CN107494253A - A kind of method and application method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus - Google Patents
A kind of method and application method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus Download PDFInfo
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- CN107494253A CN107494253A CN201710767139.2A CN201710767139A CN107494253A CN 107494253 A CN107494253 A CN 107494253A CN 201710767139 A CN201710767139 A CN 201710767139A CN 107494253 A CN107494253 A CN 107494253A
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- brassica napus
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- seed selection
- interspecific hybridization
- rape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method and application method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is related to genetic breeding field.Method disclosed by the invention using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is used as female parent using rape, the female parent and the brassica plant kind as male parent are subjected to interspecific hybridization, grazing Brassica napus is selected from F1, and the male parent is different from the maternal variety type；The features such as this method is using the interracial hybrid trophosome advantage of Brassica genus, strong stress resistance, can select can be as the rape variety of feeding tailored version, the deficiency of existing grazing Brassica napus is made up, and can be selected by this method and to educate that grazing Brassica napus has the characteristics that biological yield height, strong adaptability, to grow fast, in good taste and nutritive value high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to genetic breeding field, in particular to a kind of side using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus
Method and application method.
Background technology
At present, grazing Brassica napus mainly selects the big seed of biomass to also serve as grazing Brassica napus with rape variety, and achieves one
Fixed effect.But the multiple targets of seed selection simultaneously be present on breeding goal, disperse seed selection energy；And biological yield etc. is also
Space with lifting, there is an urgent need to feeding tailored version rape variety currently on the market.
The content of the invention
It is optional by this method it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus
Bring out feeding tailored version rape variety.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the application method of the grazing Brassica napus obtained by the above method.
What the present invention was realized in：
A kind of method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it includes：
Using rape as female parent, the maternal brassica plant kind with as male parent is subjected to interspecific hybridization, from F1
Grazing Brassica napus is selected by biological yield height, strong adaptability, fast, the in good taste and standard high nutritive value of growth in generation,
And the male parent is different from the maternal variety type.
The application method of the grazing Brassica napus selected by the above-mentioned method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, its
Including：
The grazing Brassica napus seed is directly sowed, in bolting to being harvested when thanking colored, used as ensilage.
The invention has the advantages that：
Method provided by the invention using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is using rape as female parent, by the female parent
Interspecific hybridization is carried out with the brassica plant kind as male parent, by biological yield height, strong adaptability, growth from F1 generations
Hurry up, in good taste and standard high nutritive value selects grazing Brassica napus, and the male parent and the maternal variety type are not
Together；The features such as this method is using the interracial hybrid trophosome advantage of Brassica genus, strong stress resistance, can select can be as feeding special
With the rape variety of type, the deficiency of existing grazing Brassica napus is made up, and can be selected by this method and educate grazing Brassica napus with biology
Learn yield height, strong adaptability, grow the features such as fast, in good taste and nutritive value is high.
Embodiment
, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer
Technical scheme be clearly and completely described.Unreceipted actual conditions person, builds according to normal condition or manufacturer in embodiment
The condition of view is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
The a kind of of the embodiment of the present invention is entered using the method and application method of interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus below
Row illustrates.
