CN113396814B - Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage - Google Patents

Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage Download PDF

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CN113396814B
CN113396814B CN202110576317.XA CN202110576317A CN113396814B CN 113396814 B CN113396814 B CN 113396814B CN 202110576317 A CN202110576317 A CN 202110576317A CN 113396814 B CN113396814 B CN 113396814B
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林晓
邵贵荣
方勇
朱彬
曹萍
崔田
蒋鹏
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Fujian Gold Agricultural Science And Technology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste. The breeding method provided by the invention comprises the following steps: green cabbages with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent properties are used as female parents, and Chinese cabbages with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance, excellent properties and fast growth are used as male parents; hybridizing the male parent and the female parent to obtain hybrid seeds; and identifying and screening the plants grown after the hybrid seeds are sowed to obtain the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste. The bred non-heading Chinese cabbage can resist high temperature of more than 38 ℃, and resist various diseases such as soft rot, black rot, anthracnose and the like, the average growth time is 30-35 d, the weight of a single plant is more than 80g, the average plant height is 25cm, the development degree is 25cm, the leaves are in an inverted egg shape, the leaf surfaces are flat, the outer leaves are green and glossy, the leaf stalks are green and white, the content of crude fibers is low, the taste is good, and the yield per mu is more than 2000 kg.

Description

Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hybrid breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste.
Background
The non-heading Chinese cabbage is a subspecies of brassica Chinese cabbage of cruciferae, mainly takes leaves and leafstalks as edible organs, has rich varieties, realizes annual production, and has larger and larger cultivation area at present.
However, although the heat-resistant variety of the common green-stem cabbage (the green variety of the leafstalk in the common cabbage subspecies) in the non-heading Chinese cabbage has the advantage of high temperature resistance, can realize continuous cultivation and improve the yield, the heat-resistant variety has the defects of slow growth speed, more crude fibers and poorer mouthfeel, and is difficult to meet the requirement of people on the non-heading Chinese cabbage with excellent heat-resistant property.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste. The non-heading Chinese cabbage bred by the breeding method provided by the invention not only has the advantages of heat resistance and fast growth, but also has the advantage of fine and smooth taste; the method not only enriches the variety types of the non-heading Chinese cabbages, but also is beneficial to increasing the yield and income of broad growers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage with disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) respectively sowing green-stem vegetable self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance and excellent in character as female parents, and fast-growing Chinese cabbage self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character as male parents, testing and matching the female parents and the male parents when the male parents and the female parents bloom, and collecting hybrid seeds;
(2) And (3) performing field test identification and evaluation on the hybrid seeds in different seasons, and screening the non-heading Chinese cabbage variety which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste.
Preferably, in the step (1), the method for breeding the female parent comprises the following operations: sowing the seeds of the green-stalk vegetables in summer and autumn, identifying the disease resistance and the heat resistance of the green-stalk vegetables, sowing the green-stalk vegetables which are obtained by identification and screening and have strong heat resistance and strong disease resistance in winter, carrying out artificial flowering period selfing and pollination in spring flowering, and screening self-incompatible green-stalk vegetable strains which have strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent properties to serve as female parents.
Preferably, in the step (1), the method for breeding the male parent comprises the following operations: sowing fast-growing Chinese cabbage seeds in summer and autumn, identifying disease resistance, heat resistance, excellent plant quality and fast-growing property, sowing the screened Chinese cabbage with disease resistance, heat resistance, excellent plant quality and fast-growing property in winter, carrying out artificial flowering period selfing pollination in spring, screening a Chinese cabbage strain which is incompatible with selfing, good in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character and fast-growing, and serving as a male parent.
Preferably, the method for artificial flowering self-pollination comprises the following operations: selecting strong branches on male parent or female parent plants in the flowering period, picking off bloomed flowers, reserving unopened flower buds, bagging, and untiing the bags for artificial pollination after bagging for 3-4 days.
Preferably, after the artificial flowering stage self-pollination, threshing is carried out after the seeds are mature, the number of seeds in each pod is counted, and when the average number of seeds in each pod is less than or equal to 1, the plant is judged to be self-incompatible.
Preferably, in the step (1), the female parent and the male parent flower simultaneously by controlling the sowing time.
Preferably, the screening conditions for excellent traits comprise upright plant type and/or small leaves and/or dark green leaves with luster and/or fine mouthfeel.
Preferably, the screening criteria of the disease resistance of the male parent and the female parent are soft rot resistance, black rot resistance and anthracnose resistance.
Preferably, the screening standard of the heat resistance of the male parent is the condition that the male parent can resist the growth temperature of more than or equal to 38 ℃ and the leaves are not curled; the screening standard of the heat resistance of the female parent is that the female parent can resist the growth temperature of more than or equal to 38 ℃, and the conditions that plants do not slip, leaves are flat and do not wrinkle and shrink occur.
Preferably, the fast-growing screening standard is that the growth period is less than or equal to 35d.
The invention provides a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage with disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste, which comprises the following steps:
green cabbages with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent properties are used as female parents, and Chinese cabbages with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance, excellent properties and fast growth are used as male parents; hybridizing the male parent and the female parent to obtain hybrid seeds; and identifying and screening the plants grown after the hybrid seeds are sowed to obtain the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste. After the non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by breeding is cultivated and detected, the non-heading Chinese cabbage can resist the high temperature of more than 38 ℃, and has the functions of resisting soft rot, black rot, anthracnose and other diseases, the average time from sowing to harvesting in summer and autumn of Fuzhou is 30-35 d, the growth period is far shorter than that of 36-40 d of the conventional non-heading Chinese cabbage on the market, the weight of a single plant is more than 80g, the average plant height is 25cm, the development degree is 25cm, the leaves are inverted egg-shaped, the leaf surfaces are flat, the outer leaves are green and glossy, the leaf stalks are green and white, the crude fibers are few, the taste is good, the yield per mu is more than 2000kg, and the yield is far higher than that of 1500kg of the conventional non-heading Chinese cabbage on the market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by breeding according to the breeding method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a finished product of a non-heading Chinese cabbage bred by the breeding method in summer;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a single plant of a non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by breeding according to the breeding method provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage with disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste, which comprises the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) respectively sowing green-stem vegetable self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance and excellent in character as female parents, and fast-growing Chinese cabbage self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character as male parents, testing and matching the female parents and the male parents when the male parents and the female parents bloom, and collecting hybrid seeds;
(2) And (4) performing field test identification and evaluation on the hybrid seeds in different seasons, and screening the fast-growing non-heading Chinese cabbage variety with good disease resistance, heat resistance and properties. The breeding method provided by the invention can stably breed the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is required by the market and has the advantages of disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste.
The invention takes the green stem vegetable self-incompatible line with stable heredity, strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent characters as the female parent; the breeding method of the female parent preferably comprises the following operations: the method comprises the steps of sowing various green-stalk vegetable parent materials shown in table 1 in summer and autumn, identifying the disease resistance and heat resistance of the green-stalk vegetables, sowing the green-stalk vegetables which are obtained through identification and screening and have strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent properties in winter, carrying out artificial flowering period self-pollination in spring flowering, screening self-incompatible green-stalk vegetable strains which are strong in heat resistance and strong disease resistance, and using the strains as female parents.
TABLE 1 Green Stem vegetable parent Material and sources
Figure BDA0003084498430000041
Figure BDA0003084498430000051
In the invention, the method for artificial flowering self-pollination preferably comprises the following operations: selecting robust branches on female parent plants in the flowering phase, reserving unopened buds, performing bagging operation, and loosening bags for artificial pollination after bagging for 3-4 days; after the artificial flowering period self-pollination, the method preferably further comprises the steps of threshing after the seeds are mature, counting the number of seeds in each pod, and judging as a self-incompatible plant when the average number of seeds in each pod is less than or equal to 1; the number of the robust branches is preferably 2-3;
in the present invention, the screening criteria for disease resistance preferably include combined resistance to soft rot, black rot and anthracnose;
the screening standard of the heat resistance is preferably the conditions that the heat resistance is higher than or equal to 38 ℃, the plant is not pulled out, the leaves are flat and do not wrinkle; the screening conditions with excellent properties preferably comprise upright plant type, no node shifting, small leaf, no wrinkle, dark green leaf color and luster.
In the practical application of the invention, the female parent obtained by screening the disease resistance, the heat resistance and the excellent properties is preferably selected to be Q-34-3, Q-2-85 and Q-9-4 in terms of serial number, and the female parent materials have the advantages of strong disease resistance, good heat resistance, upright plant type, no segment shifting, compact plant type with smaller leaves, suitability for close planting, capability of effectively improving the commodity, no shrinkage of the leaves, dark green leaves and luster. The breeding method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate for breeding the female parent, can efficiently obtain the female parent with target characteristics, and simplifies the breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste.
The invention takes the genetic stable Chinese cabbage self-incompatible line with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance, excellent properties and fast growth as the male parent; the breeding method of the male parent preferably comprises the following operations: the Chinese cabbage parent material shown in the table 2 is sown in summer and autumn, the disease resistance, the heat resistance, the excellent plant quality and the fast-growing property are identified, the Chinese cabbage which is identified and screened and has the disease resistance, the heat resistance, the excellent plant quality and the fast-growing property is sown in winter, the Chinese cabbage is self-pollinated in the artificial flowering phase during spring flowering, and the Chinese cabbage line which is self-incompatible, good in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character and fast-growing is screened and used as a male parent.
