CN111374043A - Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting - Google Patents
Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111374043A CN111374043A CN202010243206.2A CN202010243206A CN111374043A CN 111374043 A CN111374043 A CN 111374043A CN 202010243206 A CN202010243206 A CN 202010243206A CN 111374043 A CN111374043 A CN 111374043A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding green peduncles for bolting, and relates to the technical field of new variety breeding. The method screens out high-quality green stem vegetable materials with early bolting from a large amount of materials, and the high-quality green stem vegetable materials with good disease resistance and precocity flowering cabbage materials are hybridized to breed the precocity high-quality green stem vegetable varieties for the bolting required by the market; the characteristic that the flowering can be realized without vernalization of the cabbage heart is hybridized with the parent material of the green stem vegetable easy to bolt, the characteristic that the premature cabbage heart is easy to bolt is transferred to the green stem vegetable, and the new green stem vegetable variety which can bolt in summer and autumn and is premature, heat-resistant, high-quality and disease-resistant is bred. The method can enrich the types of green stem vegetables, and breed a new variety of early-maturing high-quality green stem vegetables for bolting to meet the market demand.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new variety breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding green peduncles for bolting.
Background
The brassica campestris (flowering cabbage) is a variety of brassica Chinese cabbage subspecies, young and tender brassica campestris is taken as an edible organ, the brassica campestris is one of the unique vegetable varieties in China, the varieties are rich, annual production is realized, and the national cultivation area is larger and larger. The Chinese cabbage shoots originate from Yangtze river basin, are one of important vegetable varieties in the autumn and winter, and are cultivated all over the country, particularly in the Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and other places with larger cultivation areas. The green cabbages (the species with green petioles in the common cabbage varieties) are not easy to bolt, so that the cultivation time of the green cabbages as bolts in one year is short, the bolts are generally planted in winter only, and the special varieties of the green cabbages capable of being used as the bolts are few, so that the requirements of people on the green cabbages for the bolts are difficult to meet, and the market sale price is high. Therefore, the breeding of the new early-maturing high-quality new species of green stem vegetables for the young shoots can not only enrich the types of the bolting products such as the flowering Chinese cabbage, the white cabbage moss and the like, but also increase the planting season and is beneficial to increasing the income of broad growers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting, which transfers the characteristic that precocious flowering cabbage is easy to bolt into the green stem vegetables to breed a new high-quality precocious green stem vegetable variety for bolting.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for breeding green peduncles for bolting, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing a plurality of green stem vegetable seeds in winter, carrying out artificial selfing pollination during flowering, and screening green stem vegetables showing self-incompatibility and easiness in bolting to serve as female parents;
(2) sowing a plurality of cabbage seeds in summer and autumn, artificially selfing and pollinating during flowering, and screening cabbage seeds which show self-incompatibility, good relative disease resistance, strong heat resistance and prematurity as male parents;
(3) respectively sowing the female parent and the male parent, enabling the female parent and the male parent to simultaneously flower, carrying out testing and matching by adopting a half-round matching method, and respectively collecting hybrid seeds of each combination;
(4) and (3) performing field test identification and screening on the hybrid seeds in different seasons to obtain a green peduncle vegetable variety for excellent bolting.
Preferably, the variety of the green peduncle vegetable seeds sowed in the winter in the step (1) is more than 30.
Preferably, after artificial self-pollination in step (1), threshing is further performed after seed maturation, the number of seeds per pod is counted, and self-incompatibility is shown when the number of seeds per pod is less than 1.
Preferably, the artificial self-pollination method comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting 2-3 robust branches in the flowering period, removing the opened flower bags, and loosening the bags after 3-4 days for artificial pollination in the flowering period.
Preferably, the variety of the flowering cabbage seeds sowed in the summer and autumn in the step (2) is more than 30.
