CN112075337A

CN112075337A - Breeding method of hybrid onions for bolting

Info

Publication number: CN112075337A
Application number: CN202010796760.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张仕林; 沈若刚; 郏颖杰
Original assignee: Shanghai Wells Seed Co ltd; Shanghai Vegetable Research Institute
Current assignee: Shanghai Wells Seed Co ltd; Shanghai Vegetable Research Institute
Priority date: 2020-08-10
Filing date: 2020-08-10
Publication date: 2020-12-15

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for breeding hybrid onions for bolting, which comprises the following steps: 1) female parent and breeding and propagation maintenance: directional system breeding is carried out, and the selection standard is that the length of the pseudostem is more than 25cm, and the pseudostem is not easy to fall down; after the three generations of purification and breeding which consumes 6 years, carrying out small-area mixed seed reservation, named as R02E, searching a male sterile plant of R02E, carrying out one-to-one single plant bagging backcross with a homologous fertile plant thereof, after the four generations of system backcross, selecting a sterile line with the male sterility rate of more than 99.9 percent as a female parent, named as R02E-A, and a corresponding maintainer line thereof named as R02E-B; 2) and (3) breeding and expanding propagation of male parents: adopting a late sowing directional system to breed materials easy to bolt, wherein the bolting rate is over 95 percent and is named as XC 08E; XC08E obtains a male parent with the late sowing bolting rate of more than 99 percent through six-generation single plant selfing, and the male parent is named as XC 08E-C; 3) hybrid combination seed production: the female parent adopts a three-year autumn sowing seed collection method, and the male parent adopts a two-year autumn sowing seed collection method to obtain hybrid seeds. The onion bred by the method disclosed by the invention is easy to bolt, and the edible part of the bolt of the onion is long and tender.

Description

Breeding method of hybrid onions for bolting

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of onion breeding and cultivation, in particular to a method for quickly breeding, expanding propagation and producing seeds of onions easy to flower, which is easy to operate, good in effect and capable of efficiently researching new varieties of onions for flower and producing seeds.

Background

Onion (Allium cepa l.,2n ═ 16) is also known as onion, belonging to liliaceae, Allium, two-year-old herbaceous plant. Bolting and flowering mark the transition of vegetative growth to reproductive growth of plants, and is one of the important characteristics of plant development. Early bolting can influence the yield and quality of the onion ball serving as a main product organ, so that the commodity of the onion ball is poor, and the onion ball is not beneficial to production and sale. Therefore, the method for improving the rapid breeding, propagation and seed production of the onion variety easy to bolt is very important, and can expand the edible way of the onion and widen the industrial chain of the onion.

Disclosure of Invention

The onion breeding at the present stage mainly aims at breeding the onion bulb, the breeding target is a variety which is not easy to early bolt, the invention focuses on the variety which is easy to early bolt, the biological characteristics of the variety are utilized, the onion variety which is easy to bolt and long and tender in the edible part of the onion bolt is quickly and efficiently screened out, the onion variety is timely propagated and more quickly put to the market, and the onion breeding method is a new variety and new seed production way for efficiently researching the new variety.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a method for breeding hybrid onions for bolting comprises the following steps:

1) female parent and breeding and propagation maintenance:

performing directional system breeding on the female parent stock material, wherein the selection standard is that the length of a pseudostem is more than 25cm, and the pseudostem is not easy to fall down; after the three generations of seeds are purified and bred for 6 years, small-area mixed seed reservation is carried out, and the mixed seed reservation is named as R02E and is used for expanding propagation of original seeds;

in order to carry out field observation on R02E to find male sterile plants, carrying out one-to-one single-plant bagging backcross on fertile plants of the same line of the R02E and the male sterile plants, after carrying out backcross through a four-generation system, selecting a sterile line with a male sterility rate of more than 99.9 percent and stable properties as a female parent, and naming the sterile line as R02E-A, and naming a corresponding maintainer line of the sterile line as R02E-B;

2) and (3) breeding and expanding propagation of male parents:

adopting a late sowing directional system to breed materials easy to bolt, wherein the bolting rate is over 95 percent and is named as XC 08E;

carrying out systematic breeding on XC08E, carrying out three-generation individual plant selfing, then mixing and harvesting small groups to obtain a male parent with stable character and bolting rate of more than 99 percent, and naming the male parent as XC 08E-C;

3) hybrid combination seed production:

the female parent adopts a three-year autumn sowing seed collection method, and the male parent adopts a two-year autumn sowing seed collection method to obtain hybrid seeds.

Preferably, in the female parent and the step of maintaining, breeding and expanding propagation of the female parent, the stock material of the female parent is that the length of a pseudostem is more than 20cm, and stem leaves in the bulb expansion period have good uprightness and are not easy to fall down.

Preferably, the breeding for obtaining XC08E comprises the following steps: collecting red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds from Sichuan West Chang, wherein the normal sowing, field planting and bolting rate of the red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds reaches 60%, carrying out directional system breeding on the red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds collected from Sichuan West Chang, wherein the selection standard is that the length of an pseudostem is more than 15cm, the leaf uprightness is good, sowing is carried out in the last 9 months, field planting is carried out in the last 11 months, and the bolting rate in the next 3 months reaches more than 95%.

Preferably, the XC08E selective breeding method for obtaining XC08E-C comprises the following steps:

1) sowing seeds in the last ten days of 9 months in the sea area, planting the seeds in the last ten days of 11 months, selecting single plants of early bolting plants in the next 3 months, bagging and pollinating the plants, and harvesting the seeds as XC 08E-1;

2) XC08E-1 seeds are sown in the last 9 th month of the year, planted in the first 11 th month, and selected to sprout early in the next 3 months for single plant bagging and pollination, wherein the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2;

3) XC08E-1-2 seeds are sown in the last 9 th month of the year, field planting is carried out in the last 11 th month, the early bolting plant is selected in the next 3 months for single plant bagging and pollination, and the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2-3;

4) XC08E-1-2-3 seeds are sown in the last 9 th ten days of harvest in the current year, are planted in the last 11 th days, and are selected to sprout early in the next 3 months, and every 4 plants are selected as a group for small group mixed seed reservation, wherein the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2-3-4;

5) XC08E-1-2-3-4, sowing seeds of each group of small seeds in the last 9 th month of the year, planting in the last 11 th month, preferably selecting a group with the bolting rate of more than 99% for seed propagation and group seed reservation in the next 3 months, and XC 08E-1-2-3-4-5;

6) XC08E-1-2-3-4-5 is sowed in the 9 th ten days of the harvest in a large amount, planted in the 11 th last ten days, and field investigation in the next 3 months shows that the bolting rate reaches over 99 percent, and the XC08E-C is named as a male parent.

Preferably, the hybrid combination seed production specifically comprises:

the female parent adopts a three-year autumn sowing seed collecting method, R02E-A is sown in the middle ten of 9 months of the first year, planting is carried out in the first ten days of 11 months, the planting density is 13cm multiplied by 13cm, the seed balls are harvested after impurity removal and inferior quality removal in the second year and 5 months, the seed balls are placed in a seed ball storage bin for going over summer, the seed balls are planted in the seed production field in the last 9 months of the second year, the planting density is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and after hybridization with the male parent, hybrid seeds are harvested in the last 6 months of the third year;

the male parent adopts a seed collection method of sowing in autumn for two years, XC08E-C is sown in the middle of 9 months in the first year, planting is carried out in the last ten days of 11 months, the planting density is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the male parent is used as the male parent for hybridization pollination after blooming in the first 5 months in the second year;

the hybrid seed production technology comprises the steps of adopting a three-year seed collection method of autumn sowing, planting a female parent in a seed production field according to the planting density of 30cm multiplied by 30cm in the last 9 th month of the second year, and according to the seed ball of the female parent: reserving a male parent planting area in a ratio of 1:1 of male parent seedlings; the male parent adopts a two-year autumn sowing seed collecting method, the seed is sowed in the middle ten 9 months before the seed balls of the female parent are planted in the second year, and the seed balls are planted in the reserved seed production field in the last ten days of 11 months according to the planting density of 15cm by 15 cm.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the breeding of the onion male parent which is easy to bolt is innovated. The traditional breeding method mainly aims at the bolting resistant characteristic of the onion to carry out systematic breeding, and early sowing eliminates the bolting-susceptible plants; the breeding method is completely opposite to the breeding method, and is mainly used for carrying out systematic breeding on onions which are easy to bolt, and selecting materials which are easy to bolt plants and have high growth speed of the bolts through late sowing.

Secondly, innovation of breeding male sterile female parent. The traditional breeding is mainly to carry out systematic breeding aiming at the target characters of short pseudostem of female parent, easy lodging and thin pseudostem closing up; the breeding method of the invention is completely opposite to the breeding method, and the main breeding indexes are the characteristics of long pseudostem, difficult lodging, thick pseudostem closing and the like.

