CN110972931A - Breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbage - Google Patents
Breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972931A CN110972931A CN201911304578.5A CN201911304578A CN110972931A CN 110972931 A CN110972931 A CN 110972931A CN 201911304578 A CN201911304578 A CN 201911304578A CN 110972931 A CN110972931 A CN 110972931A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breeding method of disease-resistant and bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages, which belongs to the technical field of Chinese cabbage planting, and particularly selects bolting-resistant excellent single plants through selfing separation progeny; carrying out multi-generation selfing on the single plant to obtain a parent P1; selecting an antiviral self-incompatible line and a downy mildew resistant self-incompatible line for hybridization, separating offspring and selecting excellent single plants with strong disease resistance; then the selected individual plant is hybridized with a soft rot resistant self-incompatible line, offspring is separated, and a good individual plant with strong disease resistance is bred as a parent P2; respectively determining a female parent and a male parent through a positive and negative cross affinity experiment, and hybridizing to obtain a progeny single plant; selfing the filial plant for several generations to obtain disease-resistant and bolting-resistant seed with stable sexual characteristics; the breeding method has the characteristics of small breeding blindness and high selection efficiency, and the bred seeds have high resistance to downy mildew, soft rot and dry heart multiple diseases, thereby overcoming the problem that the bolting resistant spring Chinese cabbage does not resist virus diseases at present.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese cabbage planting, in particular to a breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbage.
Background
Chinese cabbage, which is a leaf vegetable of Brassica of Brassicaceae, is native to the north of China and is introduced to the south; the Chinese cabbage can be divided into spring Chinese cabbage, summer Chinese cabbage, early autumn Chinese cabbage and autumn and winter Chinese cabbage according to cultivation season; the spring Chinese cabbage is the traditional out-of-season cultivated vegetable, is on the market in spring and summer, is in a vegetable slack season, can adjust market supply, and has good economic benefit; but has the defects of poor capacity of resisting virus diseases and dry heartburn and long growth period; in recent years, a small amount of spring Chinese cabbage varieties bred in China come into the market, but the bolting resistance and the yield are further improved. However, for spring cabbage varieties widely planted in spring and in summer in alpine mountain areas in northern China, although the bolting resistance is strong, the disease resistance, the quality and the storage resistance are urgently required to be improved and improved, so that the technical problem of breeding of spring cabbages at present cannot be achieved at the same time as the disease resistance, the bolting resistance and the storage and transportation properties.
At present, the breeding of the Chinese cabbage basically adopts a heterosis utilization approach, and at present, several seed production approaches for utilizing the heterosis of the Chinese cabbage mainly comprise self-incompatibility, high-generation self-bred lines, male sterility and the like. However, the conventional breeding method has long breeding material period, the pure line is slow to obtain, and the bred seeds have insignificant disease resistance and bolting resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a breeding method of disease-resistant and bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages, and aims to adopt an inbred line breeding method aiming at bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage varieties or non-disease-resistant diseases to breed high-resistance bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage varieties, shorten the breeding time and improve the disease resistance of the bred varieties.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
A breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages specifically comprises the following steps:
1) selecting Qianbai No. 5 Chinese cabbage, selfing, separating progeny, and selecting bolting resistant excellent single plant A;
2) and (3) field planting the selected single plant A bolting-resistant single plant, carrying out normal cultivation management, carrying out self-pollination and seed collection after the plant bolting and flowering, breeding a stable excellent filial generation B, and taking the filial generation B as a parent P1.
3) Selecting an antiviral self-incompatible line and a downy mildew resistant self-incompatible line for hybridization, separating offspring and selecting an excellent single plant C with strong disease resistance;
4) and hybridizing the selected single plant C with a soft rot resistant self-incompatible line, separating the progeny, breeding a good single plant D with strong disease resistance, and taking the single plant D as a parent P2.
5) Performing a positive and negative cross affinity experiment on the parent P1 and the parent P2, and determining that the parent P1 is used as a female parent and the parent P2 is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a filial generation E;
6) and (4) carrying out seed soaking, sprouting and vernalization treatment on the filial generation E, and selfing for multiple times to breed stable and excellent filial generation to obtain the Chinese cabbage seeds.