On the one hand, the invention provides a kind of method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it includes：
Using rape as female parent, the maternal brassica plant kind with as male parent is subjected to interspecific hybridization, from F1 generation
Grazing Brassica napus, and father are selected by biological yield height, strong adaptability, fast, the in good taste and standard high nutritive value of growth
This is different from the variety type of female parent.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, female parent is turnip type rape, mustard type rape or Wild cabbage type
Rape.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, male parent is selected from turnip type rape, mustard type rape, wild cabbage
One kind in type rape, Chinese cabbage, leafy mustard, pakchoi, green stem vegetable and purple tsai-tai.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, female parent is cabbage type rape, and male parent is Chinese cabbage.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, being selected as the index of female parent includes：Growing way, biology
Yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, glucosinolate content, effective branch amount and maturity period.That is selection has that growing way is vigorous, biology
Yield is high, resistant to lodging, disease-resistant, low-sulfur salidroside content, have stronger lodging resistance, more effective branch amount, it is relatively uniform into
Ripe phase and cabbage type rape the features such as be easy to mechanical harvest are as maternal.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, being selected as the index of male parent includes：Growing way, biology
Yield, coordinate force and mouthfeel.The features such as i.e. selection has growing way prosperous, and biological yield is high, coordinate force is high and in good taste
Chinese cabbage is as male parent.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, it is maternal for cabbage type rape sterile line 11A, 13A, 34A,
Any one in 37A, 39A, 44A and 47A, male parent are white Xishui rape, Brassica rapa L, silkworm Chinese cabbage, Guangzhou cabbage heart, Qing Haimen
Any one of source rape, coal in vain and in white crest.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, female parent is cabbage type rape sterile line 13A, and male parent is silkworm
Chinese cabbage.Grazing Brassica napus can be used as using the offspring of the cross combination.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, female parent is mustard type rape, and male parent is cabbage type rape.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, being selected as the index of female parent includes：Growing way, biology
Yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance and glucosinolate content.I.e. selection standard have growing way is vigorous, biological yield is high, it is resistant to lodging,
The mustard type rape of the features such as disease-resistant and low-sulfur salidroside content is as maternal.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, being selected as the index of male parent includes：Growing way, biology
Yield, coordinate force, glucosinolate content, lodging resistance, effective branch amount and maturity period.That is selection has that growing way is prosperous, biology production
Measure height, the high and low glucosinolate content of coordinate force, with stronger lodging resistance, more effective branch amount, the relatively uniform maturity period and
The cabbage type rape for the features such as being easy to mechanical harvest is as male parent.
It should be noted that the method provided by the invention using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus is matched somebody with somebody in Breeding Process
The mode of system hybridization mainly has three kinds：
(1) if maternal be bred as sterile line without selected, directly carried out by the way of chemical emasculation.
(2) if maternal is cytoplasmic male sterile line (such as Pohle agate infertility or radish matter infertility), produced using cytoplasmic sterility
Cenospecies；
(3) if maternal is the Genetic Sterility (Three recessive GMS or double chromogenic regent) of complete sterility, given birth to line with genic sterile
Produce cenospecies；
It should be noted that：As feeding, seed is not harvested, so whether F1 is fertile or can not considered with solid, i.e.,
Whether male parent there is the restoring gene corresponding to maternal sterile line not influence then.
Preparing hybrid mode is carried out according to maternal and male parent characteristic in a manner described during actual seed selection.
Method provided by the invention using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, this method are interracial miscellaneous using Brassica genus
Kind trophosome advantage selects the grazing Brassica napus of high-quality, and Brassica genus trophosome use of advantage has following advantage：
(1) rape hybrid hybrid vigour is strong, and inter-species trophosome odds ratio intervarietal hybrid advantage is universal high by 30%
More than, provided the foundation for feedingization of Interspecific heterosis.In addition, hybridization F1, which not only possesses, the advantages of parental generation, and compare
Parent has more wider array of adaptability.Therefore, the grazing Brassica napus gone out from progeny selection also has stronger adaptability.
(2) some interspecific hybridization affinity of Brassica genus are high, can reach the setting percentage of intraspecific hybridization substantially.Such as Wild cabbage type
Rape hybridizes with Chinese cabbage, and mustard type rape and Brassica napus hybrid setting percentage are all very high.Therefore, go out from progeny selection feeding
Rape also has higher setting percentage.
(3) some rape species such as Chinese cabbage, leaf mustard, itself make a variation abundant, vegetables or feed, mouthfeel can be used as
Good, therefore, they are good in taste as the cenospecies that parent prepares.Therefore, the grazing Brassica napus selected from F1 generation also have compared with
Good mouthfeel.
(4) during the parent that turnip type rape utilizes as Interspecific heterosis, common manifestation is that trophosome is with the obvious advantage, seedling
Phase growing way is vigorous, exactly required for grazing Brassica napus the characteristics of.
In a word, the features such as this method is using the interracial hybrid trophosome advantage of Brassica genus, strong stress resistance, can select can
As the rape variety of feeding tailored version, the deficiency of existing grazing Brassica napus is made up, and can be selected by this method and educate feeding oil
Dish has the characteristics that biological yield height, strong adaptability, growth is fast, in good taste, setting percentage is high and nutritive value is high.
On the other hand, the invention provides the feeding selected by the above-mentioned method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus
With the application method of rape, it includes：The grazing Brassica napus that will be selected by the method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus
Seed directly sow, harvested when thanking colored, used as ensilage.
Or the seed of grazing Brassica napus is planted in orchard, it is directly edible for domestic animal around courtyard beside road.
Harvest time is that bolting is carried out to when thanking colored, can prevent subsequent fiberization increase, influence mouthfeel.
The feature and performance of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus that the present embodiment provides includes：
1. according to the type of breeding material and abundant degree, Crossing system is determined.Prepare a series of cross combinations.
Selection meets the cabbage type rape sterile line of the radish cell plastid matter infertility type of following standard as maternal：Growing way
It is vigorous, biological yield is high, resistant to lodging, disease-resistant, low-sulfur salidroside content, have stronger lodging resistance, more effective branch amount, phase
To the consistent maturity period and it is easy to mechanical harvest.Select as female parent be：Cabbage type rape sterile line 11A, 13A, 34A,
37A, 39A, 44A and 47A.
Selection meets the Chinese cabbage of following standard as male parent：Growing way is prosperous, and biological yield is high, coordinate force is high and mouthfeel
It is good.What is selected is as male parent：Xishui rape is white, Brassica rapa L, silkworm Chinese cabbage, Guangzhou cabbage heart, Qinghai Men Yuan rapes, coal in vain with
And white crest.
2, according to flowering time, the adjustment maternal sowing time with male parent, promote their flower synchronizations.
Maternal and male parent is hybridized according to incomplete diallel cross (NC II is designed) mode.In the net canopy of 100 mesh
The production of hybrid seeds is carried out according to live mode, 7 female parents and 1 male parent are planted in a net canopy respectively.Parent planting density
Line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, row is long 3 meters, and maternal and male parent is according to 3:1 alternate plantation.Male parent is than the maternal late time difference broadcast
For：Guangzhou cabbage heart evening is broadcast 45 days；Xishui rape is white, Qinghai Men Yuan rape evenings are broadcast 20 days；Brassica rapa L, silkworm Chinese cabbage, coal are white, cockscomb
White evening is broadcast 14 days, so as to flower synchronization.In Nanchang Agricultural University Of Jiangxi Technology Park, the maternal sowing time is on October 5th, 2013.
3, according to maternal form, select Crossing system.Prepare a series of cross combinations.
Maternal and male parent is hybridized according to incomplete diallel cross (NC II is designed), preparing hybrid combines 49.Open
Hua Shi, 1000 wall honeybees are placed using each net canopy and pollinated.To male parent than maternal obvious early combination of blooming, male parent is plucked
Tongue, apply a small amount of urea and promote flower synchronization.
4 eliminate the cross combination of setting percentage difference, harvest F1 generation seed.
The setting percentage of above-mentioned 49 cross combination is 71.2-93.2%, average out to 88%.Index of affinity is 6.1-23.7,
Average value is 17.Eliminate disease weight, setting percentage is less than 80% and index of affinity is less than 10 combination 7 (11A × Guangzhou cabbage heart,
11A × Qinghai Men Yuan rapes, 34A × Brassica rapa L, 44A × Guangzhou cabbage heart, 44A × white crest, 47A × Guangzhou cabbage heart, 47A ×
Coal is white), leave 42 combinations.
5 by 2 sets of the F1 generation seed point of harvest, a set of to be planted at random according to cell, and sets repetition, another set of Seed storage
It is standby.Seed selection is carried out according to following standard：Biological yield is high, hybrid vigour is obvious, seedling stage and elongation growing way are vigorous, resists
Sick, resistant to lodging, in good taste and nutritive value is high, 30% cross combination before reservation, eliminates other non-compliant combinations.
It is right in Nanchang sowing on October 3rd, 2014,4 rows of each combination plantation, three repetitions according to 14000 plants/acre of density
According to for Zhongyouza 11 number.Row is long 3 meters, and biological yield is determined when thanking colored, and 42 combination single-strain fresh weights are 0.20-0.29kg,
Average out to 0.24kg.Vigorous to seedling stage and elongation growing way according to A-D level Four, the index such as disease-resistant, resistant to lodging is recorded, and is kicked out of
Biology weighs less than 0.25kg/ strains, and growing way is weak, and resistance against diseases is poor, the combination of lodging resistance difference, obtains 14 combinations.
The thick protein of 14 combinations of measure, crude fat, coarse ash, calcium, total phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, pickling washing are fine
Dimension hplc, the results showed that, thick protein excursion is 27.10-34.22%, average out to 29.65%；Crude fat excursion
For 4.25-8.15%, average out to 5.61%；Coarse ash excursion is 13.13-16.55%, average out to 14.31%；Neutrality is washed
Wash fiber and pickling washing fiber content is lower, quality is better, and it is 47.15-71.23% that both, which are added excursion, average out to
56.63%.According to nutritional ingredient, 5 poor combinations are eliminated, remaining 9 advantageous combinations, (11A × Xishui rape is white, 11A
× Brassica rapa L, 13A × silkworm Chinese cabbage, 13A × coal are white, 34A × Xishui rape is white, 37A × Qinghai Men Yuan rapes, 39A × coal
In vain, 39A × white crest, 44A × Brassica rapa L).
The F1 generation seed that other set is backed up is expanded cultivated area plantation by 6, and sets repetition and control.By finger as follows
Mark selects the combination of 5-10% combination significantly more than control as a Combination nova：Biological yield, lodging resistance and
Nutritive value.
According to 14000 plants/acre of density in Nanchang sowing on October 4th, 2015, each combination plantation 25m2, three repetitions,
Compare as Zhongyouza 11 number.F1 density in planting line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm.Biological yield, 9 combination individual plants are determined when thanking colored
Fresh weight is 0.24-0.30kg, average out to 0.26kg.It is vigorous to seedling stage and elongation growing way according to A-D level Four, it is disease-resistant, resistant to lodging
Recorded etc. index, 0.26kg/ strains are weighed less than according to biology, growing way is vigorous, and the index such as disease-resistant, resistant to lodging is D ranks
Combination, obtain 6 combination.
Thick protein, crude fat, coarse ash, calcium, total phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, pickling washing fiber content are determined, as a result
Show, thick protein excursion is 28.10-34.89%, average out to 30.15%；Crude fat excursion is 5.25-
8.75%, average out to 5.89%；Coarse ash excursion is 14.13-17.12%, average out to 15.31%；Neutral detergent fiber
Lower with pickling washing fiber content, quality is better, and it is 44.11-69.26% that both, which are added excursion, average out to
53.22%.According to nutritional ingredient, remaining 3 advantageous combinations, (11A × Xishui rape is white, 13A × silkworm Chinese cabbage, 39A × cockscomb
In vain).Sowed in spring in Gansu then, produce the hybrid seed F1 of this 3 combinations.
7 arrange to layout, and are compared experiment, select excellent combination to be registered, demonstrate and promote.
In lower season, sowed on October 5th, 2016 in Nanchang according to 14000 plants/acre of density, (11A × Xishui rape will be combined
In vain, 13A × silkworm Chinese cabbage, 39A × white crest) F1 seeds sow 120m respectively2Ground in, set three repetitions, compare as middle oil
Miscellaneous No. 11.Parent planting density line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 10cm.
Biological yield is determined when thanking colored, 3 combination single-strain fresh weights are respectively 0.28kg, 0.31kg, 0.29kg.Press
Vigorous to seedling stage and elongation growing way according to A-D level Four, the index such as disease-resistant, resistant to lodging is recorded, and is kicked out of biology and is weighed less than
0.28kg/ strains, growing way is weak, and resistance against diseases is poor, the combination of lodging resistance difference, obtains 2 combinations (13A × silkworm Chinese cabbage, 39A × chicken
Hat is white).Thick protein, crude fat, coarse ash, calcium, total phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, pickling washing fiber content are determined, as a result table
Bright, thick protein is respectively 34.89% and 32.11%；Crude fat is respectively 7.5% and 8.15%；Neutral detergent fiber and acid
It is respectively 43.02% and 49.21% to wash fiber summation.According to nutritional ingredient, selecting cross combination S22, (13A × silkworm is white
Dish) grazing Brassica napus is used as, and carry out registration popularization.
Embodiment 2
The application method of the grazing Brassica napus selected by embodiment 1 is present embodiments provided, it includes：Selected above-mentioned
Grazing Brassica napus seed is directly sowed, and is harvested when thanking colored, is used as ensilage.
Certainly, it is necessary to which explanation, in other examples, can also be planted in orchard by the seed of grazing Brassica napus,
It is directly edible for domestic animal around courtyard beside road.
To sum up, it is the features such as utilizing the interracial hybrid trophosome advantage of Brassica genus, strong stress resistance provided by the invention, optional
The blank of existing grazing Brassica napus can be made up as the rape variety of feeding tailored version by bringing out, and can be selected and educated by this method
Grazing Brassica napus has the characteristics that biological yield height, strong adaptability, fast, the in good taste and nutritive value of growth are high.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention, for the skill of this area
For art personnel, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is made any repaiies
Change, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (10)
- A kind of 1. method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that it includes：Using rape as female parent, the maternal brassica plant kind with as male parent is subjected to interspecific hybridization, from F1 generation Grazing Brassica napus, and institute are selected by biological yield height, strong adaptability, fast, the in good taste and standard high nutritive value of growth It is different from the maternal variety type to state male parent.
- 2. the method according to claim 1 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that the female parent is Turnip type rape, mustard type rape or cabbage type rape.
- 3. the method according to claim 2 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that the male parent choosing From in turnip type rape, mustard type rape, cabbage type rape, Chinese cabbage, leafy mustard, pakchoi, green stem vegetable and purple tsai-tai It is a kind of.
- 4. the method according to claim 3 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that the female parent is Cabbage type rape, the male parent are Chinese cabbage.
- 5. according to the method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus described in claim 4, it is characterised in that be selected as The maternal index includes：Growing way, biological yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance, glucosinolate content, effective branch amount and into The ripe phase.
- 6. the method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that selection is made Index for the male parent includes：Growing way, biological yield, coordinate force and mouthfeel.
- 7. the method according to claim 6 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that the female parent is Any one in cabbage type rape sterile line 11A, 13A, 34A, 37A, 39A, 44A and 47A, the male parent is Xishui rape In vain, any one of Brassica rapa L, silkworm Chinese cabbage, Guangzhou cabbage heart, Qinghai Men Yuan rapes, coal in vain and in white crest.
- 8. the method according to claim 3 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that the female parent is Mustard type rape, the male parent are cabbage type rape.
- 9. the method according to claim 7 using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus, it is characterised in that be selected as institute Stating the index of female parent includes：Growing way, biological yield, lodging resistance, disease resistance and glucosinolate content, it is selected as the male parent Index include：Growing way, biological yield, coordinate force, glucosinolate content, lodging resistance, effective branch amount and maturity period.
- 10. as the feeding selected using the method for interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus any one of claim 1-9 With the application method of rape, it is characterised in that it includes：The seed of the grazing Brassica napus is directly sowed, is harvested when thanking colored, is used as ensilage.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN111374043A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting |
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| CN106035066A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-26 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for breeding rape interspecific and distant hybridization material by rape double haploid inducing line |
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| CN106035066A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-10-26 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for breeding rape interspecific and distant hybridization material by rape double haploid inducing line |
| CN106613897A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-05-10 | 成都市农林科学院 | Method for culturing feed rape through distant hybridization |
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| CN111374043A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting |
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