Thirdly, the innovation of hybrid seed production. The traditional hybrid seed production generally adopts a three-year adult plant seed collection method; the invention adopts a mode of combining a female parent autumn sowing three-year adult plant seed picking method ('ball see seed') with a male parent autumn sowing two-year seed picking method ('seed see seed'), thereby ensuring that the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent meet each other, ensuring that the characteristic of easy bolting of the male parent can be stably inherited, and the characteristic that the F1 generation of hybridization is easier to bolt and the like.

Fourthly, the bolting uses the innovation of onion. The onion is mainly taken as an edible organ in the prior art, and the special variety taking the onion stalk as the main edible organ is bred through systematic directional breeding.

Fifthly, the conventional onion breeding adopts a ball-to-seed mode, which needs to span three years and takes about 24 months; the patent male parent adopts a seed selection method of 'finding seeds', spans two years, and consumes about 12 months of time.

Sixthly, the invention obtains the onion variety with long and tender edible part of the young onion, the young onion is about 45cm long, and the young onion is about 25cm at the same time; tender, low content of dried finger material and sufficient water content; specifically, the dry matter content of a common onion stalk is about 12 percent, and the water content is 88 percent; the dry matter content of the variety is about 9 percent, and the water content is about 91 percent.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In practice, the invention will be understood to cover all modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims.

Examples

A method for quickly breeding, expanding propagation and producing seeds of onions which are easy to bolt and have edible parts of long and tender onion bolts comprises the following steps:

1. parent breeding

1.1 female parent and its breed conservation and propagation

a. The conventional seed red elegant pills introduced from Japan are directionally and systematically bred, and the medium-ripeness material which has the pseudostem length of more than 25cm, is not easy to fall down and is the most suitable for the harvesting season of the onion stalks in the middle ten days of 4 months in the Shanghai area is selected as the standard. After the three generations of breeding and purification which takes 6 years, the strain has high uniformity and purity and good commodity characteristics, and then small-area mixed seed reservation is carried out for expanding and propagating stock seeds, which are temporarily named as R02E. The sowing and planting date and the like in the patent only represent the application in the Shanghai region, and the same applies below. The normal commodity characteristics of the conventional species Hongxu pill introduced in Japan are red skin, spherical shape, medium maturity, difficult bolting, pseudostem length of 20cm, good stem leaf uprightness in the bulb expansion period, difficult lodging and the like. The variety has long false stem, good uprightness and difficult lodging, and other varieties with the characteristics can be selected.

b. In order to carry out field observation and search on R02E, carrying out one-to-one single-plant bagging backcross on male sterile plants and homologous fertile plants thereof, carrying out backcross through a four-generation system, selecting a sterile line with the male sterility rate of more than 99.9 percent as a female parent, and naming the sterile line as R02E-A and a corresponding maintainer line as R02E-B. The male sterile line and the maintainer line have the following characteristics: red skin, the average length of pseudostem is more than 25cm, the Shanghai area is the most suitable harvesting season of the onion stalk in the middle of 4 months, the leaves are dark green, the uprightness is good, and the onion stalk can be densely planted.

The conventional breeding means of the onion adopted by female parent breeding in the application has difference between each growth time node and the conventional onion variety breeding, so the detailed description is not provided in the application.

1.2 Male parent selection and propagation

and a.2008, collecting a red-skin onion farmer conventional seed which is easy to bolt in Shanghai area. The farmyard varieties collected from Sichuan Wenchang are directionally and systematically bred, the selection standard is that the pseudostem length is more than 15cm, the leaf uprightness is good, the seedlings are sown in the Shanghai area in 15 months and are fixedly planted in 10 months in 11 months, the bolting rate reaches more than 95% in 3 months in the next year, and the temporary name is XC 08E. The bolting rate of the onion in the actual production seed is controlled to be 5-8%, and the bolting rate of the material (red skin onion farmer conventional seed collected from Sichuan Wenchang) in normal sowing, permanent planting and bolting reaches about 60%, so that the onion can be judged to be very easy to bolt. Of course, other varieties which are easy to bolt can be replaced to cultivate according to the method.

b. And carrying out systematic breeding on XC 08E.

1) Sowing seeds in the Shanghai region on 9 and 15 days in 2010, planting on 10 days in 11 and 2011, bagging and pollinating single plants of early bolting plants in 3 and 2011, and harvesting seeds XC 08E-1.

2) XC08E-1 seeds are sown in the Shanghai area of 20 days in 2011, 9 and 10 days in 11, field planting is carried out, a single plant of a plant which shoots early is selected in 3 months in 2012, is bagged and pollinated, and the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2.

3) XC08E-1-2 seeds are sown in the Shanghai area of 9 and 20 days in 2012, field planting is carried out in 10 days in 11 months, single plants which are early in bolting are selected in 3 months in 2013, and are bagged and pollinated, and the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2-3.