TABLE 2 Chinese cabbage parent Material and sources
Figure BDA0003084498430000061
Figure BDA0003084498430000071
In the invention, the method for artificial flowering self-pollination preferably comprises the following operations: selecting robust branches on male parent plants in the flowering period, reserving unopened buds, performing bagging operation, and untiing the bags for artificial pollination after bagging for 3-4 days; after the artificial flowering phase is self-pollinated, the method preferably also comprises the steps of threshing after the seeds are mature, counting the number of seeds in each pod, and judging the plants which are not self-compatible when the average number of seeds in each pod is less than 1; the number of the robust branches is preferably 2-3;
the screening standard of the disease resistance preferably comprises the combined resistance to soft rot, black rot and anthracnose, and further preferably the resistance to soft rot;
the screening standard of the heat resistance is preferably the condition that the growth temperature is higher than or equal to 38 ℃ and the blades are not curled; the selection standard of the fast growing is preferably that the growth period is less than or equal to 35d, and more preferably less than or equal to 30d; the screening conditions with excellent properties preferably comprise upright plant type, close holding, no leaf curling, flat leaf surface and green and glossy outer leaf.
In the practical application of the invention, the male parent obtained by screening the disease resistance, the heat resistance, the fast growth and the excellent properties is preferably D-2, D-8 and D-19 in serial number, and the male parent materials have the advantages of strong disease resistance, good heat resistance, upright plant type, close holding, no leaf curling, flat leaf surface, green and glossy outer leaves and white petioles. The breeding method provided by the invention is simple and easy to operate for breeding of the male parent, can reduce the time for breeding the filial generation and improve the breeding efficiency.
After obtaining the male parent and the female parent with stable heredity, the invention respectively seeds the male parent and the female parent, when the male parent and the female parent bloom, the female parent and the male parent are tested and matched, and the hybrid seeds are collected. The invention preferably leads the female parent and the male parent to bloom simultaneously by controlling the seeding time; the method of testing preferably comprises a half-round method. The method for obtaining the hybrid seeds provided by the invention has the advantages of high efficiency, and meanwhile, the hybrid seeds show obvious heterosis.
The invention carries out field test identification and evaluation on the obtained hybrid seeds in different seasons, and screens the non-heading Chinese cabbage variety which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste. In the invention, the screening standard of the disease resistance of the plant grown after the hybrid seed is sowed is preferably the screening standard of the disease resistance of the plant grown after the hybrid seed is sowed, and the screening standard of the disease resistance of the plant grown after the hybrid seed is also resistant to soft rot, black rot and anthracnose; the screening standard of the heat resistance is preferably the growth temperature which is higher than or equal to 38 ℃; the selection standard of fast growth is preferably that the growth period is less than or equal to 35d. The breeding method provided by the invention utilizes hybridization among the subspecies of the Chinese cabbage to breed the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste; by utilizing the characteristic of high growth speed of the early-maturing Chinese cabbage and the characteristic of strong heat resistance of the green stem vegetable, the two are used as parent materials for hybridization to breed a new variety of the non-heading Chinese cabbage which is suitable for being planted in summer and autumn and has disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste. The QD1701 of the new variety of the non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by breeding in practical application is shown in figure 1.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage with disease resistance, heat resistance, fast growth and good taste provided by the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Breeding of female parent green stem vegetable
Selecting 36 parts of parent material (shown in table 1) of a high-generation strain of the excellent green stem vegetable, sowing the parent material in 2016, 7, 8 and identifying the disease resistance, the heat resistance and the properties, sowing seeds of the plant with the identified disease resistance, heat resistance and properties in 2016, 11, 25 and 25 days, measuring the affinity index in 2017 early spring, simultaneously investigating the plant properties and disease resistance, and identifying and screening 3 parts of self-incompatible lines (Q-34-3, Q-2-85 and Q-9-4) with disease resistance, heat resistance, upright plant type, small leaves and dark green and glossy leaf color in summer and spring.
2. Breeding of male parent Chinese cabbage
Selecting 34 parts of parent materials (shown in table 2) of high-generation strains of the excellent Chinese cabbages, sowing the parent materials in 2016 (7/8 th) days, identifying disease resistance, heat resistance, quality and fast-growing property (the growth period is less than or equal to 35D), sowing the identified seeds in 2016 (11/25 th) days, performing affinity index determination in spring flowering, and identifying and screening 3 parts of self-incompatible lines (D-2, D-8 and D-19) with disease resistance, heat resistance, excellent property and fast-growing property in summer and spring.
3. Combination preparation
In 2017, in spring, green stem vegetables Q-34-3, Q-2-85 and Q-9-4 are used as female parents, chinese cabbage D-2, D-8 and D-19 are used as male parents, a half-round matching method is adopted for testing and matching, 9 combinations are prepared, and combined seeds are harvested.
4. Hybrid combinatorial identification, evaluation and screening
Sowing the combined seeds in summer of 25 days 6 months 6 in 2018, adopting a plug seedling, preferably selecting a row spacing of transplanted plants to be 25cm multiplied by 25cm, investigating disease resistance, adaptability, fast growth, quality and yield of plants grown from the combined seeds, screening excellent combinations with excellent properties and fast growth, identifying the properties of the plants, mainly comprising plant types, leaf colors, glossiness, commodity properties and the like, and finally breeding a new combination QD1701 of the disease-resistant, heat-resistant, excellent properties and fast-growing Chinese cabbage.
Application example 1
The QD1701 provided in example 1 is subjected to multipoint test identification for many years in 2018-2020, and the QD1701 has the advantages of disease resistance, heat resistance, strong adaptability, high growth speed, good commodity, excellent quality, high yield and the like, is popularized in parts of the country and is favored by growers.
QD1701 is planted in summer in the plain area of Fuzhou of 2018-2020 (the schematic diagram is shown in figure 2), resists high temperature above 38 ℃, and has the characteristics of soft rot, black rot and anthracnose in field investigation; in summer and autumn of Fuzhou, when the time from sowing to harvesting is 30-35 d, the average plant weight is more than 80g (the image of a single plant is shown in figure 3), the average plant height is 25cm, the average spreading degree is 25cm, she Dao is oval, the leaf surface is flat, the outer leaves are green and glossy, the leaf stalks are green and white, the crude fibers are few, the taste is good, and the average yield per mu is more than 2000 kg.
According to the breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, the non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by breeding through the breeding method is resistant to various diseases, resistant to the growth temperature of over 38 ℃, and fast in growth for 30-35 days, and meanwhile, the breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage is fine in taste.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A breeding method of a disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) The method comprises the following steps of (1) respectively sowing green-stem vegetable self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance and excellent in character as female parents, and fast-growing Chinese cabbage self-incompatible lines which are stable in heredity, strong in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character as male parents, testing and matching the female parents and the male parents when the male parents and the female parents bloom, and collecting hybrid seeds;
the breeding method of the female parent comprises the following steps: sowing green stalk vegetable seeds in summer and autumn, identifying the disease resistance and heat resistance of the green stalk vegetable, sowing the green stalk vegetable with strong heat resistance and strong disease resistance obtained by identification and screening in winter, carrying out artificial flowering period self-pollination and screening self-incompatible green stalk vegetable strains with strong disease resistance, strong heat resistance and excellent properties when flowering in spring, and obtaining Q-34-3 with a parent source of Jin Xiaguan, wherein the parent source is Q-2-85 of Xiaji and the parent source is Q-9-4 of Xiaji No. 3;
the breeding method of the male parent comprises the following steps: sowing fast-growing Chinese cabbage seeds in summer and autumn, identifying disease resistance, heat resistance, excellent plant quality and fast-growing property, sowing the Chinese cabbage which is identified and screened and has the disease resistance, the heat resistance, the excellent plant quality and the fast-growing property in winter, carrying out artificial flowering period selfing and pollination in spring flowering, screening a Chinese cabbage strain which is incompatible in selfing, good in disease resistance, strong in heat resistance, excellent in character and fast-growing, and obtaining a D2 with a Kyoho fast-growing cabbage as a parent source, a D8 with a golden fast-growing cabbage as a parent source, and a D19 with a Shen Rong rocket as a parent source;
(2) And (3) performing field test identification and evaluation on the hybrid seeds in different seasons, and screening the non-heading Chinese cabbage variety which is disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good in taste.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the method for artificial flowering stage self-pollination comprises the following operations: selecting strong branches on male parent or female parent plants in the flowering period, picking off flowers which have opened, reserving unopened flower buds, carrying out bagging operation, and unraveling bags for artificial pollination after bagging for 3-4 days.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, further comprising threshing after the seeds are mature after the artificial flowering stage self-pollination, counting the number of seeds per pod, and determining a self-incompatible plant when the average number of seeds per pod is less than or equal to 1.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the female parent and the male parent flower simultaneously by controlling the seeding time.
5. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the screening conditions for good traits include erect plant type and/or small leaves and/or dark green leaves with luster and/or fine mouthfeel.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the screening criteria for disease resistance of the male parent and the female parent are combined resistance to soft rot, black rot and anthracnose.
7. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the screening standard of the heat resistance of the male parent is the condition that the male parent can resist the growth temperature of more than or equal to 38 ℃ and the leaves do not curl; the screening standard of the heat resistance of the female parent is that the female parent can resist the growth temperature of more than or equal to 38 ℃, and the conditions of no plant jointing, flat leaves and no shrinkage occur.
8. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the fast-growing selection criterion is a growth period ≤ 35d.
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