CN112931186A - Breeding method of high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931186A CN112931186A CN202110342724.4A CN202110342724A CN112931186A CN 112931186 A CN112931186 A CN 112931186A CN 202110342724 A CN202110342724 A CN 202110342724A CN 112931186 A CN112931186 A CN 112931186A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of a high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material, belonging to the technical field of Chinese cabbage breeding, wherein a female parent 1-2d before blooming is treated by adopting an artificial bud sowing method, male parent pollen is taken to pollinate onto a stigma of the female parent, a hybridization bag is sleeved on the stigma, the hybridization bag is removed after 7d to obtain a plant seed F1, and F1 is subjected to continuous selfing separation for 5 generations until the high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material is obtained. Compared with the Chinese cabbage on the market at present, the Chinese cabbage seed material with the high downy mildew resistance is equivalent to or more early-maturing, is more easily resistant to downy mildew, reduces the incidence of the Chinese cabbage, meets the requirements of people all the year round on the Chinese cabbage and the quality of vegetables, and has a wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese cabbage breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a Chinese cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity.
Background
The Chinese cabbage is a brassica species of brassica of Brassicaceae, and the product is fresh and tender, has unique flavor and rich nutrition. Chinese cabbage is native to China and is one of vegetable crops which are deeply loved by people. With the increasing improvement of the living standard of people, people put forward higher requirements on the aspects of the quality, resistance, growth period and the like of Chinese cabbages; meanwhile, the climate change and the development of diseases present many new problems for the scientific research and production of the Chinese cabbage. Particularly, in recent years, the occurrence of Chinese cabbage downy mildew is becoming more serious, and the occurrence of the downy mildew becomes an important factor for limiting the improvement of the yield and the quality of the Chinese cabbage. Therefore, a breeding method capable of breeding the Chinese cabbage germplasm material with extremely early maturity and good downy mildew resistance effect is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity, so as to solve the problems provided in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a breeding method of a cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Chinese cabbages to be introduced in the ecological form similar area according to social and economic factors;
s2, planting the introduced Chinese cabbage germplasm in a large area, and waiting for harvesting;
s3, before harvesting, primarily selecting plants according to various standards, and marking the individual plants;
s4, improving the standard, checking the initially selected plants, and eliminating a part of the plants;
s5, collecting the selected plants, and selecting according to the target characters of plant weight, leaf color, upper color and early maturing time;
s6, seed soaking, germination accelerating, vernalization treating and self-pollination are carried out on the selected plant seeds;
s7, when seed pod and seed coat of Chinese cabbage plant are brown, cutting off the branch, air drying, and threshing and storing;
s8, selecting single plant seeds with relatively good quality as female parents, and selecting single plant seeds with relatively early maturity and good downy mildew resistance as male parents;
s9, processing the female parent 1-2d before flowering by adopting an artificial bud sowing method, taking pollen of the male parent to pollinate the stigmas of the female parent, sleeving a hybridization bag, and removing the hybridization bag after 7d to obtain plant seeds F1;
s10, carrying out isolated planting on plant seeds F1, carrying out free pollination, selecting single plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to carry out bud stripping and selfing when buds appear, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F2;
s11, planting the plant seeds F2 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F3;
s12, planting the plant seeds F3 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F4;
s13, planting seeds of excellent single plants in the plant seeds F4 according to a pedigree, comparing the seeds with parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm, covering and isolating the strains which are equivalent to or early mature and good in downy mildew resistance, and performing free pollination to obtain the extremely early-mature Chinese cabbage germplasm material F5 with high downy mildew resistance.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, the ecological form similar area, namely the area with similar temperature in the perennial planting time span, is used for preventing the Chinese cabbage germplasm from being introduced into the area with large temperature difference, the Chinese cabbage germplasm is easy to bolting in autumn, otherwise, the Chinese cabbage germplasm is easy to loose or reduce the leaf bulbs.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S1, the socioeconomic factors include different preference choices of the shapes of the leaf bulbs, the sizes of the leaf bulbs, the holding manner of the leaves, the leaf colors and the color of the upper parts of the Chinese cabbage in various places.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the S3, the standards comprise growth habit, plant height, spherical shape, cohesion mode and downy mildew resistance of the Chinese cabbage.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the step S7, when branches are selected, buds at the base parts and the middle parts of the branches are selected once, and 10-20 flowers are reserved on each branch.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in the S8, the selection standard of the female parent is Chinese cabbage germplasm with strong applicability and good comprehensive properties, the selection standard of the male parent is Chinese cabbage germplasm with good target properties according to the properties required to be improved by the female parent, and the method selects two target properties of precocity and downy mildew resistance.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, in S10, S11 and S12, the single plant with earlier early maturing time and better downy mildew resistance can also be bagged by 1-3% salt solution for selfing.
Further optimizing the technical scheme, the number of the planted plants of F1 is at least 50, the number of the planted plants of F2 is at least 300, the number of the planted plants of F3 is at least 150, and the number of the planted plants of F4 is at least 75.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of a cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity, and the breeding method has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the Chinese cabbage on the market at present, the Chinese cabbage seed material with the high downy mildew resistance is equivalent to or more early-maturing, is more easily resistant to downy mildew, reduces the incidence of the Chinese cabbage, meets the requirements of people all the year round on the Chinese cabbage and the quality of vegetables, and has a wide market prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a data parameter table of parents of a method for breeding a Chinese cabbage variety with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity;
FIG. 2 is a data parameter table of F1-F5 plant varieties of the breeding method of the extremely early maturing Chinese cabbage variety with high downy mildew resistance provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a breeding method of a cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting Chinese cabbages for introduction in regions with similar ecological shapes according to social and economic factors (the regions with similar ecological shapes are regions with similar temperature in the year-round planting time span and are used for preventing regions with small temperature difference from being introduced into the regions with large temperature difference, the germplasm of the Chinese cabbages is easy to bolt in autumn, otherwise, the phenomenon that the germplasm of the Chinese cabbages is easy to loose or reduce in leaf bulbs is caused;
s2, planting the introduced Chinese cabbage germplasm in a large area, and waiting for harvesting;
s3, before harvesting, primarily selecting plants according to various standards (including growth habit, plant height, spherical shape, cohesion mode and downy mildew resistance of Chinese cabbage), and marking single plants;
s4, improving the standard, checking the initially selected plants, and eliminating a part of the plants;
s5, collecting the selected plants, and selecting according to the target characters of plant weight, leaf color, upper color and early maturing time;
s6, seed soaking, germination accelerating, vernalization treating and self-pollination are carried out on the selected plant seeds;
s7, when seed pod and seed coat of Chinese cabbage plant turn brown, cutting off the branch, air drying, selecting buds at the base and middle of the branch, keeping 10-20 flowers in each branch, and threshing and storing;
s8, selecting single seeds with relatively good quality as female parents, selecting single seeds with relatively early maturity and good downy mildew resistance as male parents, wherein the female parents are selected from Chinese cabbage germplasms with strong applicability and good comprehensive properties, the male parents are selected from Chinese cabbage germplasms with good target properties according to the properties required to be improved by the female parents, and the method selects two target properties of early maturity and downy mildew resistance;
s9, processing the female parent 1-2d before flowering by adopting an artificial bud sowing method, taking pollen of the male parent to pollinate the stigmas of the female parent, sleeving a hybridization bag, and removing the hybridization bag after 7d to obtain plant seeds F1;
s10, carrying out isolated planting on plant seeds F1, carrying out free pollination, selecting single plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to carry out bud stripping and selfing when buds appear, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F2;
s11, planting the plant seeds F2 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F3;
s12, planting the plant seeds F3 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F4;
in the S10, S11 and S12, the single plants with earlier early maturing time and better downy mildew resistance can also be bagged by 1-3% salt solution for selfing.
S13, planting seeds of excellent single plants in the plant seeds F4 according to a pedigree, comparing the seeds with parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm, covering and isolating the strains which are equivalent to or early mature and good in downy mildew resistance, and performing free pollination to obtain the extremely early-mature Chinese cabbage germplasm material F5 with high downy mildew resistance.
The number of the F1 planted plants is at least 50, the target character of the Chinese cabbage is unstable during the planting process of the first generation hybrid, and a large number of plants are needed to observe, so that the number of the F2 planted plants is at least 300, the number of the F3 planted plants is at least 150, and the number of the F4 planted plants is at least 75.
Example two:
the breeding method of the cabbage variety with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity is adopted to breed and plant the cabbage, various data parameters of a female parent and a male parent in the adopted parents are shown in figure 1, and the early maturity character and the downy mildew resistance character of the male parent are good.
As shown in figure 2, R in figure 2 represents disease resistance, HR represents high resistance, and the F2 target trait is unstable, so that the early maturing trait and the downy mildew resistance trait are not well performed by F1 plant seeds. After F3 plant seeds are planted according to a pedigree, the early maturing character and the downy mildew resistance character are gradually and obviously expressed, and compared with the parents, the early maturing character and the downy mildew resistance character are better than the data parameters of the female parent and the male parent, and the method for breeding the high downy mildew resistance extremely early maturing Chinese cabbage seed material has the advantages that the early maturing property is equivalent to or earlier than that of the Chinese cabbage, the downy mildew resistance is easier, and the incidence probability of the Chinese cabbage is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the Chinese cabbage on the market at present, the Chinese cabbage seed material with the high downy mildew resistance is equivalent to or more early-maturing, is more easily resistant to downy mildew, reduces the incidence of the Chinese cabbage, meets the requirements of people all the year round on the Chinese cabbage and the quality of vegetables, and has a wide market prospect.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method of a cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting Chinese cabbages to be introduced in the ecological form similar area according to social and economic factors;
s2, planting the introduced Chinese cabbage germplasm in a large area, and waiting for harvesting;
s3, before harvesting, primarily selecting plants according to various standards, and marking the individual plants;
s4, improving the standard, checking the initially selected plants, and eliminating a part of the plants;
s5, collecting the selected plants, and selecting according to the target characters of plant weight, leaf color, upper color and early maturing time;
s6, seed soaking, germination accelerating, vernalization treating and self-pollination are carried out on the selected plant seeds;
s7, when seed pod and seed coat of Chinese cabbage plant are brown, cutting off the branch, air drying, and threshing and storing;
s8, selecting single plant seeds with relatively good quality as female parents, and selecting single plant seeds with relatively early maturity and good downy mildew resistance as male parents;
s9, processing the female parent 1-2d before flowering by adopting an artificial bud sowing method, taking pollen of the male parent to pollinate the stigmas of the female parent, sleeving a hybridization bag, and removing the hybridization bag after 7d to obtain plant seeds F1;
s10, carrying out isolated planting on plant seeds F1, carrying out free pollination, selecting single plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to carry out bud stripping and selfing when buds appear, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F2;
s11, planting the plant seeds F2 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F3;
s12, planting the plant seeds F3 according to a pedigree, selecting individual plants with early maturing time and good downy mildew resistance to perform bud stripping and selfing by taking parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm as a contrast, and selecting plants with good target characters to obtain plant seeds F4;
s13, planting seeds of excellent single plants in the plant seeds F4 according to a pedigree, comparing the seeds with parents of the Chinese cabbage germplasm, covering and isolating the strains which are equivalent to or early mature and good in downy mildew resistance, and performing free pollination to obtain the extremely early-mature Chinese cabbage germplasm material F5 with high downy mildew resistance.
2. The selective breeding method of a cabbage germplasm with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early ripening according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the ecological similar region, namely the region with similar temperature in the perennial planting time span, is used for preventing the introduction of the region with small temperature difference into the region with large temperature difference, so that the cabbage germplasm is easy to bolt in autumn, otherwise, the loose or small leaf bulbs of the cabbage germplasm volume are easy to occur.
3. The method for selectively breeding the cabbage germplasm with high resistance to downy mildew and extremely early ripening according to claim 1, wherein in S1, socioeconomic factors include different preference choices for the shape of the head bulb, the size of the head bulb, the manner of holding the leaves together, the color of the leaves, and the color of the upper of the Chinese cabbage.
4. The method for breeding the cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance and high early ripening degree according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the standards comprise growth habit, plant height, spherical shape, cohesion mode and downy mildew resistance of the cabbage.
5. The method for breeding the cabbage germplasm material with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early ripening according to claim 1, wherein in S7, buds at the base and the middle of one branch are selected when the branch is selected, and 10-20 buds are reserved on each branch.
6. The breeding method of cabbage germplasm with high downy mildew resistance and extremely early maturity according to claim 1, wherein in S8, the female parent is a Chinese cabbage germplasm with strong applicability and good comprehensive properties, the male parent is a Chinese cabbage germplasm with good target properties according to the properties required to be improved by the female parent, and the method selects two target properties of early maturity and downy mildew resistance.
7. The method for breeding the cabbage seed material with high downy mildew resistance as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S10, S11 and S12, the single plant with earlier early ripening time and better downy mildew resistance can be bagged with 1-3% salt solution for selfing.
8. The method for breeding a cabbage seed material with high resistance to downy mildew and early ripening as claimed in claim 1, wherein said F1 plants are at least 50 plants, said F2 plants are at least 300 plants, said F3 plants are at least 150 plants, and said F4 plants are at least 75 plants.
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Application publication date: 20210611 |