CN103718950A - Method for breeding first generation of hybrid of tillered-onion - Google Patents
Method for breeding first generation of hybrid of tillered-onion Download PDFInfo
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- CN103718950A CN103718950A CN201410003965.6A CN201410003965A CN103718950A CN 103718950 A CN103718950 A CN 103718950A CN 201410003965 A CN201410003965 A CN 201410003965A CN 103718950 A CN103718950 A CN 103718950A
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding first generation of hybrid of tillered-onion. According to the key technology, a sterile line and a selfing line which accord with the breeding objective are selected through multi-generation artificial selfing, segregation of characters and individual plant selection on the basis of widely collecting high-quality farm variety of tillered-onion. According to the requirement of the breeding objective, a two-line hybrid breeding technology is adopted, and a high-yield combination of the tillered-onion with strong advantages is matched. The novel variety of the tillered-onion is a first generation of hybrid formed by hybridizing by taking a male sterile line MF02-1-53A as a female parent and taking a selfing line WMF01-10-07-542C as a male parent. Compared with a local farm variety, the variety has the advantages that the chlorisis is delayed by about 7 days; the disease resistance is high, and the rotten onion incidence is low; the average output is 2591kg in every 667square meters, and the yield is increased by 17.5 percent compared with that of the reference farm variety. The variety is low-temperature-resistant, is suitable for growth under medium and short day conditions, enters lodging and dormancy states under long day and high temperature conditions, has the growth period being about 130 days and is suitable for cultivation in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and Inner Mongolia of China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to onion heterosis utilization technical field, relate to a kind of selection of the tillered-onion first generation of hybrid.
Background technology
Tillered-onion (
allium cepavar.
agrogatumdon.) be Liliaceae allium, be commonly called as a mao green onion, traditionally with farm variety in Heilungkiang, the ground such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and Inner Mongol extensively cultivates.Tillered-onion is cold-resistant, strong adaptability, and high yield, resistance to storage, market supply phase are long, are the special vegetables that a kind of economic worth is higher.Tillered-onion is nutritious, except containing protein, carbohydrate, vitamin, also contains the several mineral materials such as iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, selenium and has the volatile sulfur compounds of special hot taste, wherein allyl sulfides [(CH
2cHCH
2)
2s] there is very strong excitant, can improve a poor appetite, appetite-stimulating indigestion-relieving.Tillered-onion can be given birth to ripe dual-purpose, also can be processed into dehydrated vegetable, especially as the flavouring of instant noodles, is used in a large number.Tillered-onion, except having higher edibility, also has certain medical value.Its taste is sweet micro-pungent, warm in nature, can promote appetite and treatment various diseases.There is the function of flat liver, tune intestines; Can reduce thrombus, reducing blood lipid, hypotensive, anti arteriosclerosis; Can also sterilization, treatment dysentery, skin ulcer and Trichomonas vaginalis; And there is certain anti-cancer and kill cancer action.Tillered-onion is one of vegetable species of liking of people, in Harbin, there is sale the domestic various places such as Beijing, Guangzhou.Since the nineties in latter stage in last century, tillered-onion exports the countries in Southeast Asia such as Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippine in a large number, also the surrounding countries that export to the northeast such as Japan, Korea S, Russia, cultivated area increases year by year in recent years, has become a kind of important foreign exchange earning vegetables.
The little bolting of tillered-onion blossoms and bears fruit, and produces and can only carry out vegetative propagation with the raw clove of tiller.Carry out for a long time vegetative propagation, cause a kind of virus to infect separately or the caused virus disease of several viral Combined Infections very serious.After plant is susceptible, a little less than growth potential, plant is short and small, the minimizing of tillering; Onion is degenerated and is diminished, and causes yield and quality significantly to reduce, and has brought grievous injury to productive consumption and foreign exchange earning.In addition, vegetative propagation has increased planting cost.Every mu of need of vegetative propagation approximately 150 kg kind onions, account for production cost larger, also will preserve and survive the winter, need facility and manually strengthened again production cost, and through the storage of long period, the damage amount causing because of rotten green onion is larger, final every mu reaches 300～800 yuan with kind of a cost.
Compared with vegetative propagation, the crossbreed virus disease of can protecting from infection, significantly improves output, quality and commodity rate.The Bejo company of Holland is that first successfully uses the seeds company of half-blood seminal propagation tillered-onion in the world, but the tillered-onion crossbreed of import is expensive, is not suitable for the current productivity development level of China.In view of the obstruction that domestic and international market and the vegetative propagation of tillered-onion expanding day bring to production, cultivate domestic tillered-onion half-blood new varieties, controlling provenance production is the basic road addressing this problem.The present invention is investigating in a large number, is collecting, is screening on the basis of domestic and international tillered-onion germ plasm resource, by artificial pressure selfing, separation, select tillered-onion male sterile line and inbred line, further group gas-mixing screening goes out good hybrid combination, in China, has been bred as first tillered-onion F
1for kind, new varieties are adapted at the provinces and regions plantations such as Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and the Inner Mongol.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the half-blooded selection of a kind of tillered-onion, its key technology is extensively to collect on the basis of the good farm variety of tillered-onion, by how to select for artificial autocopulation, proterties separation, individual plant the male sterile line and the inbred line that meet breeding objective.According to the requirement of breeding objective, adopt two to be crossbreeding technology, the tillered-onion High yield combination of the strong advantage of assembly again.Breeding objective of the present invention is that to cultivate disease resistance strong, and the chlorisis phase is delayed, and tiller number variation amplitude is little, and single ball quality is large, and the overall target such as color, spherical, hardness is better than the tillered-onion new varieties of local farm variety.The half-blood new varieties that this method is bred as are more low temperature resistant, in being suitable for, the growth of short day condition, under long day, hot conditions, enter lodging, dormancy, approximately 130 days breeding times, suitable in Heilungkiang, the ground such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and the Inner Mongol cultivates.Delay and approximately reach about 7 days with local its chlorisis of farm variety comparison; Disease resistance is strong, and the rotten green onion incidence of disease is low; Color of the leather aubergine, quality is harder, and closing in is good; 2～5 of individual plant tiller numbers, single bulb average diameter 3.6 cm, high 3.9 cm, quality 14 g; Every 667 m of average yield
2be 2 591 kg, than contrast farm variety volume increase 17.5%.
Content key technology of the present invention is as follows:
In order to reach object of the present invention, seed selection tillered-onion F
1for the maternal material of the male sterile line of crossbreed:
From a large amount of local tillered-onion farm variety resource of collecting, select bolting plant, by selfing separation, individual plant, select to be bred as.According to breeding objective, select the individual plant that chlorisis is delayed, disease-resistant, single bulb is large, spherical ball look good, through inbreeding of more generation, separate and select, obtain the strain that multiple proterties are good.After target economic characters are stable, therefrom select sterile individual plant, be bred as tillered-onion male sterile line, selected good male sterile line is as F
1for the maternal material of crossbreed.Male sterile line carries out vegetative propagation with clove.
In order to reach object of the present invention, by selfing isolation and selection, go out the male parent material that proterties is good:
From a large amount of kinds of collecting both at home and abroad, by relatively experiment in cultivation, first according to breeding objective, filter out basic material, then through inbreeding of more generation, isolation and selection, go out the upper stable excellent inbred line of heredity, last and male sterile line is hybridized, through coordinate force test, therefrom select optimum hybrid combination, the inbred line of this optimum hybrid combination is just as F
1for the male parent material of crossbreed.
In order to reach object of the present invention, the present invention proposes following hybridization technique scheme:
Adopt two to be crossbreeding technology, group mode is " male sterile line × male parent system ", according to breeding objective, combination is carried out to general combining ability mensuration, bolting, the chlorisis of combination are delayed the Comprehensive Traits such as number of days, stooling, single ball size and quality, spherical and color, closing in, compactibility, disease resistance simultaneously and compared analysis, the tillered-onion of the strong advantage of assembly is disease-resistant, High yield combination, as new varieties.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the Breeding Process of tillered-onion new varieties " pearl green onion No. 5 ", illustrate essentiality content of the present invention.
1, material
Tillered-onion new varieties " pearl green onion No. 5 " are take male sterile line MF02-1-53A as maternal, and inbred line WMF01-10-07-542C is the half-blood that paternal hybrid is bred as.
2, maternal source and properties and characteristics thereof
Maternal MF02-1-53A is derived from the local tillered-onion farm variety in Acheng, Heilungkiang, by selfing separation, individual plant, selects to be bred as.In field, select that bolting is bloomed, eugonic plant, bouquet bagging carries out selfing, artificial supplementary pollination 5 times, results individual plant selfing seed.Second Year booth is sowed in spring and is grown seedlings, and transplant on land, and the lodging phase is carried out individual plant selection to bulb.3～5 of the bulb numbers of selecting that chlorisis is delayed, individual plant is tillered, single bulb diameter 3.5 cm are above, quality 14 g are above, aubergine, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, by individual plant packing, preserve.Through the continuous selfing separation of 5 generations, individual plant, select and proterties purification, proterties tends towards stability.The offspring that calendar year 2001 separates from selfing, find sterile plant, gather in the crops its clove, adopt the method expanding propagation of vegetative propagation breeding, keep sterile proterties and other merit, be bred as sterile strain, name as MF02-1-53A.The sterile the Characters of tillered-onion male sterile line MF02-1-53A is stable, and sterile plant rate and sterile little Hua ratio all reach 100%; The lodging phase still keeps green; Plant height can reach 45 cm, dark green leaf color, and average 2.8 cm of single bulb diameter, high 3.4 cm, quality 11 g, aubergine, tiller number is 2～6, average 3.4; The incidence of disease of virus disease, purple spot, gray mold declines to a great extent, respectively lower by 35.50% than original farm variety, 10.06% and 21.72%, the rotten green onion incidence of disease reduces more than 35%.Find sterile strain then, with the pollen of the tillered-onion inbred line selecting, it is pollinated, obtained first generation of hybrid seed.
3, male parent source and properties and characteristics thereof
Male parent WMF01-10-07-542C is derived from the local tillered-onion farm variety of Zhuanghe, Liaoning Province, and selection list ball average quality is 72 parts of more than 15 g purple leather materials, and concentrated subregion is planted.In the plant blooming at bolting, select eugonic individual plant bagging selfing to collect seed, artificial supplementary pollination 5 times.The individual plant selfing seed Second Year booth of results is sowed in spring and is grown seedlings, transplant on land.Bulb results time are carried out individual plant selection, select that leaf look chlorisis is delayed, 2～5 of individual plant tiller numbers, single bulb diameter 3.5 cm are above, quality 15 g are above, aubergine, without the plant of damage by disease and insect, individual plant pack is preserved.Continuous 5 generations bagging artificial pollination selfing, individual plant are selected, calendar year 2001 is isolated average 3.0 cm of single bulb diameter, high 3.4 cm, quality 12 g, aubergine, more disease-resistant stable inbred line, names as WMF01-10-07-542C, takes individual plant to select, is that the method that interior mixing is collected seed is bred it.
4, assembly and selection
Tillered-onion new varieties " pearl green onion No. 5 " are take male sterile line MF02-1-53A as maternal, inbred line WMF01-10-07-542C is the half-blood that paternal hybrid is bred as, group mode is " MF02-1-53A × WMF01-10-07-542C ", and male sterile line MF02-1-53A gathers in the crops its clove vegetative propagation.Since 2002, carry out assembly with the sterile strain of tillered-onion of separate sources and fertile plant system, combination was carried out to general combining ability mensuration in 2003, the Comprehensive Traits such as bolting, stooling, single ball size and the quality to combination, spherical and color, closing in, compactibility, disease resistance compares analysis simultaneously, result combination MF02-1-53A × WMF01-10-07-542C has outstanding performance, and names as " pearl green onion No. 5 ".2004-2005 has carried out varietal yield test, and 2006-2007 has carried out regional test, and 2008-2009 has carried out production test.So far, tillered-onion half-blood " pearl green onion No. 5 " in Heilungkiang, the ground accumulative total area under cultivation such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong reached 110 hm
2.
5, varietal character feature
The more low temperature resistant condition of tillered-onion half-blood " pearl green onion No. 5 ", cauline leaf growth preference temperature is 12～16 ℃, 11.5 hours with upper, short day condition under, after 16～18 ℃ of temperature of leaf primordium induction, bulb starts to expand, high temperature causes the dormancy that lodges, approximately 130 days breeding times, suitable in Heilungkiang, the ground cultivation such as Jilin, Liaoning, Shandong and the Inner Mongol; Leaf look dark green, average plant height 45cm; Still be part green after lodging mid-July, delays and approximately reach about 7 days with local its chlorisis of farm variety comparison; 2～5 of individual plant tiller numbers, single bulb average diameter 3.6 cm, high 3.9 cm, quality 14 g; Color of the leather aubergine, quality is harder, and closing in is good, has higher commodity; Field resistance is strong, viral diseases, purple spot and gray mold, and the rotten green onion incidence of disease is low; Thousand quality 3.8 g of seed, germination and emergence is very fast, and seedling growth is vigorous; Yielding ability is good, every 667 m of average yield of continuous two years 3 production test points of 2008-2009
2be 2 591 kg, than contrast farm variety volume increase 17.5%.Storage tolerance, can preserve February in next year under normal temperature laboratory environmental condition, under 5 ℃ of cryogenic conditions, can preserve not rudiment in April in next year." pearl green onion No. 5 " tiller number is obviously less than local farm variety, and single ball is heavy higher than farm variety, spherical good, is suitable for outlet.
6, with local farm variety comparison
" pearl green onion No. 5 " delayed and approximately reaches about 7 days than local farm variety chlorisis; Field resistance is strong, viral diseases, purple spot and gray mold, and the rotten green onion incidence of disease is low; Tiller number is obviously less than local farm variety, 2～5 of individual plant tiller numbers; Single ball is heavy higher than farm variety, single bulb average diameter 3.6 cm, high 3.9 cm, quality 14 g; Spherical good, there is higher commodity, be suitable for outlet; Every 667 m of average yield of continuous two years 3 production test points of 2008-2009
2be 2 591kg, than contrast farm variety volume increase 17.5%.