4) XC08E-1-2-3 seeds are sown in the Shanghai area of 9 and 25 days in 2013, field planting is carried out in 11 and 10 days, 4 plants with early bolting are selected as a group in 3 months in 2014 for small group mixed seed retention, and the harvested seeds are XC 08E-1-2-3-4.

5) Each group of seeds of XC08E-1-2-3-4 is sown in the Shanghai area of 9 and 20 days in 2014, field planting is carried out in 10 days in 11 months, a group with the bolting rate of more than 99% is preferably selected in 3 months in 2015 for seed propagation and group seed reservation, and XC08E-1-2-3-4-5 is adopted.

6) XC08E-1-2-3-4-5 is sowed in a large amount in 15 months and 9 months in 2015, field planting is carried out in 05 days and 11 months, and field investigation in 3 months and 2016 shows that the bolting rate reaches over 99 percent and the XC08E-C is named as a male parent. The male parent has: red skin, the length of pseudostem is more than 15cm, the bolting rate in normal sowing, fixed planting in Shanghai area reaches more than 99%, the method is the most suitable harvesting season of onion stalk in late 3 months, the leaves are dense green, the uprightness is good, and the like.

2. Hybrid combination high-efficiency seed production

a. The female parent adopts a three-year seed collecting method of autumn sowing. R02E-A is sown about 10 days in 9 months of the first year, field planting is carried out about 05 days in 11 months of the first year, the field planting density is 13cm multiplied by 13cm, the seedball is harvested after impurity removal and inferior removal in 5 months of the second year, the seedball is placed in a seedball storage bin for over-summer, the seedball is planted in a seed production field in the last 9 months of the second year, the field planting density is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, and the seeds are harvested in the last 6 months of the third year.

b. The male parent adopts autumn sowing two-year seed collection method. XC08E-C is sown in about 9 and 20 days in the first year, field planting is carried out in about 05 days in 11 months, the field planting density is 15cm multiplied by 15cm, and the rice is used as a male parent for hybridization pollination after blooming in the first 5 months in the second year.

c. A hybrid seed production technology. The female parent adopts a three-year seed collection method of autumn sowing, the female parent is fixedly planted and produced in a seed production field according to the planting density of 30cm multiplied by 30cm in the last 9 th month of the second year, and the seed is planted according to the seed ball of the female parent: and reserving a male parent planting area according to the ratio of 1:1 of male parent seedlings. The male parent adopts a autumn sowing two-year seed collection method, the seed is sowed about 9 months and 20 days before the seed balls of the female parent are planted in the second year, and the seed balls are planted in the reserved seed production field in 11 months and 05 days according to the planting density of 15cm x 15 cm. The planting is schematically shown in the following table:

and (3) performing normal water and fertilizer management after field planting, performing hybrid pollination by using flies after bolting and flowering, and performing pest control once after complete flowering, wherein pest control is mainly performed to control thrips, noctuid, downy mildew, purpura and the like. Collecting the seeds after the whole seed balls are cracked to about 1/3, putting the seeds into an airing bed for after-ripening, and collecting the hybrid seeds in time for storage. The harvested hybrid combination commercial variety is temporarily named as 'rain green', the hybrid is easy to bolt, long and tender, the length of the green onion bolt is about 45cm, and the water content reaches about 91%.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for breeding hybrid onions for bolting is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) female parent and breeding and propagation maintenance:

2) and (3) breeding and expanding propagation of male parents:

3) hybrid combination seed production:

2. The breeding method of the onion hybrid for flowering according to claim 1, wherein in the step of female parent and maintaining breeding and expanding propagation of the female parent, the stock material of the female parent is a pseudostem with a length of more than 20cm, and stem leaves at the bulb expansion period have good uprightness and are not easy to fall down.

3. The method for breeding onion hybrids according to claim 1, wherein the breeding for obtaining XC08E comprises the following steps: collecting red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds from Sichuan West Chang, wherein the normal sowing, field planting and bolting rate of the red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds reaches 60%, carrying out directional system breeding on the red-skin onion farmer conventional seeds collected from Sichuan West Chang, wherein the selection standard is that the length of an pseudostem is more than 15cm, the leaf uprightness is good, sowing is carried out in the last 9 months, field planting is carried out in the last 11 months, and the bolting rate in the next 3 months reaches more than 95%.

4. The breeding method of hybrid onions for bolting according to claim 1, wherein XC08E breeding to obtain XC08E-C comprises the following steps:

5. The method for breeding hybrid onions for flowering stalk according to claim 1, wherein the hybrid combination seed production specifically comprises: