CN105580730A - Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method - Google Patents
Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105580730A CN105580730A CN201610091452.4A CN201610091452A CN105580730A CN 105580730 A CN105580730 A CN 105580730A CN 201610091452 A CN201610091452 A CN 201610091452A CN 105580730 A CN105580730 A CN 105580730A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method. The method comprises the steps of soil preparation and fertilization, field planting of seed plants, management before sleeving of an isolation net cover, sleeving of the isolation net cover, releasing of Osmia bees, checking and additional releasing of the Osmia bees, selfing-line management after pollination, seed harvesting of the seed plants and the like. The light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method is low in cost and easy to operate, and single-plant selfing-line seeds of obtained breeding materials and other single plants do not have a pollen crossing and mixing phenomenon.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese cabbage breeding field, be specifically related to a kind of open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing Seed Collecting Methods.
Background technology
Chinese cabbage belongs to Cruciferae, entomophilous flower, and cross pollinated plant, selfing is affinity phenomenon ubiquity not, has obvious hybrid vigour, and it is disease-resistant that half-blooded application has become domestic and international Chinese cabbage, high-quality, the primary measure of stable yields breeding.
At present, utilizing cabbage cytoplasm male sterility to carry out half-blood production is one of main path of Chinese cabbage heterosis utilization. Cabbage cytoplasm male sterility is to produce most economical, the effective idealized system of Chinese cabbage half-blood; utilize cytoplasmic sterile line to produce half-blood; can overcome artificial bud pollination in the breeding of self incompatible line parental seed and operate the shortcoming wasting time and energy; particularly utilize the cytoplasmic male sterile line high-quality half-blood that is easy to get; and there is the advantages such as the production of hybrid seeds is simple, application is convenient, with low cost, and can protect breeder's interests. Carry out, in the transformation process of male sterility, having the problem that obvious fecundity is low at Chinese cabbage self incompatible line, and Chinese cabbage inbred lines transformation becomes male sterile line performance fecundity good, it is high that sterile line is bred output. Chinese cabbage inbred lines seed selection is more and more important, has also reduced artificial pollination workload in mensuration Chinese cabbage index of affinity simultaneously.
Chinese cabbage inbred lines seed selection generally adopts the method for " planting cabage-type rape of artificial flower bud phase of strain, bagging isolation in fly net canopy ". By Chinese cabbage breeding material kind strain field planting, in fly net canopy, although carry out bud pollination bagging isolation effect better, problem is also a lot, is mainly manifested in: need a large amount of greenhouses or booth facility, cost is higher; The Chinese cabbage florescence is more concentrated, needs manually to carry out in a large number cabage-type rape simultaneously; Due to people engaged in agriculture's aging, and pollination personnel mostly are new hand every year, in stripping flower bud process, pollination personnel operation is not strict, lack of skill, and alcohol disinfecting does not thoroughly wait and often causes between the different individual plants of same breeding material or between different breeding material string powder mutually to mix.
Summary of the invention
Based on the above state of the art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of cost low, easy to operate and ensure not go here and there between the individual plant selfing seed of breeding material that obtains and other individual plant " open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing seed collecting " method that powder mixes.
The present invention is specifically by the following technical solutions:
A kind of open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing Seed Collecting Methods, it comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: opening open country is evenly spread to rotary tillage after base manure, and ridging is laid drip irrigation pipe;
(2) plant strain field planting: plant strain and plant in the middle of cultivating on ridge, utilize drip irrigation to water once permeable;
(3) management before cover Isolation net cover: kind of strain is carried out to preventing disease and pest processing, plant strain and budding phase beginning or initial bloom stage to the main scape short branch of pinching off young shoots, and kind of strain bottom Lao Ye and rotten leaf are cleared up;
(4) cover Isolation net cover: plant before strain is bloomed after buddingging spray to hold together together to reduce spray to surrounding stretch amplitude, then put Isolation net cover outward in kind of strain;
(5) put wall honeybee: plant strain and bloom in backward Isolation net cover and put into wall honeybee, every strain is only put 2-4;
(6) check to mend and put wall honeybee: after wall honeybee is put into Isolation net cover, check every day, wall honeybee is less than the benefit immediately of 2 and puts;
(7) self-mating system management after pollination: individual plant stops mending honeybee while bearing pods more than 100, removes Isolation net cover, waits for seed maturity;
(8) plant strain seed results: kind of the strain of bearing pods is gathered in the crops to seed in time, the not affine individual plant of selfing of the pod of feeling uneasy after the pollination of wall honeybee is eliminated to processing.
Preferably, described in step (1), base manure is chicken manure, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the potassium sulfate becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and consumption is respectively every 667m2Apply 3000-5000kg, 25-50kg and 10kg.
