mentioned not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind through 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution 50 ℃ of following water-baths 30 minutes, sow by spacing 30～50cm again; Or employing sections method for quickly breeding, before cymose buckwheat rhizome seedling stage or full-bloom stage, the stem stalk is cut into the stem section of 2-3 joint of band, biology is up upper, preparation 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution, with clean gauze after 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution soak, be laid on the porcelain dish, to soak the cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section of spending the night through 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution is put on the above-mentioned gauze, cover same moistening gauze again, the joint of each cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section upper exposes, and covers with film or disk cover and preserves moisture, and the next joint of cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section can bear fibrous root after 3～5 days, upper joint forms sprouting, can transplant the land for growing field crops after 6～8 days, require when transplanting the land for growing field crops to water normal root water, and keep the moisture supply in 1 week; Insect protected diseases prevention during the cultivation in the maturing stage, is treated can begin results after fruit more than 90% becomes ripe color.
Because this cymose buckwheat rhizome is from wild-type buckwheat, its seed has very strong dormancy, uses seminal propagation, must carry out vernalization and handle, by testing discovery 100ppm Gibberellins solution (920 on the market) or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution 60 ℃ of following water-baths 30 minutes, can eliminate seed dormancy.
Generally not needing a lot of management after the field production, mainly is insect protected diseases prevention problem.The main insect pest of cymose buckwheat rhizome is lepidopterous insects, and main disease is rust, the less generation of most cases.
Results can adopt mechanized harvest, also can adopt the hand harvest, dry the back and pat threshing.The gained seed can equally with general cultivation buckwheat shell into buckwheat rice or make the food of deriving of buckwheat rice.
The cycle that the present invention carries out buckwheat seed production is namely 1 year 1 year season to gather in the crops seed once, also can gather in the crops 2 times in 1 year, need not to sow again since the 2nd year, its perennial rhizome can be grown voluntarily up to seed maturity and results, therefore cultivating cost is down to minimum, because the cymose buckwheat rhizome rhizome can only can survive the winter on the south the Yellow River, this method is suitable for each provinces and regions on the south the Yellow River, should be noted that when using in area that can not safe overwintering and carries out antifreeze processing.
Because adopted above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention to utilize perennial characteristic to reduce the cultivation cost, new varieties are bred in seed selection not shattering type cymose buckwheat rhizome plant, and wild cymose buckwheat rhizome is tamed into raise crop, and carry out standardized cultivation and seed production.The present invention need not later on to sow again after cultivation for the first time, and annual need be carried out simple Routine Management and can obtain suitable seed production with results.Because shattering can not gathered in the crops seed, can make buckwheat rice, buckwheat powder and various buckwheat foods thus; Can win the tender point of stem stalk during seedling stage and do the vegetables use; Its tender leaf and inflorescence are rich in Flavonoid substances can be made into leaf tea, jasmine tea; Its root can be made cymose buckwheat rhizome root medicine materical crude slice, and purposes is many and extensive.The special drought resisting of not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind of the present invention is barren-resistant and resistant to lodging, can be used for the deserted mountain cultivation, and both mulching soil was kept ecological balance, and multiple economic worth is arranged again.
Embodiment
Embodiments of the invention 1: the selection of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not, at first from Guizhou, open-air a large amount of big wild buckwheat different plants and the population of gathering in ground such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Hunan, Guangxi, Tibet, Qinghai, Chongqing, under condition of similarity, cultivate, relatively the seed holding degree of different plants.Finally choose the shattering rate less than 60% the perennial big wild buckwheat of dliploid, in a plot, allow it carry out sexual hybridization pollination and solid under natural hybrization or the Artificial Control plant culture chosen; To hybridize the offspring who obtains again and cultivate a bigger plot, and form the above segregation population of strains up to ten thousand, and therefrom select economical character better, the higher and shattering rate of yield potentiality is less than 20% plant, and it is transplanted to a plot that comparatively isolates; These plant again the seeds cultivation to of tying a new isolation plot, its offspring eliminated Failure to thrive is contained, the bad plant of plant type, continuous about 2 years, proterties was more consistent up to colony, yielding ability better till, namely become not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind.
Embodiments of the invention 2: the kind method for planting of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not: seeds cultivation method.Sowing for the first time can will be cleaned rural area, whole ground earlier, draw case after the late frost in spring finish according to a conventional method.The width of case can arrange according to the preference of oneself, mainly is to be convenient to results get final product.If any the requirement of mechanized harvests such as combine, can arrange by corresponding job requirements, reserve the track of combine wheel walking between the case.Adopt row to broadcast line space 30-50cm in the case.Seed demand, is sowed by spacing 30-50cm to eliminate seed dormancy through 60 ℃ of water-baths of 100ppm gibberellin (920 on the market) solution 30 minutes again; Generally not needing a lot of management after the field production, mainly is insect protected diseases prevention problem, and the main insect pest of cymose buckwheat rhizome is lepidopterous insects, and main disease is rust, the less generation of most cases; (3) florescence promotes the measure of output: cymose buckwheat rhizome is heterostylous insect pollination plant, and the florescence is if can put the output that honeybee can bigger raising cymose buckwheat rhizome; (4) results: under above-mentioned cultivation, general summer or fall flowering and result, treat to begin results fruit becomes ripe color more than 90% after, can adopt the combine mechanized harvest, also can the hand harvest, dry the back and pat threshing, the gained seed can equally with general cultivation buckwheat shell into buckwheat rice or make the food of deriving of buckwheat rice.
