CN102334445A - Pollination method for purity-conservation Chinese cabbage breeding material - Google Patents
Pollination method for purity-conservation Chinese cabbage breeding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN102334445A CN102334445A CN2010102283134A CN201010228313A CN102334445A CN 102334445 A CN102334445 A CN 102334445A CN 2010102283134 A CN2010102283134 A CN 2010102283134A CN 201010228313 A CN201010228313 A CN 201010228313A CN 102334445 A CN102334445 A CN 102334445A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pollination method for a purity-conservation Chinese cabbage breeding material. The method comprises the steps of: conducting soil preparation, harrowing, ridging, levelling, treading and top ridging; selecting a Chinese cabbage plant, removing old, diseased and rotten leaves, cutting away the upper half of the plant capitulum, dipping the root of the whole plant in a mixed solution of 100 times of carbendazim and chlorothalonil, then carrying out field planting to the plant in the middle of the ridge back, treading the root, and coating the root with a mulching film; covering the whole plant with an isolating net enclosure before the entering of the Chinese cabbage plant into an initial flowering stage, and inserting fixation rods on two sides of the isolating net enclosure respectively, fixing the isolating net enclosure on the fixation rods; when daily flowering quantity of the Chinese cabbage plant reaches more than 20, putting 2 bumblebees into the isolating net enclosure of each Chinese cabbage plant, then imbedding the mouth of the isolating net enclosure to the underground; after putting the bumblebees, spraying a mixed solution of 3%-4% of salt and 500 times of borax by mass every morning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of pollination self, specifically, relate to a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material, belong to the vegetable breeding technical field.
Background technology
Chinese cabbage belongs to Cruciferae, entomophilous flower, and cross pollinated plant, most Chinese cabbage cultivar pollination self compatibilities are relatively poor.It is through natural isolation 1-2 kilometer that traditional Chinese cabbage cultivar is protected pure, and spontaneous pollination is preserved.But Chinese cabbage cultivar still is easy to natural crossing like this, causes mixing of Chinese cabbage breeding material.The seventies in last century; It is pure that the Chinese cabbage breeding units selects for use purification and rejuvenation that the method for " simple inflorescence cover sheepskin paper bag; artificial pollination " carries out the Chinese cabbage breeding material and inbred line breeding to protect, though pollinate isolation effect so better, shortcoming is a lot; Mainly show: the Chinese cabbage florescence is more concentrated, carries out the pollination of simple inflorescence stripping flower bud when needing a large amount of manual interlocking; In the stripping flower bud process, if the pollination personnel operation is not strict, lack of skill, sterilization does not thoroughly wait and is easy to cause mutual string powder between the kind, makes breeding resource people for mixing or running off.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention will solve is the deficiency to prior art; A kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material is provided; Adopt this method that Chinese cabbage is pollinated, not only can reduce cost, but also can improve the seed purity of Chinese cabbage plant and the rate of setting seeds.
For overcoming the above problems, technical scheme of the present invention is following: a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material is characterized in that: said pollinating method may further comprise the steps:
(1) do furrow: earlier soil is applied fertilizer, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 3000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed and biological controlled-released fertile 20～30 kilograms of Long Liwei wholely, more wholely, rake, ridging, rake and tread the top, ridge, to improve fertilizer efficiency, the generation of control damage by disease and insect;
(2) field planting of breeding material: select the Chinese cabbage maternal plant; The first half of pruning the maternal plant leaf-head with disliking mould spirit, Propamocarb and 3: 3: 1 composite dose of whole plant roots of 100 times of solution dippings of agricultural streptomycin, is colonizated in the centre of the ridge back of the body then then; Root is treaded, and buckles mulch film;
(3) cover Isolation net cover: before the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, will put in order strain and put Isolation net cover; If the flower that has during the cover Isolation net cover is open; Must open flower and kind pod all be removed, and plug dead lever respectively, Isolation net cover is fixed on the dead lever on the both sides of Isolation net cover;
(4) put into bumblebee: confirm that the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, day amount of blooming is at 20 when above, and pollen tube is loose powder normally; Put at least 2 bumblebees in every individual plant Chinese cabbage Isolation net cover; Directly imbed underground the Isolation net cover mouth in case bumblebee climbs out of then, observe living condition and the pollination progress of bumblebee every day, if when bumblebee runs into low temperature or heavy rain death is arranged in the guard; Must in time replenish, till the Chinese cabbage plant blossom finishes;
(5) spray solution: after putting into bumblebee in the Isolation net cover, select early morning 7～8 every day and spray salt and borax mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 3%-3.5% of salt in the mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 2 ‰ of borax;
(6) results: when the seed in pod flavescence of Chinese cabbage kind or the kind pod becomes yellowish-brown, can gather in the crops.