Preferably, the disease resistance of step (2) is expressed as soft rot resistance; the heat resistance is represented by resistance to temperatures above 38 ℃; the precocity is characterized by a growth period of less than 32 days.
Preferably, the field trial identification in step (4) comprises: disease resistance, adaptability and bolting.
The invention provides a method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting, which is characterized in that a high-quality green stem vegetable material which is easy to bolt is screened from a large amount of materials, and is hybridized with a cabbage heart material with good disease resistance and prematurity, so that a variety of the prematurity high-quality green stem vegetables for bolting required by the market is bred. The method of the invention utilizes the interspecific hybridization of non-heading Chinese cabbage to breed the green cabbages for early-maturing young shoots; the flowering characteristic of the cabbage heart without vernalization is utilized to be hybridized with the green stem vegetable bolting parent material, the early-maturing flowering characteristic of the cabbage heart is transferred to the green stem vegetable, and the new green stem vegetable variety which is early-maturing, heat-resistant, high-quality and disease-resistant and can bolt in summer and autumn is bred, such as a new summer variety Q1804 (shown in figure 1) and a new summer QC variety 1922 (shown in figure 2). The method can enrich the types of green stem vegetables, and breed a new variety of early-maturing high-quality green stem vegetables for bolting to meet the market demand.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a green peduncle vegetable seed Q1804 for heat-resistant young shoots in summer;
FIG. 2 shows a variety QC1922 of a high-quality caulis brassicae for bolting in summer and autumn.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding green peduncles for bolting, which comprises the following steps: (1) sowing a plurality of green stem vegetable seeds in winter, carrying out artificial selfing pollination during flowering, and screening green stem vegetables showing self-incompatibility and easiness in bolting to serve as female parents;
(2) sowing a plurality of cabbage seeds in summer and autumn, artificially selfing and pollinating during flowering, and screening cabbage seeds which show self-incompatibility, good relative disease resistance, strong heat resistance and prematurity as male parents;
(3) respectively sowing the female parent and the male parent, enabling the female parent and the male parent to simultaneously flower, carrying out testing and matching by adopting a half-round matching method, and respectively collecting hybrid seeds of each combination;
(4) and performing field test identification and screening on the hybrid seeds in different seasons to obtain a green peduncle variety for excellent bolting.
The invention seeds a plurality of green stem vegetables in winter, artificially self-pollinates when blooming, screens the green stem vegetables showing self-incompatibility and easy bolting as female parent. The green stem vegetable seeds are sown in winter, preferably in early spring investigation, bolting and flowering early and late, and affinity index determination is carried out. The affinity index assay of the present invention preferably comprises: after artificial self-pollination, threshing the mature seeds, counting the number of seeds in each pod, and when the number of seeds in each pod is less than 1, showing self-incompatibility. The method for artificial self-pollination is not particularly limited, and preferably comprises the following steps: and (3) selecting 2-3 robust branches in the flowering period, removing the opened flower bags, and loosening the bags after 3-4 days for artificial pollination in the flowering period. In the sowing of the present invention, the number of the selected species of the green stem vegetable seeds is preferably more than 30. The green cabbages showing self-incompatibility and easy bolting can be obtained by screening, and the easy bolting is preferably realized by sowing in 11 months in Fuzhou and bolting in 2 months in the next year. The method is not particularly limited to the sowing of the green stem vegetable seeds and the management after the sowing, and can be carried out by utilizing the conventional technical means in the field.
The present invention seeds several kinds of cabbage heart in summer and autumn, and screens cabbage heart with self incompatibility, high disease resistance, high heat resistance and early maturity as male parent after artificial selfing and pollination. The invention preferably selects at least 30 kinds of flowering cabbage seeds for summer and autumn sowing. In the present invention, after the sowing, preferably, the affinity index measurement is performed at the flowering stage, and the method of the affinity index measurement is preferably the same as described above and will not be described herein again. After the cabbage seeds are sown, the method preferably further comprises the following steps of performing a field test, wherein the field test preferably comprises the following steps: disease resistance, heat resistance and earliness. The method screens the cabbage heart which has good relative disease resistance, strong heat resistance and early maturity and is used as a male parent, and the disease resistance is preferably expressed as soft rot resistance; the heat resistance is preferably expressed as resistance to a temperature of 38 ℃ or higher; the precocity is preferably manifested as a growth period of less than 32 days. The seeding and post-seeding management of the flowering cabbage seeds are not particularly limited, and conventional technical means in the field can be used.