Embodiment 3: the kind method for planting of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not: with the stem section method for transplanting that roots.Before cymose buckwheat rhizome seedling stage or full-bloom stage, the stem stalk is cut into the stem section of 2-3 joint of band, biology is up upper, preparation 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution, with clean gauze after 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution soaks, be laid on the porcelain dish, to be put on the above-mentioned gauze through the cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section that 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution spends the night, cover same moistening gauze again, the joint of each cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section upper exposes, and covers to keep humidity with film or disk cover again, reduce moisture loss, can bear fibrous root in following 3 days the next joints of cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section of 25 degree, and upper joint sends sprouting, can transplant the land for growing field crops about 7 days; Require when transplanting the land for growing field crops to water normal root water, and keep the moisture supply in 1 week.Insect protected diseases prevention during the cultivation behind the result, is treated can begin results after fruit more than 90% becomes ripe color.
Embodiment 4: the kind method for planting of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not: divide the pocket method for transplanting.Cymose buckwheat rhizome has perennial rhizome that expands, on many buds and a lot of fibrous roots are arranged, this rhizome is cut into the some fritters that have bud and fibrous root, transplant according to the method for embodiment 3.Insect protected diseases prevention during the cultivation behind the result, is treated can begin results after fruit more than 90% becomes ripe color.
Claims (2)
1. selection of shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind not, it is characterized in that: selecting the shattering rate for use is material less than 60% the perennial big wild buckwheat of dliploid, make phase mutual cross between its plant, from the offspring of hybridization, select the shattering rate less than 20% kind, namely obtain not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind.
2. the kind method for planting of a not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the seed of above-mentioned not shattering cymose buckwheat rhizome kind is passed through the 100ppm Gibberellins solution 50 ℃ of following water-baths 30 minutes, sow by spacing 30～50cm; Or employing sections method for quickly breeding, before cymose buckwheat rhizome seedling stage or full-bloom stage, the stem stalk is cut into the stem section of 2-3 joint of band, biology is up upper, preparation 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution, with clean gauze after 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution soak, be laid on the porcelain dish, to soak the cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section of spending the night through 100ppm Gibberellins solution or 80ppm indolebutyric acid solution is put on the above-mentioned gauze, cover same moistening gauze again, the joint of each cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section upper exposes, and covers with film or disk cover and preserves moisture, and the next joint of cymose buckwheat rhizome stem section can bear fibrous root after 3～5 days, upper joint forms sprouting, can transplant the land for growing field crops after 6～8 days, require when transplanting the land for growing field crops to water normal root water, and keep the moisture supply in 1 week; Insect protected diseases prevention during the cultivation in the maturing stage, is treated can begin results after fruit more than 90% becomes ripe color.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109526729A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 毕节市七星关区科技办公室(毕节市七星关区知识产权局) | A kind of cymose buckwheat rhizome plantation more conveniently breed breeding method |
| CN110352849A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of selection of not shattering dandelion strain |
| CN111480570A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-04 | 贵州师范大学 | Crossbreeding method between wild buckwheat rhizome and tartary buckwheat rhizome and application |
| CN112385539A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-23 | 贵州师范大学 | Breeding method of early-maturing high-quality black rice buckwheat without cracking shells |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109526729A (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2019-03-29 | 毕节市七星关区科技办公室(毕节市七星关区知识产权局) | A kind of cymose buckwheat rhizome plantation more conveniently breed breeding method |
| CN110352849A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of selection of not shattering dandelion strain |
| CN110352849B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2022-05-10 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding method of non-falling dandelion strain |
| CN111480570A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-04 | 贵州师范大学 | Crossbreeding method between wild buckwheat rhizome and tartary buckwheat rhizome and application |
| CN112385539A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-23 | 贵州师范大学 | Breeding method of early-maturing high-quality black rice buckwheat without cracking shells |
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| CN103340069B (en) | 2018-11-02 |
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Effective date of registration: 20181226 Address after: 550025 Room B413, 3rd floor, University Science Park, Baiyun District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 36 Baiyun Avenue North Section, Baiyun District, Guizhou Normal University Patentee after: The precious Science and Technology Ltd. of Guizhou Province's buckwheat four Address before: 550002 Biliyuan District C02-901, No. 59 Guanshui Road, Nanming District, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province Patentee before: Chen Qingfu |
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