Further improvement as technique scheme:
In the said step (1), play wide ridge by 1 meter wide line-spacing, the ridge is high 25 centimetres.
In the said step (2), spacing in the rows is 1 meter during field planting.
In the said step (3), said Isolation net cover is 40 order nylon yarn mesh bags.
In the said step (4), the quantity of said bumblebee is 2.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme; Compared with prior art; Have the following advantages: with the whole plant root of composite dose of dipping of disliking mould spirit, Propamocarb and agricultural streptomycin, can effectively prevent thin disease such as microbial withered disease of the incident reaping hook of maternal plant root and soft rot in the field planting of breeding material.
Spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer and the biological controlled-released fertilizer of Long Liwei that become thoroughly decomposed wholely when doing furrow, can improve fertilizer efficiency, the generation of control damage by disease and insect.
Spray salt and borax mixed solution early morning every day, can break the incompatibility and the seat pod rate that improves plant of self incompatible line.
Use 40 order nylon yarn mesh bags promptly can isolate the effect of pollen and insect, help ventilation and penetrating light again, the too big isolation effect of the following mesh of 30 orders is poor, too close unfavorable ventilation and penetrating light more than 50 orders.
Bombus Apidae bumblebee family insect because of its biological nature and morphosis characteristics, has determined that it is the optimal insect of plant pollination.Bumblebee is individual big, long from head to foot villous, and each portability pollen is tens thousand of individual, advantage such as have that the powder of adopting ability is strong, low temperature resistant, low light tolerance, wet resistance are strong.In addition, bumblebee also has and other honeybee is very significantly distinguished, that is: after leaving beehive and bee colony; Bumblebee has the special habit of living on one's own life; It is single-minded, timely, effective to pollinate, and with bumblebee the Chinese cabbage plant is pollinated, and can carry out the purification and rejuvenation of Chinese cabbage maternal plant, seed selection inbred line and self incompatible line etc. for the Chinese cabbage breeding and save the great amount of manpower resource; Cost is low, and it is effective to pollinate.
The pollination effect of putting into 1 bumblebee in the Isolation net cover is poor, can increase cost more than 2.
Line-spacing during ridging is set to 1 meter, and the ridge height is set to 25 centimetres, and spacing in the rows is set to 1 meter during field planting, and growth with Chinese cabbage helps ventilating.
After adopting above technical scheme, saved human resources, reduced cost, the Chinese cabbage seeds purity that obtains is high, and the individual plant grain yield obviously improves.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further:
Specific embodiment
Embodiment, a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material may further comprise the steps:
(1) do furrow wholely: at first confirm the required booth of breeding material field planting, fertilising then, promptly every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 3000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed and biological controlled-released fertile 20～30 kilograms of Long Liwei; To improve fertilizer efficiency; The generation of control damage by disease and insect is put in order ground again, is raked, and plays wide ridge by 1 meter wide line-spacing; The ridge is high 25 centimetres, will rake and tread in the top, ridge;
(2) field planting of breeding material: the Chinese cabbage maternal plant that choosing is healthy and strong, remove foreigner's leaf, sick leaf, mashed leaf, the first half of pruning the maternal plant leaf-head; With disliking mould spirit, Propamocarb and 3: 3: 1 composite dose of whole plant roots of 100 times of solution dippings of agricultural streptomycin; The centre of carrying on the back on the ridge by 1 meter spacing in the rows field planting then, root is treaded, and buckles mulch film; Insert small bamboo, hang up number plate;
(3) cover Isolation net cover: according to effective expansion degree and the plant height of different Chinese cabbage plant, select customized can be with whole Isolation net cover that has overlapped of Chinese cabbage individual plant of full-bloom stage.Before the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, will put in order strain and put Isolation net cover, and plug 1 dead lever respectively, be fixed on Isolation net cover on the dead lever with little iron clamp on the both sides of Isolation net cover.If the flower that has during the cover Isolation net cover is open, must and plants pod and all remove open flower.Isolation net cover adopts 40 purpose nylon yarn mesh bags; Divide large, medium and small three kinds of specifications, big gauze bag is of a size of 1.8m * 1.2m, and middle gauze bag is of a size of 1.2m * 0.8m; Little gauze bag is of a size of 0.8m * 0.5m, can also select suitable guard based on plant height;
(4) put into bumblebee: confirm that the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, day amount of blooming is observed normally loose powder of pollen tube, for the best is put the honeybee time at 20 when above.Every individual plant Chinese cabbage is put into 2 of bumblebees, directly imbeds underground the gauze sack in case bumblebee climbs out of then, observes living condition and the pollination progress of bumblebee every day.If when bumblebee runs into low temperature or heavy rain death is arranged in the guard, must in time replenish, till the Chinese cabbage plant blossom finishes.Pollinate and almost lose the plant of kind of pod two weeks for putting bumblebee extremely individually, majority is that bumblebee can not be passed to pollen on the column cap and caused because column cap is shorter, and such plant will come produce to go up to use and also be difficult to utilize, and can directly abandon;
(5) spray solution: Chinese cabbage plant majority is a self incompatible line, need carry out chemical agent and handle, put into bumblebee in the Isolation net cover after; After early morning every day, dew left; Select early morning 7～8 every day and spray salt and borax mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 3%-3.5% of salt in the mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 2 ‰ of borax; To overcome its self-incompatibillity, improve the rate that bears pods of Chinese cabbage pollination self;
(6) results: the Chinese cabbage fruit is a pod, and ripe dry back is dehiscent fruit easily, and seed sheds.When the flavescence of Chinese cabbage kind pod, or strip off kind pod, when becoming yellowish-brown, can gather in the crops in the seed of the inside.
The quantity that every individual plant Chinese cabbage is put into bumblebee can also be more than 2.
Pollinating method of the present invention and traditional artificial bud pollination method are compared test; This test is carried out in the test region of scientific research institution, Weifang City, Shandong Province; The plantation managerial skills are consistent, are the local best field planting time by the end of March, so test is carried out locality in by the end of March, 2009.
Experimental group and control group are established in test, in the separation net booth, plant, and 1000 Chinese cabbage individual plants of experimental group plantation adopt pollinating method of the present invention, and 1000 Chinese cabbage individual plants of control group plantation adopt traditional artificial bud pollination method; Individual plant grain yield, seed purity and the cost of experimental group and control group are compared.
One, pollination effect: utilize pollinating method pollination of the present invention, bumblebee can whole day ceaselessly pollinate; And artificial pollination can only be carried out in a period of time in one day, generally 8 o'clock to the 11 o'clock morning, 2 pm to 5 points, once running into overcast and rainy can not work, miss the pollination Best Times easily.The mobility of bumblebee is strong in addition, and the pollination ability is 2-3 a times of common honeybee, and the pollination effect is higher than artificial pollination far away, and strong stress resistance, does not practice the crowd, is prone to survive.
Two, individual plant grain yield: with 3: 3: 1 composite dose of whole plant roots of 100 times of molten dippings of disliking mould spirit, Propamocarb and agricultural streptomycin, can effectively prevent thin disease such as microbial withered disease of the incident reaping hook of maternal plant root and soft rot in the field planting of breeding material; Spread fertilizer over the fields the fertilizer and the biological controlled-released fertilizer of Long Liwei that become thoroughly decomposed wholely when doing furrow, can improve fertilizer efficiency, the generation of control damage by disease and insect; Select early morning 7～8 every day and spray salt and borax mixed solution, break the incompatibility of self incompatible line, effect is best, is beneficial to a pod rate that improves plant.The average grain yield of Chinese cabbage individual plant that adopts pollinating method of the present invention is the 10-30 gram, is the 1-10 gram and adopt the average grain yield of Chinese cabbage individual plant of traditional artificial bud pollination method.
Three, seed purity: utilize pollinating method pollination of the present invention, use 40 order nylon yarn mesh bags can isolate the effect of pollen and insect, stopped the external pollination of other insect.And artificial pollination need be operated a lot of individual plants every day, and the centre has the artificial string powder that alcohol disinfecting is thorough or pollinating tool string usefulness causes unavoidably.Carrying out the individual plant material purity in autumn in 2009 identifies; Picked at random 560 strains respectively from experimental group and control group; In the Chinese cabbage plant, the string powder has 18 strains above 30% assorted strain in the control group, and the string powder has 41 strains in the assorted strain of 5%-30%; String powder plant accounts for 10.5% of total strain number, and the purity of Chinese cabbage individual plant all reaches 100% in the experimental group.
Four, save a large amount of manpowers: with 1000 strain Chinese cabbage individual plants is example, utilizes the bumblebee pollination only to need 2 common laborers to come into bloom to concentrate Chinese cabbage and puts honeybee, and the honeybee situation is put in the later stage inspection, and selectivity is put honeybee and got final product; And artificial pollination needs just can obtain the effect of pollinating relatively preferably in one month through the continuous pollination of the professional and technical personnel of training more than 20.
Five, cost saving: with 1000 strain Chinese cabbage individual plants is example, and each workman's monthly salary is 1000 yuan, and the price of every case bumblebee is 180 yuan, about 100 of every case bumblebees.The cost that utilizes bumblebee is that 1 month wage of 2 people adds 25 casees bumblebees, adds up to 2000 yuan+4500 yuan=6500 yuan; Using the cost of artificial pollination is 1 month wage of 20 professional and technical personnel, adds up to 20000 yuan, and the alcohol etc. of adding 5000 sulfuric acid paper bags, 5000 little iron clamps and sterilization usefulness adds up to 2000 yuan.The cost that utilizes the bumblebee pollination is less than 1/3 of artificial pollination cost.
Claims (5)
1. pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material, it is characterized in that: said pollinating method may further comprise the steps:
(1) do furrow: earlier soil is applied fertilizer, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 3000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed and biological controlled-released fertile 20～30 kilograms of Long Liwei wholely, more wholely, rake, ridging, rake and tread the top, ridge;
(2) field planting of breeding material: select the Chinese cabbage maternal plant; The first half of pruning the maternal plant leaf-head with disliking mould spirit, Propamocarb and 3: 3: 1 composite dose of whole plant roots of 100 times of solution dippings of agricultural streptomycin, is colonizated in the centre of the ridge back of the body then then; Root is treaded, and buckles mulch film;
(3) cover Isolation net cover: before the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, will put in order strain and put Isolation net cover; If the flower that has during the cover Isolation net cover is open; Must open flower and kind pod all be removed, and plug dead lever respectively, Isolation net cover is fixed on the dead lever on the both sides of Isolation net cover;
(4) put into bumblebee: confirm that the Chinese cabbage plant gets into initial bloom stage, day amount of blooming is at 20 when above, and pollen tube is loose powder normally; Put at least 2 bumblebees in every individual plant Chinese cabbage Isolation net cover; Directly imbed underground the Isolation net cover mouth in case bumblebee climbs out of then, observe living condition and the pollination progress of bumblebee every day, if when bumblebee runs into low temperature or heavy rain death is arranged in the guard; Must in time replenish, till the Chinese cabbage plant blossom finishes;
(5) spray solution: after putting into bumblebee in the Isolation net cover, select early morning 7～8 every day and spray salt and borax mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 3%-3.5% of salt in the mixed solution, the mass percent concentration 2 ‰ of borax;
(6) results: when the seed in pod flavescence of Chinese cabbage kind or the kind pod becomes yellowish-brown, can gather in the crops.
2. a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (1), play wide ridge by 1 meter wide line-spacing, the ridge is high 25 centimetres.
3. a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (2), spacing in the rows is 1 meter during field planting.
4. a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (3), said Isolation net cover is 40 order nylon yarn mesh bags.
5. a kind of pollinating method of protecting pure Chinese cabbage breeding material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: in the said step (4), the quantity of said bumblebee is 2.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN104756859A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-08 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Efficient and high-accuracy measuring and matching method for celery cabbage hybridized combination |
| CN104996118A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Breeding method capable of keeping purebred Shucheng Brassica campestris L. |
| CN105580730A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-18 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method |
| CN106508662A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Pollination method in angiosperm crop breeding process in facility |
| CN109729934A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | A method of it is pollinated using fly auxiliary brassicaceous vegetable |
| CN111758549A (en) * | 2019-12-07 | 2020-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Isolation and pollination method for single sunflower plant |
| CN112931186A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material |
| CN114793888A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-07-29 | 廊坊市农林科学院 | Method for breeding Chinese chives by pollinating bumblebees in greenhouse |
| CN117063831A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-11-17 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区棉花研究所新疆维吾尔自治区甜菜改良中心) | Self-mating pure breeding method for staggered cotton germplasm resource isolation net room |
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| CN104756859A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-07-08 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Efficient and high-accuracy measuring and matching method for celery cabbage hybridized combination |
| CN104996118A (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2015-10-28 | 安徽省舒城县舒丰现代农业科技开发有限责任公司 | Breeding method capable of keeping purebred Shucheng Brassica campestris L. |
| CN105580730A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-18 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method |
| CN106508662A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-03-22 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Pollination method in angiosperm crop breeding process in facility |
| CN109729934A (en) * | 2019-02-02 | 2019-05-10 | 北京市农林科学院 | A method of it is pollinated using fly auxiliary brassicaceous vegetable |
| CN111758549A (en) * | 2019-12-07 | 2020-10-13 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Isolation and pollination method for single sunflower plant |
| CN112931186A (en) * | 2021-03-30 | 2021-06-11 | 山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所 | Breeding method of high-downy mildew resistance extremely early-maturing Chinese cabbage seed material |
| CN114793888A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-07-29 | 廊坊市农林科学院 | Method for breeding Chinese chives by pollinating bumblebees in greenhouse |
| CN117063831A (en) * | 2023-06-21 | 2023-11-17 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所(新疆维吾尔自治区棉花研究所新疆维吾尔自治区甜菜改良中心) | Self-mating pure breeding method for staggered cotton germplasm resource isolation net room |
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