Preferably, the single-plant bolting-resistant single-plant Chinese cabbage A is subjected to 2-3 generations of selfing, and a filial generation B is bred.
Further preferably, the virus-resistant self-incompatible line is selected from Youkang No. 98.
Preferably, the filial generation E is subjected to 3-5 generations of selfing to select the Chinese cabbage seeds of stable and excellent filial generation.
Further preferably, artificial pollination is adopted in the processes of parent self-separation, parent self-purification and hybridization.
Further preferably, the seed soaking and germination accelerating step is to soak seeds for 2.5 hours by using clear water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, accelerate germination for 18-24 hours at room temperature, break most of radicles of the seeds through the seed coats, and then place the seeds into a refrigerator to start vernalization.
Preferably, the vernalization treatment is that the seeds are washed once every 2 days at the temperature of 1-4 ℃ by using clear water for vernalization treatment for 15-25 days, the length of the vernalized seed embryo root is 1-1.5cm, and the seed coat falls off.
More preferably, the planting density of the Chinese cabbage seeds obtained by breeding in the step 6 in the field is 2300-2500 strains.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that.
The breeding method has the characteristics of simple breeding process, small blindness and high selection efficiency. The breeding method is utilized to breed the high disease resistance bolting resistant spring cabbage variety, the variety is subjected to production tests in Shanxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan and the like to demonstrate and popularize the planting of the variety to show various diseases such as high downy mildew resistance, soft rot resistance and dry heart disease resistance, and the problem that spring cabbages at home and abroad are not resistant to the disease at present is overcome. The growth period of the Chinese cabbage is 5-7 days earlier than that of the common Chinese cabbage; the bolting resistance reaches or exceeds the standard of imported spring Chinese cabbages, the net vegetable rate is high, the plant type is compact, the yield is remarkably increased in severe disease areas and severe stubble fields, the yield is increased by 12 percent and 23 percent respectively in 2018 spring, mountain and west compared with Yujin and disease-resistant Jinfeng, and the shortened stem is not elongated. The Chinese cabbage variety obtained by breeding has green outer leaves, wavy leaf margins, white petioles, semi-straight cylindrical leaf bulbs, outer comfortable and inner embracing of the leaf bulbs, milky yellow central leaf of the top bulb, 3.0 kilograms of single bulb weight, attractive vegetable shape and good commodity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The technical solutions of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of protection is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) breeding a parent P1: selecting cold green cabbage, selfing for 2 generations, and separating off-spring to obtain bolting-resistant excellent single plant A; the cold green cabbage is a first generation of bolting resistant hybrid bred by hybridizing an inbred incompatible line 'WC-03-05-05' and an inbred line 'WC-02-08-04'. The female parent 'WC-03-05-05' is a self-incompatible line which is bred by 'Suzhou green' through 5 generations. The plant height is about 25cm, the development degree is about 30cm, the leaf surface is green and glossy. The male parent 'WC-02-08-04' is a bolting-resistant single plant selected from a 'dwarf resistant green' group, the plant height is about 20cm, the expansion degree is about 22cm, and the petiole is wide and thick.
And (3) field planting the selected single plant A bolting-resistant single plant, carrying out normal cultivation management, carrying out selfing for 3 generations after the plant is subjected to bolting and flowering, collecting seeds, breeding stable and excellent filial generation B, and taking the filial generation B as a parent P1. In the cultivation management, the cultivation soil is prepared according to the ratio of 1:1:1 of grass carbon, soil and decomposed cow dung and is filled into flowerpots with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 35cm, plants with complete tumor-free roots are selected, 1 plant is fixedly planted in each flowerpot, at least 11 pots are fixedly planted in each plant, sufficient water is filled, the flowerpot is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the illumination time of more than 12 hours every day for growth, the plants are subjected to bolting about 40 days, bagging isolation is carried out before flowering, and artificial selfing is carried out; after pollination, isolation is continued within the validity period of stigma, and the isolation is cancelled after 7-10 days.
2) And (3) breeding a parent P2: selecting an antiviral self-incompatible line excellent anti-98 and downy mildew resistant self-incompatible line Beijing New No. 3 for hybridization, separating offspring and selecting an excellent single plant C with strong disease resistance; and hybridizing the selected single plant C with the soft rot resistant self-incompatible line Lubai No. 6, separating the progeny, breeding a good single plant D with strong disease resistance, and taking the single plant D as a parent P2. The hybridization process is carried out in a test field separated by the same insect-separating net; and removing the screened Chinese cabbage plants from the test field to realize separation and purification.