7, the specificity of kind, uniformity and stability
The specificity outstanding behaviours of tillered-onion new varieties " pearl green onion No. 5 " is being delayed and is approximately being reached about 7 days with local its chlorisis of farm variety comparison, and the rotten green onion incidence of disease is low; Uniformity shows as colony's Other Main Agronomic Characters neat and consistent, and individual plant tillering number range of variation narrows compared with farm variety, and onion size is more even; Stability shows as since two thousand three varietal yield test, regional test and the production test through for years, and this kind can keep the genetic stability of its peculiar proterties.
8, culture technique main points
Tillered-onion half-blood " pearl green onion No. 5 " in Heilungkiang, the Jilin Area mode that can adopt raise seedling in greenhouse, land to transplant plants.Sowing suitable time is late Febuary-early March, seedling age approximately 60 days, and the transplant planting phase is the first tenday period of a month in late April-May.Cultivate strong sprout, height of seedling 20～25 cm, 3 leaves of tool, thick 0.3～0.4 cm of false stem, 13, fibrous root.Fibrous root is cut and is stayed 3 cm long, often ties up 100 strains, is stained with phosphorus element activator to promote slow seedling before cultivation.Every 667 m in production field
2base manure amount of application is farmyard manure 2 t that become thoroughly decomposed and ferment, two ammonium 20 kg, urea 5 kg, potassium sulfate 5 kg.High bedding cultivation, wide 100 cm of furrow, high 20 cm, line-spacing 13 cm, spacing in the rows 8 cm, about field planting 45 000 strains.Before seedling or postemergence application weed killer herbicide execute field and mend, every 667 m
2with 33% missible oil 150 ml, being watered 75 kg sprays.Also can with promotion bulb, expand by covering film.According to damage caused by a drought, irrigate, need pour water whole breeding time 3～5 times.Enter rainy season and strengthen weeding operation, with 12.5%, take and flutter clean 100 ml and be watered 30 kg sprayings and prevent and kill off barnyard grass, the many plot of broadleaved herb can with 24% Oxyfluorfen (if so) 400 times of liquid spray.The extermination of disease and insect pest, 800 times of liquid aqueous matrine solutions of spraying in every 7～10 days, to prevent and treat Liriomyza; 800 times of liquid 50% carbendazim of bulb expanding stage spraying or 65% mancozeb, to prevent and treat gray mold.Growing to mid-July, is best harvest time while having 60% leaf pipe chlorosis after plant lodging.Play after green onion the high furrow airing of lay 2～3 days, after leaf-cutting, classification packs mesh bag into, is placed in the dry painted processing of ventilation shading place.
Claims (4)
1. a selection for the tillered-onion first generation of hybrid, is characterized in that: utilize male sterile line " MF02-1-53A " and the inbred line " WMF01-10-07-542C " of seed selection, as F
1for hybrid parents material, adopt two to be crossbreeding technology, according to the requirement of breeding objective, the tillered-onion High yield combination of the strong advantage of assembly, group mode is " MF02-1-53A × WMF01-10-07-542C ".
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: compared with farm variety, tillered-onion first generation of hybrid chlorisis is delayed and approximately reached about 7 days, and the rotten green onion incidence of disease is low, and yielding ability and commodity are higher.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: male sterile line " MF02-1-53A " is derived from the tillered-onion farm variety in Acheng, Heilungkiang, by selfing separation, individual plant, select to be bred as, its sterile plant rate and sterile little Hua ratio all reach 100%, chlorisis is delayed, disease-resistant, the clove of planting breeding.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: inbred line " WMF01-10-07-542C " is derived from the local tillered-onion farm variety of Heilungkiang Ning'an, by selfing separation, individual plant, select to be bred as, its leaf look chlorisis delays, disease-resistant, 2～5 of tiller numbers, ball weigh 12 g, and coordinate force is strong.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593302A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-19 | 平顶山市农业科学院 | A kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process |
| CN112075337A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-15 | 上海蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of hybrid onions for bolting |
-
2014
- 2014-01-06 CN CN201410003965.6A patent/CN103718950A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
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| 王永勤等: "葱蒜类蔬菜种质资源创新研究进展", 《中国蔬菜》 * |
| 马有会等: "分蘖洋葱新品种珠葱1号", 《中国蔬菜》 * |
| 马有会等: "分蘖洋葱新品种珠葱1号的选育", 《中国蔬菜》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107593302A (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-01-19 | 平顶山市农业科学院 | A kind of method accelerated New variety of leek and cultivate process |
| CN107593302B (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2019-09-13 | 平顶山市农业科学院 | A method of accelerating New variety of leek and cultivates process |
| CN112075337A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-15 | 上海蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of hybrid onions for bolting |
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Application publication date: 20140416 |