Preferably, described ridging width 60cm, the high 10-15cm in ridge, row spacing 140cm, lays a drip irrigation pipe in the middle of every ridge.
Preferably, single file plantation on cultivation ridge in step (2), spacing in the rows and the line-spacing of planting between strain are all not less than 2 meters.
Preferably, described drip irrigation irrigation quantity is every mu of 20m3。
Preferably, preventing disease and pest described in step (3) is treated to: put into first 10 days of wall honeybee kind of strain is used to bactericide and a pesticide, before this, occur disease and pest if plant strain, spray in time pesticide or bactericide, after this need not any medicament during honeybee to putting.
Preferably, in step (4), the method for cover Isolation net cover is: by two U-shaped steel pipe right-angled intersection builts, bottom crossover sites by two U-shaped steel pipes is relatively fixing by the two, the two ends of U-shaped steel pipe are inserted soil fixing and are formed mesh enclosure support, be enclosed within on this mesh enclosure support and form Isolation net cover with net, in each Isolation net cover, there is a kind strain, and avoid kind of a strain spray to contact with Isolation net cover, net bottom is pressed and is sternly stretched tightly with earth, prevent that wall honeybee from getting out, on net, arrange for the import and export slide fastener of putting honeybee.
Preferably, described net is 50 order nylon gauzes, the long 1.5m of described Isolation net cover, and wide 1.5m, high 1.7m, the spacing between adjacent Isolation net cover is not less than 50cm.
Preferably, in step (5), in daytime early April temperature be stabilized in more than 10 degrees Celsius, and plant strain bloom while reaching 20/strain, put into wall honeybee, the method for putting wall honeybee is: put into honeybee cocoon or directly throw in into honeybee, while putting honeybee cocoon, in advance honeybee cocoon being soaked with 30 DEG C of warm water.
Preferably, described wall honeybee is Osmia cornifrons.
Good effect of the present invention is as follows:
1, adopt the individual plant selfing harvesting method and artificial flower bud phase cabage-type rape harvesting method cost compare of the inventive method: taking 100 strain Chinese cabbage kind strain materials as example, artificial flower bud phase cabage-type rape seed collecting cost 2.34 ten thousand yuan of (0.5 mu of booth solarium, 1.6 ten thousand yuan of construction costs; 2400 yuan/the man month of wage for workmen, needs 3 people to pollinate 1 month, counts 7200 yuan; 200 yuan of the consumptive materials such as paper bag, alcohol). The inventive method " open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing " seed collecting cost: 8370 yuan of (Isolation net cover costs: 8000 yuan/100; 0.05 yuan of every cost of honeybee cocoon, plants the every strain of strain and needs 4～6 of wall honeybees, and 100 strains amount to 30 yuan; Add the 80 yuan/man day of wage for workmen, need 3 working days, count 240 yuan; Stored refrigerated 100 yuan of the costs that wait).
Visible, to compare with artificial flower bud phase cabage-type rape harvesting method, the inventive method " open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing " harvesting method drops into minimum.
2, this method adopts ridging cultivation and drip irrigation to irrigate the strain of Chinese cabbage kind, has not only reduced field soil humidity, has reduced rainwater immersion and has brought damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging, greatly reduces kind of a strain disease incidence, and reduces water consumption, improves the efficiency of field management work.
3, this method Osmia cornifrons Natural Survival used ability and reproductive capacity are strong, without nursing, and refrigerator-freezer 1～5 DEG C of storage for honeybee cocoon, with getting with use, safe ready, rapidly and efficiently, the self-mating system of gathering seed purity is high, without mixing.
Osmia cornifrons belongs to the wild bee of Hymenoptera Megachilidae, now extensive use in fruit tree and brassicaceous vegetable pollination. Osmia cornifrons is compared with traditional honeybee, and the visit flower speed of wall honeybee is visit flower 10-15 piece per minute; It is 4-8 piece per minute that domestic honeybee is visited flower speed. Wall honeybee is top and adopts formula in the time visiting flower, and making self-contained pollen and the flower column cap contact rate of visiting flower is 100%.
4, in this method, Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing is collected seed in whole process, age, educational level and visual demand to practitioner are significantly relaxed, and solved that R&D institution's facility cost cabage-type rape work of high, artificial flower bud phase difficulty is looked for, cost of labor is high, have artificially gone here and there the difficult problems such as powder mixes. Originally the artificial flower bud phase cabage-type rape work of need to pollinating belongs to the seasonal interim work post of agricultural, not only requires 40 years old following eyesight better, can see flower pesticide column cap clearly; Can sit patiently; There is better technology ability to accept, conscientious, the field production management work of being ready to be engaged in agriculture. Actual conditions are that the general educational level of current people engaged in agriculture is low, older, accept new things, new technology, new concept speed slow, have a strong impact on agri-scientific research and production development. And Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing seed collecting technology in employing this method, as long as just can doing of can being engaged in agricultural production.
Detailed description of the invention
With specific embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated below.
1, site preparation and fertilization: before general field planting, when on whole the ground, every 667m2Apply chicken manure 3000-5000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer (N:P:K the is 15:15:15) 25-50kg and the potassium sulfate 10kg that become thoroughly decomposed completely and make base manure, fertilizer, chemical fertilizer will evenly spread fertilizer over the fields at furrow face, rotary tillage rake after ridging. Ridging width 60cm, the high 10-15cm in ridge, row spacing 140cm, lays a drip irrigation pipe in the middle of every ridge.
2, kind of the strain field planting of reserving seed for planting: when field planting, plant strain single file and plant in the middle of cultivation ridge, spacing in the rows 2m, line-spacing 2m, so that Isolation net cover isolation. After cultivation, proofread immediately material number board, guarantee errorless rear drip irrigation water 1 time permeable, every mu of 20m3, be conducive to slow seedling.
3, the management before cover Isolation net cover: unless soil overdrying, generally without watering. Before blooming, be strictly on guard against the generation of disease and pest, the alternately spraying control of 2000～3000 times of liquid of available 10% imidacloprid wettable powder such as aphid, cabbage caterpillar and diamondback moth and 2000～3000 times of liquid of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate; 400 times of liquid of available 25% carbendazol wettable powder such as downy mildew, leaf mold spraying control, 7d(days) left and right spray 1 time, connect and spray 2～3 times. Discharge wall honeybee and within first 10 days, spray 1 bactericide and pesticide, forbid using any medicament during after this putting honeybee. Kind of strain is buddingged phase beginning or initial bloom stage to the main scape short branch of pinching off young shoots, and need clear up bottom Lao Ye, removes Lao Ye and rotten leaf, to prevent that the later stage from causing that rhizome portion rots.
3, the processing of guard backing material: put before honeybee 4 points of U-shaped steel pipes (long 1.7m in two ends used guard bracing frame, the long 2.1m in bottom) the exposed mouth of pipe uses cotton or land plaster plug to block up, (object: prevent that wall honeybee from piercing, and can't get out extremely inside because pipe is oversize). Isolation net cover (the long 1.5m in top, wide 1.5m, height 1.7m) is made with 50 order nylon gauzes, checks in time whether each Isolation net cover has breakage, whether intactly imports and exports slide fastener, and sews and mend breakage, changes the import and export slide fastener damaging.
4, cover Isolation net cover: (bloom if having before blooming after buddingging, flower need be pinched), kind of the strain of collecting seed hangs up material number board by individual plant, four limits are plugged bamboo pole and are connected and fixed spray to hold together together at kind of middle part, a strain top cross bar, dwindle as far as possible kind of strain spray to surrounding stretch amplitude, stop to bloom the later stage spray with the contacting of Isolation net cover, and prevent lodging, and reduce wall honeybee and go out the net in-house operation after cocoon. Centered by kind of strain, two U-shaped steel pipe right-angled intersection builts for surrounding, two U-shaped steel pipe bottom crossover sites are fixed with No. 12 iron wires, and the two ends of U-shaped steel pipe are inserted soil 20cm and are fixed. Whole kind of strain strain is covered with Isolation net cover to spacing 50cm between Isolation net cover. Isolation net cover bottom reserves the limit of 20cm, around presses and sternly stretches tightly with earth, prevents that wall honeybee from getting out, and avoids kind of a strain spray to contact with Isolation net cover. While putting honeybee, pass through to import and export slide fastener.
5, the management of honeybee cocoon:
Excess Temperature, wall honeybee will get out and cannot use from cocoon, and temperature is too low can freeze to death wall honeybee. Be consistent for using honeybee and Chinese cabbage florescence, need to adopt 1～5 DEG C of storage kind of cocoon of fresh-keeping chamber of refrigerated depot section or family's refrigerator. Determine and put honeybee number every day according to kind of the strain situation of blooming, by 120～130% preparation honeybee cocoons of putting honeybee number.
6, put Osmia cornifrons: generally, the middle ten days upper April, extraneous when daytime, temperature was stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, the strain order of blooming, starts to put honeybee successively according to Chinese cabbage kind. Select kind of a strain to bloom while reaching 20/strain, every strain is put 30 DEG C of warm water and is soaked 4～6 of honeybee cocoons, puts rear closing in time and imports and exports slide fastener and check gauze. General 2～3d(days) wall honeybee can cocoon-break and go out just to start pollination. Also can by 20 DEG C of above indoor 14～15h (hour) the High Temperature Pre method processing honeybee cocoon or cut open cocoon makes wall honeybee go out fast cocoon, directly throws in into honeybee.
7, check to mend and put: wall honeybee will check after putting into Isolation net cover everyday, find out that cocoon is few, will the mending and put immediately of dead honeybee, ensure more should note later with upper wall honeybee, particularly successive cloudy days or cold current for 2 in each Isolation net cover.
8, after pollination, plant strain management: observation individual plant bears pods 100 and can stop mending above honeybee, remove at any time Isolation net cover, cut off unnecessary spray and bud, the spray of rear life will be removed in time, kind of the strain branch that bears pods is carried out necessary binding and fixed, the removal weeds of enhancing field management carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, wait for seed maturity.
9, plant strain seed results: sooner or later gather successively according to the ripe of kind of strain, accomplish label and plant the corresponding one by one of strain. The material that Chinese cabbage is easily split pod is gathered and is wanted in time, seed seed coat annesl, plants pod flavescence and just can gather in the crops in good time, prevents loss of seeds.
10, utilize feel uneasy the not affine individual plant of height selfing of pod of wall honeybee pollination to eliminate processing.
Above embodiment is only preferred embodiments of the present invention, instead of limiting the scope of the invention, and every not creative improvement of having done under the spirit and principles in the present invention, all should think in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an open country portable Chinese cabbage kind strain selfing Seed Collecting Methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) site preparation and fertilization: opening open country is evenly spread to rotary tillage after base manure, and ridging is laid drip irrigation pipe;
(2) plant strain field planting: plant strain and plant on cultivation ridge, and water once permeable;
(3) management before cover Isolation net cover: kind of strain is carried out to preventing disease and pest processing, plant strain and budding phase beginning or initial bloom stage to the main scape short branch of pinching off young shoots, and kind of strain bottom Lao Ye and rotten leaf are cleared up;
(4) cover Isolation net cover: kind strain is held together spray together before blooming after buddingging, and to reduce spray to surrounding stretch amplitude, then puts Isolation net cover outward in kind of strain;
(5) put wall honeybee: plant strain and bloom in backward Isolation net cover and put into wall honeybee, every strain is only put 2-4;
(6) check to mend and put wall honeybee: after wall honeybee is put into Isolation net cover, check every day, wall honeybee is less than the benefit immediately of 2 and puts;
(7) after pollination, plant strain management: individual plant stops mending honeybee while bearing pods more than 100, removes Isolation net cover, waits for seed maturity;
(8) plant strain seed results: kind of the strain of bearing pods is gathered in the crops to seed in time, not affine kind of the strain of selfing of the pod of feeling uneasy after the pollination of wall honeybee is eliminated to processing.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (1), base manure is chicken manure, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the potassium sulfate becoming thoroughly decomposed completely, and consumption is respectively every 667m2Apply 3000-5000kg, 25-50kg and 10kg.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in step (1), ridging standard is width 60cm, the high 10-15cm in ridge, and row spacing 140cm, lays a drip irrigation pipe in the middle of every ridge.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: single file plantation on cultivation ridge in step (2), spacing in the rows and the line-spacing of planting between strain are all not less than 2 meters.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is every mu of 20m that the middle drip irrigation of step (2) is watered 1 permeable drip irrigation irrigation quantity3。
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the preventing disease and pest described in step (3) is treated to: put into first 10 days of wall honeybee kind of strain is used to bactericide and a pesticide, before this, there is disease and pest if plant strain, spray in time pesticide or bactericide, after this need not any medicament during honeybee to putting.
7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (4), the method for cover Isolation net cover is: by two U-shaped steel pipe right-angled intersection builts, bottom crossover sites by two U-shaped steel pipes is relatively fixing by the two, the two ends of U-shaped steel pipe are inserted soil fixing and are formed support, be enclosed within on this support and form Isolation net cover with guard, in each Isolation net cover, there is a kind strain, and avoid kind of a strain spray to contact with Isolation net cover, net bottom is stretched tightly and is pressed sternly with earth, prevent that wall honeybee from getting out, on net, arrange for the import and export slide fastener of putting honeybee.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described net is 50 order nylon gauzes, the long 1.5m of described Isolation net cover, and wide 1.5m, high 1.7m, the spacing between adjacent Isolation net cover is not less than 50cm.
9. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step (5), in daytime early April temperature be stabilized in more than 10 degrees Celsius, and planting strain blooms while reaching 20/strain, put into wall honeybee, the method of putting wall honeybee is: put into honeybee cocoon or directly throw in into honeybee, while putting honeybee cocoon, in advance honeybee cocoon being soaked with 30 DEG C of warm water.
10. according to the method described in claim 1-7 any one, it is characterized in that: described wall honeybee is Osmia cornifrons.
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Application publication date: 20160518 |