The invention respectively seeds the female parent and the male parent, leads the female parent and the male parent to bloom simultaneously, adopts a half-round mating method to test and mate, and respectively collects the hybrid seeds of each combination. In the invention, for the sowing period of the female parent, green stalk materials and cabbage heart materials are preferably sown according to the flowering period and transplanted to a field planting field, and after the flowering in spring, pollen (covering a sulfuric acid paper bag before flowering) of the cabbage heart materials is hybridized with the green stalk vegetable materials in the bud period manually, and the testing and matching are carried out by adopting a half-round matching method. The artificial bud-stage hybridization preferably comprises the following steps: selecting about 30 flowering buds in 2-3 days from the middle lower part of the robust stigma, peeling off the buds by using forceps to expose the stigma, and smearing the pollen of the flowering cabbage on the stigma. The invention also preferably comprises a sulfuric acid paper bag, a label, a seed pod or seeds harvesting when the seeds are changed in color and threshing each bag of seeds after air drying separately after pollination, wherein each bag of seeds is a combination, and each combination is numbered.
The invention preferably adopts plug seedling when the field test identification is carried out, the row spacing of transplanted plants is preferably 20cm × 20cm, the disease resistance, adaptability and bolting property (bolting date) of the new combination are intensively investigated, the good combination which is easy to bolt is screened, and finally the new species of the green stem vegetable which is early-maturing, high-quality and disease-resistant is bred.
The method for selecting and breeding green peduncles for bolting provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Breeding of excellent combination Q1804(Q-4-14 × F-22) and QC1922(S22 × L-6)
1. The breeding of female parent green-stem cabbages selects 36 parts of high-generation parent materials (shown in table 1) of excellent green-stem cabbages to be sown in 2016, 25 days at 11 months, surveys the early and late bolting and flowering in early spring, determines the affinity index, simultaneously surveys the plant characters, disease resistance and the like, and screens 3 parts of self-incompatibility lines (Q-4-14, S22 and Q-30-3) which are early bolting (bolting in 2 months in the next year), upright plant types, small leaves and dark green and glossy leaf colors.
Table 136 parts of excellent green stem vegetable high-generation parent material
2. The breeding of the flowering cabbage of the male parent selects 32 parts of high-generation parent materials (shown in table 2) of excellent flowering cabbage to be sown in 2017 at 6 and 20 days, identifies disease resistance, heat resistance and earliness, screens out 8 parts of parent materials with disease resistance, heat resistance and earliness (the growth period is shorter than 32 days), sows the 8 parts of parent materials in 2017 at 10 and 16 days, performs affinity index determination when flowering in 12 months, and screens out 3 parts of self-incompatible lines (F-22, L-6 and G-6) with disease resistance, heat resistance and earliness (the growth period is shorter than 32 days).
Table 232 parts of high-generation parent material of fine Chinese flowering cabbage
3. Combined preparation female parent green stem vegetables Q-4-14, S22 and Q-30-3 are sown in 11-month and 22-month in 2017, male parent cabbage F-22, L-6 and G-6 are sown in 1-month and 10-month in 2018, and combined preparation is carried out when the flowers bloom in 3-month early spring, and 9 combinations are prepared in total.
4. Performing hybrid combination identification, screening, sowing in summer of 2018, 6 and 25 days, adopting plug seedling, preferably selecting 20cm × 20cm row spacing for transplanting, intensively investigating disease resistance, adaptability and bolting property (bolting date) of a new combination, screening an excellent combination easy to bolt, identifying the character of the bolt, mainly comprising straight and green bolt, small bolt leaves, green and glossy property, good commodity property, finally breeding heat-resistant, early-maturing and disease-resistant bolt, sowing and identifying in autumn of 9 and 20 months in 1922.2018 years by using new combination of green stemmed vegetables Q1804 and QC, identifying when bolting in ten days of 11 months, intensively investigating commodity property and quality, and screening a combination QC1922 with good quality.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for breeding green peduncles for bolting is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) sowing a plurality of green stem vegetable seeds in winter, carrying out artificial selfing pollination during flowering, and screening green stem vegetables showing self-incompatibility and easiness in bolting to serve as female parents;
(2) sowing a plurality of cabbage seeds in summer and autumn, artificially selfing and pollinating during flowering, and screening cabbage seeds which show self-incompatibility, good relative disease resistance, strong heat resistance and prematurity as male parents;
(3) respectively sowing the female parent and the male parent, enabling the female parent and the male parent to simultaneously flower, carrying out testing and matching by adopting a half-round matching method, and respectively collecting hybrid seeds of each combination;
(4) and (3) performing field test identification and screening on the hybrid seeds in different seasons to obtain a green peduncle vegetable variety for excellent bolting.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the variety of the winter sown green peduncle seeds of step (1) is more than 30.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein after said artificial self-pollination in step (1), further comprising seed maturation and seed threshing, counting the number of seeds per pod, and when the number of seeds per pod is less than 1, self-incompatibility is shown.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the artificial self-pollination method comprises: and (3) selecting 2-3 robust branches in the flowering period, removing the opened flower bags, and loosening the bags after 3-4 days for artificial pollination in the flowering period.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kinds of the flowering cabbage seeds sowed in the step (2) are more than 30.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease resistance of step (2) is manifested as soft rot resistance; the heat resistance is represented by resistance to temperatures above 38 ℃; the precocity is characterized by a growth period of less than 32 days.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein said field trial identification of step (4) comprises: disease resistance, adaptability and bolting.
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| CN202010243206.2A CN111374043A (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting |
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| CN202010243206.2A CN111374043A (en) | 2020-03-31 | 2020-03-31 | Method for breeding green stem vegetables for bolting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113396814A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-17 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1144036A (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-03-05 | 河南省新乡市农业科学研究所 | Crossbreeding method for Chinese cabbage |
| JP2015231366A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-12-24 | タキイ種苗株式会社 | Methods for screening parental lines for producing brassica plants with a trait of extra-late bolting and brassica plants with a trait of extra late bolting using the same |
| CN107494253A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of method and application method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus |
| WO2019200118A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | Cargill, Incorporated | Method of cultivating lc-pufa containing transgenic brassica plants |
-
2020
- 2020-03-31 CN CN202010243206.2A patent/CN111374043A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1144036A (en) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-03-05 | 河南省新乡市农业科学研究所 | Crossbreeding method for Chinese cabbage |
| JP2015231366A (en) * | 2014-05-15 | 2015-12-24 | タキイ種苗株式会社 | Methods for screening parental lines for producing brassica plants with a trait of extra-late bolting and brassica plants with a trait of extra late bolting using the same |
| CN107494253A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-22 | 江西农业大学 | A kind of method and application method using interspecific hybridization seed selection grazing Brassica napus |
| WO2019200118A1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-10-17 | Cargill, Incorporated | Method of cultivating lc-pufa containing transgenic brassica plants |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DI CAO等: "Stable Bacillus thuringiensis transgene introgression from Brassicanapus to wild mustard B. juncea", 《PLANT SCIENCE》 * |
| 王婉婷等: "青梗菜品比试验及周年供应栽培技术", 《浙江农业科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113396814A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-17 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage |
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Application publication date: 20200707 |