3) Performing a positive and negative cross affinity experiment on the parent P1 and the parent P2, and determining that the parent P1 is used as a female parent and the parent P2 is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a filial generation E; and (4) carrying out seed soaking, sprouting and vernalization treatment on the filial generation E, and selfing for multiple times to breed stable and excellent filial generation to obtain the Chinese cabbage seeds. The seed soaking and germination accelerating step is to soak seeds for 2.5h by clear water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, accelerate germination for 20 h at room temperature, break most of the radicles of the seeds through the seed coats, and then put the seeds into a refrigerator to begin vernalization. And (3) putting the seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination acceleration into a refrigerator at the temperature of 1-4 ℃, washing the seeds once every 2 days with clear water, performing vernalization for 20 days, wherein the roots of the vernalized seeds are 1-1.5cm long, and the seed coats fall off. Breeding to obtain Chinese cabbage seeds, and storing the Chinese cabbage seeds under the conditions of sealing, cooling in the shade and drying; the storage temperature is 5-18 ℃; the relative humidity of the air is not higher than 50%.
4) Planting the obtained Chinese cabbage seeds in the field with the planting density of 2500 plants; sowing the Chinese cabbage seeds obtained by breeding in spring and autumn by adopting a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode; sowing when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃; the seed obtained by breeding can be planted in spring and autumn in northern Shanxi and can be planted in three seasons in Yungunya and Guichuan provinces.
Example 2
A breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages specifically comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) breeding a parent P1: selecting Qianbai No. 5, selfing for 3 generations, and separating off-spring to obtain a bolting-resistant excellent single plant A; the self-incompatible line C-1 and the self-incompatible line Zui-4 are matched and bred. The first generation of the middle-early hybrid. The overwintering cultivation is carried out until the leaf ball is mature for 132 days. The plant type is upright and compact, the plant height is 38.3 cm, and the development degree is 48.1 cm. The outer leaves are dark green, the petioles are white green, and the leaf surfaces are wrinkled; the leaf ball middle pile is in a straight cylinder shape, light yellow green, compact in nodulation, 1.25 kg in single ball weight, 0.7881 in leaf ratio, 86.6% in vegetable cleaning rate, strong in disease resistance, cold resistant and bolting resistant.
And (3) field planting the selected single plant A bolting-resistant single plant, carrying out normal cultivation management, carrying out selfing for 4 generations after the plant is subjected to bolting and flowering, collecting seeds, breeding stable and excellent filial generation B, and taking the filial generation B as a parent P1. In the cultivation management, the cultivation soil is prepared according to the ratio of 1:1:1 of grass carbon, soil and decomposed cow dung and is filled into flowerpots with the diameter of 30cm and the height of 35cm, plants with complete tumor-free roots are selected, 1 plant is fixedly planted in each flowerpot, at least 11 pots are fixedly planted in each plant, sufficient water is filled, the flowerpot is placed in an environment with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the illumination time of more than 12 hours every day for growth, the plants are subjected to bolting about 40 days, bagging isolation is carried out before flowering, and artificial selfing is carried out; after pollination, isolation is continued within the validity period of stigma, and the isolation is cancelled after 7-10 days.
2) And (3) breeding a parent P2: selecting an antiviral self-incompatible line 'Longbaielen' and an anti-downy mildew self-incompatible line Beijing New No. 3 for hybridization, separating offspring and selecting an excellent single plant C with strong disease resistance; the 'Longbai eleven' Chinese cabbage line is a first generation Chinese cabbage hybrid prepared from two self-incompatible lines, namely an early-maturing female parent G52B and a high virus disease resistant male parent 02-75-2;
and hybridizing the selected individual plant C with the soft rot resistant self-incompatible line chrysanthemum and brocade, separating the progeny, breeding a good individual plant D with strong disease resistance, and taking the individual plant D as a parent P2. The hybridization process is carried out in a test field separated by the same insect-separating net; and removing the screened Chinese cabbage plants from the test field to realize separation and purification.
3) Performing a positive and negative cross affinity experiment on the parent P1 and the parent P2, and determining that the parent P1 is used as a female parent and the parent P2 is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a filial generation E; and (4) carrying out seed soaking, sprouting and vernalization treatment on the filial generation E, and selfing for multiple times to breed stable and excellent filial generation to obtain the Chinese cabbage seeds. The seed soaking and germination accelerating step is to soak seeds for 2.5h by clear water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, accelerate germination for 20 h at room temperature, break most of the radicles of the seeds through the seed coats, and then put the seeds into a refrigerator to begin vernalization. And (3) putting the seeds subjected to seed soaking and germination acceleration into a refrigerator at the temperature of 1-4 ℃, washing the seeds once every 2 days with clear water, performing vernalization for 20 days, wherein the roots of the vernalized seeds are 1-1.5cm long, and the seed coats fall off. Breeding to obtain Chinese cabbage seeds, and storing the Chinese cabbage seeds under the conditions of sealing, cooling in the shade and drying; the storage temperature is 5-18 ℃; the relative humidity of the air is not higher than 50%.
4) Planting the obtained Chinese cabbage seeds in the field with the planting density of 2500 plants; sowing the Chinese cabbage seeds obtained by breeding in spring and autumn by adopting a seedling transplanting or direct sowing mode; sowing when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃; the seed obtained by breeding can be planted in spring and autumn in northern Shanxi and can be planted in three seasons in Yungunya and Guichuan provinces.
While the invention has been described in further detail with reference to specific preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbages is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting Qianbai No. 5 Chinese cabbage, selfing, separating progeny, and selecting bolting resistant excellent single plant A;
2) planting the selected single plant A which is bolting resistant, normally cultivating and managing, selfing and pollinating the plant after bolting and flowering, collecting seeds, breeding stable and excellent filial generation B, and taking the filial generation B as a parent P1;
3) selecting an antiviral self-incompatible line and a downy mildew resistant self-incompatible line for hybridization, separating offspring and selecting an excellent single plant C with strong disease resistance;
4) hybridizing the selected individual plant C with a soft rot resistant self-incompatible line, separating offspring, breeding a good individual plant D with strong disease resistance, and taking the individual plant D as a parent P2;
5) performing a positive and negative cross affinity experiment on the parent P1 and the parent P2, and determining that the parent P1 is used as a female parent and the parent P2 is used as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain a filial generation E;
6) and (4) carrying out seed soaking, sprouting and vernalization treatment on the filial generation E, and selfing for multiple times to breed stable and excellent filial generation to obtain the Chinese cabbage seeds.
2. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that single A bolting-resistant single Chinese cabbage is selfed for 2-3 generations to breed offspring B.
3. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the disease-resistant self-incompatible line is selected from Youkang No 98.
4. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring cabbage according to claim 1, wherein progeny E is selfed for 3-5 generations to select stable and excellent progeny Chinese cabbage seeds.
5. The method for breeding disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the processes of parent self-segregation, parent self-purification and hybridization all adopt artificial pollination.
6. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring cabbage according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking and germination accelerating is to soak seeds with clear water at 25-30 ℃ for 2.5h, then to accelerate germination at room temperature for 18-24 h, most of the radicles of the seeds break through the seed coats, and then to put into a refrigerator to begin vernalization.
7. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the vernalization treatment is washing with clear water every 2 days at 1-4 ℃, the vernalization treatment is 15-25 days, the vernalized seed embryo root is 1-1.5cm long, and the seed coat falls off.
8. The breeding method of disease-resistant bolting-resistant spring Chinese cabbage according to claim 1, characterized in that the planting density of the Chinese cabbage seeds obtained by breeding in step 6 in the field is 2300-2500 plantlets.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112931187A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of Chinese cabbage hybrid with high virus disease resistance |
| CN112931186A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material |
| CN113396814A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-09-17 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Breeding method of disease-resistant, heat-resistant, fast-growing and good-taste non-heading Chinese cabbage |
| CN114646740A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-21 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Indoor identification method for bolting resistance of spring Chinese cabbage |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112931187A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of Chinese cabbage hybrid with high virus disease resistance |
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| CN114646740A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-21 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Indoor identification method for bolting resistance of spring Chinese cabbage |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |