CN104756859A - Efficient and high-accuracy measuring and matching method for celery cabbage hybridized combination - Google Patents
Efficient and high-accuracy measuring and matching method for celery cabbage hybridized combination Download PDFInfo
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- CN104756859A CN104756859A CN201510215271.3A CN201510215271A CN104756859A CN 104756859 A CN104756859 A CN 104756859A CN 201510215271 A CN201510215271 A CN 201510215271A CN 104756859 A CN104756859 A CN 104756859A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an efficient and high-accuracy measuring and matching method for celery cabbage hybridized combination. The method comprises the following steps of celery cabbage strain seed selection and sowing, greenhouse preparation, hybridized combination planting, post-planting management, preparation before deposit apiary, mason bee placing, management after deposit apiary and seed harvesting. Outer leaves and part of leafy heads of celery cabbage single plants are removed, celery cabbages are planted in plastic greenhouses in groups in winter to be measured and matched and sleeved with mesh bags in spring of next year, mason bees are used for pollination and seed collecting, and late-maturing materials are used for being stored in winter after seed selection. According to the measuring and matching method, the accuracy of the measured and matched target ranges from 29.5 percent to 36.8 percent, the accuracy of a common measured and matched target is 9.3 percent, the seed yield is more than 10 times higher than that of artificial bud cutting pollination, the seed collecting time is 15 days earlier, adopted labor force is reduced by more than 75 percent, and cost is lowered by 75 percent to 85 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Chinese cabbage breeding, specifically, what relate to that a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing combines is measured method, belongs to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
In Chinese cabbage breeding process, the excellent strain that seed selection is stable, and hybrid combination is carried out to it be measured, thus be bred as new varieties, be the key of Chinese cabbage breeding work success or failure.
At present, Chinese cabbage breeder is measured the new lines be bred as, the mode of the little strain artificial pollination of many employings, namely the December of last year is to Cold frame in January, is colonizated in March in gauze canopy, florescence training, adopt powder, cut open flower bud, pollination, bagging, listing mark, its shortcoming: one when being Selection parent, and little strain can not identify typical proterties and the feature of material, the micro-judgment of the data that complete top autumn in year is recorded and breeding man, fallibility selects parent to cause and is measured failure, and accuracy rate is low; Two is carrying out year by year along with breeding work, and stable new lines gets more and more, the number of combinations that need be measured is increasing, is measured efficiency low, and nursery used and combination breeding district also can correspondingly increase, and workload is large, easily causes confusion; Three is that artificial pollination is measured hybrid combination, need adopt the complicated procedures of forming such as powder, producing Crossbred, alcohol disinfecting, time-consumingly takes a lot of work, and efficiency is low; Four is that hybridization is cutd open flower bud pollination and needed pinching, and next spray only can award several flowers, and seed amount is few, because seed is not enough, causes result of the test insufficient.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, and what provide that a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing combines is measured method, realizes following goal of the invention:
(1) improve the accurate reliability being measured composite object, the hybrid combination Breeding direction recorded is clear and definite;
(2) breeding safety and breeding speed is improved;
(3) seed collecting amount increases, and improves seed production, and seed production is higher than manually cuing open flower bud pollination 10-12 doubly;
(4) improve pollination efficiency, reduce pollen contamination;
(5) seed collecting time advance 15-30 days;
(6) assembly combination can save labour turnover more than 57%;
(7) workload reduces, saving of labor, and labour reduces 75%-80%;
(8) the hybrid combination failure that artificial string powder causes is reduced.
For overcoming the above problems, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
1, Chinese cabbage strain breeding
The Chinese cabbage inbred lines of test or the new product of stable individual plant are lain in late August sowing, and generally than conventional Chinese cabbage cultivar late sowing kind 10-15 days, each strain sows 60, seeding row spacing 40cm × 50cm, and other control measures are with Routine Management method.Plant to be planted is carried out combination by maturation and the optional individual plant meeting this material standard proterties and is measured.
2, hybrid combination field planting
On November, the middle ten days, when Chinese cabbage material is about to ripe, meet that raw material feature, Comprehensive Traits performance are excellent at Field Screening, typical individual plant that downy mildew resistance, virus disease, soft corruption are strong, according to breeding objective, prediction coordinate force, carries out being measured hybrid combination.
Precocious mini-breed assembly, screening satisfactory standard individual plant 1 is Parent, and in the east, male parent plants west as a combination in maternal cultivation.Processing method: by the individual plant chosen, prune outside 6-7 sheet siphonal lobe and cut 40% leaf-head upper blade, the leaf-head of bag ball very consolidation can be whittled into taper, is good will expose shortening stem.And the strain label made with iron wire and plastics board is plugged on the top of leaf-head.Then in land for growing field crops, let alone growth about 1 week, when top vane turns green, the blade wound healing of cutting, can dig out root band soil and be colonizated in booth, and field planting female parent is planted in the east, and male parent plants west.Parent spacing 20cm, group, apart from 1m, is watered once permeable in time, is beneficial to root of hair after cultivation.
Large late variety assembly, screening satisfactory standard individual plant 1 is Parent, and in the east, male parent plants west as a combination in maternal cultivation.Processing method: mid-November Field Screening individual plant, remove 10 ~ 11 siphonal lobes and after cutting away the leaf-head upper blade of 60%, each parent selects 2 strains, lists respectively, fills gauze bag respectively, enter cellar for storing things in groups and heel in preservation, root buries the native degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm, stores dark 1.2m, wide 1m, cover straw mat winter and add plastic foil insulation, fine i.e. ventilation airing is taken exercise.
3, manage after field planting
Winter, canopy temperature controlled at about 5 ~ 6 DEG C, aeration-cooling when more than 10 DEG C, lower than lid straw mat insulation when 0 DEG C, when occurring extremely trembling with fear weather, the insulation of Small plastic shed duplicature is built in canopy interpolation bamboo cane, unless soil overdrying, does not generally water, squaring period adjusts combination two parent flower synchronization in time by the method such as to take the lead.
4, prepare before putting honeybee
Phase beginning of buddingging once clears up the old blade in bottom, hold together after the quantity such as each for Chinese cabbage combination Parent spray being left and taken before blooming after buddingging and tie by plastic ties together, surrounding plugs small bamboo, covered with the 40 order dome gauze bags of 1.5m × 0.8m customized again, be fixed on bamboo pole with agrafe, fill with once little water, when soil is not muddy, with scuppit by about 10cm in gauze bag limit press-in earth.
5, wall honeybee is put into
Upper, the middle ten days in Second Year March, extraneous daytime puts honeybee when temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, Parent is selected all to start the combination of blooming, an osculum opened by gauze bag, each root that is combined in puts honeybee cocoon 10 ~ 20, puts rear burying in time and sternly puts honeybee mouth and check border, and within general about 5 days, wall honeybee just starts pollination, if wall honeybee goes out cocoon quantity be less than 4, urge it go out cocoon fast by cuing open cocoon mode.
6, manage after putting honeybee
Control soil moisture in canopy well, forbid broad irrigation, daytime ventilates when canopy temperature is more than 30 DEG C in time, closes ventilating opening insulation night, checks everyday, find that the benefit immediately that wall honeybee dies is put, ensure there is work honeybee more than 10 in every gauze bag, what find that a parent in combination terminates at the florescence removes in time by wall honeybee, terminates pollination, the wall honeybee flown out is disposed at once, hangs 1 yellow sticky trap mosquitoes and flies trapping and killing etc. for every 3 square metres in canopy.
7, hybrid combination seed harvest
Florescence terminates to remove gauze bag in time, remaining spending all is destroyed, amphiphilic originally separately, be bundled in respectively on bamboo pole by plastic ties and wait for seed maturity, period spray insecticide: the insect of 1.8% control of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid cabbage caterpillar, noctuid, aphid etc., and the spray of rear life is removed in time, mid or late April, seed seed coat annesl, kind pod turn yellow and gather in the crops in time.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
(1) take full advantage of Chinese cabbage new lines or the inbred line plant of calibrating in autumn, be measured composite object accurately and reliably, accuracy rate can reach 29.5% ~ 36.8%.
(2) seed production is high, and seed production is higher than manually cuing open flower bud pollination 10-12 doubly.
(3) the pollination honeybee wall honeybee Natural Survival ability used is strong, without the need to feeding, 1 ~ 5 DEG C of refrigerator-freezer storage of honeybee cocoon, with get with, honeybee cocoon is thrown in, safely and fast efficiently.
(4) the odd-numbered day pollination time of wall honeybee is long, and efficiency is high, can complete hybrid combination pollination within 7 day time.
(5) seed can shift to an earlier date about 15-20 days maturations.
(6) assembly hybrid combination can cost savings more than 57%, and to pollinate with bumblebee with artificial pollination and compare, wall honeybee single cost 4 ~ 5 points of, drop into minimum.
(7) saving of labor, required labour reduces 75% ~ 80%, without the need to too much artificial, can complete a large amount of Chinese cabbage crossing combinations and be measured test.
(8) precocious Chinese cabbage crossing combination is directly colonizated in plastic tunnel, without the need to storage or nursery, saves operations such as digging cellar for storing things, bedding, transplanting.
(9) after wall honeybee puts into gauze bag, be namely co-located in closed space with Chinese cabbage crossing combination, decrease the failure that artificial string powder causes.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
What efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing combined is measured a method, comprises the following steps:
Test Chinese cabbage material is precocious, heat-resistant Chinese cabbage.
1, Chinese cabbage strain breeding and sowing
(1) from the existing Chinese cabbage cultivar resource of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City, purify, select 35 new lines or stable inbred line, and carry out inbred line breeding, numbering BZZ-01 to BZZ-35;
(2) utilize my institute's existing resource, from the Chinese cabbage cultivar that Japan, Korea S introduce, carry out crossbreed separation, backcross transformation obtains 28 new lines or inbred line carry out inbred line breeding, numbering BZZ-36 to BZZ-63;
(3) above-mentioned 63 new lines carry out inbreeding of more generation seed selection, obtain the dual anti-Chinese cabbage inbred lines 14 of downy mildew resistance, viral diseases, obtain the three anti-Chinese cabbage inbred lines 3 of downy mildew resistance, viral diseases, anti-soft corruption.
(4) sowed mid-August by the Chinese cabbage new lines seed of step (3), each kind sows 60 caves, seeding row spacing 40cm × 50cm, and plant to be planted maturation and optional carry out combination and be measured.
Feature after the Chinese cabbage new lines growth of seed selection:
Vegetative period, 35-60 days, precocious, heat-resisting, shortcoming: not anti-bolting, and enduring store property is poor;
Wrap spherical formula to fill the span of a man's arms or folded armful;
Spherically mostly be spherical shape;
Weight per plant 0.2-3kg;
Leaf is most without seta, and part is seta less;
Dark green leaf color look or faint yellow.
2, canopy room prepares
Select plastic tunnel field planting Chinese cabbage crossing to combine, field planting does furrow in first 5 days wholely, the chicken manure that every mu is executed 1kg 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 5000kg becomes thoroughly decomposed and 30kg N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and the wide 1m of furrow, furrow face is whole carefully rakes.
3, hybrid combination field planting
Mid-November, when Chinese cabbage material is about to ripe in step 1, go out that Comprehensive Traits performance is excellent, coordinate force is high at Field Screening, typical individual plant that downy mildew resistance, viral diseases, anti-soft corruption are strong, carry out being measured hybrid combination.
Comprehensive Traits is showed excellent, that coordinate force is high material and do female parent, select Parent standard individual plant 1 as a combination, root band soil digs out, the leaf-head upper blade of prune 6-7 sheet siphonal lobe and 40%, and the leaf-head of bag ball very consolidation can be whittled into taper.Eliminate outside Lao Ye, sick leaf like this, the propagation of disease obviously alleviates.
Be good will expose shortening stem, leaf-head is plugged the strain label that iron wire and plastics board twist into, and band soil sticks together and maternally plants in the east, and male parent plants west, Parent spacing 20cm, and group is colonizated in plastic tunnel apart from 1m, waters once permeable in time, be beneficial to root of hair after cultivation.
4, manage after field planting
Winter, canopy temperature controlled at about 5 ~ 6 DEG C, aeration-cooling when more than 10 DEG C, lower than lid straw mat insulation when 0 DEG C, when occurring extremely trembling with fear weather, the insulation of Small plastic shed duplicature is built in canopy interpolation bamboo cane, unless soil overdrying, does not generally water, squaring period adjusts combination two parent flower synchronization in time by the method such as to take the lead.
5, prepare before putting honeybee
Phase beginning of buddingging once clears up the old blade in bottom, hold together after the quantity such as each for Chinese cabbage combination Parent spray being left and taken before blooming after buddingging and tie by plastic ties together, bamboo pole is plugged on 4 limits, covered with the 40 order dome gauze bags of 1.5m × 0.8m customized again, be fixed on bamboo pole with agrafe, fill with once little water, when soil is not muddy, with scuppit by about 10cm in gauze bag limit press-in earth.
6, wall honeybee is put into
Upper, the middle ten days in Second Year March, extraneous daytime puts honeybee when temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C, Parent is selected all to start the combination of blooming, an osculum opened by gauze bag, each root that is combined in puts honeybee cocoon 10 ~ 20, puts rear burying in time and sternly puts honeybee mouth and check border, and within general about 5 days, wall honeybee just starts pollination, if wall honeybee goes out cocoon quantity be less than 4, urge it go out cocoon fast by cuing open cocoon mode;
7, manage after putting honeybee
Control soil moisture in canopy well, forbid broad irrigation, daytime ventilates when canopy temperature is more than 30 DEG C in time, closes ventilating opening insulation night, checks everyday, find that the benefit immediately that wall honeybee dies is put, ensure more than 10 honeybees that work in every gauze bag, what find that a parent in combination terminates at the florescence removes in time by wall honeybee, terminates pollination, the wall honeybee flown out is disposed at once, hangs 1 yellow sticky trap for every 3 square metres in canopy.Ensure that the hybrid rate of seed.
8, hybrid combination seed harvest
Florescence terminates to remove gauze bag in time, remaining spending all is destroyed, amphiphilic originally separately, be bundled in respectively on bamboo pole by plastic ties and wait for seed maturity, period spray insecticide: the insect of 1.8% control of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate 2000 ~ 3000 times liquid cabbage caterpillar, noctuid, aphid etc., and the spray of rear life is removed in time, mid or late May, seed seed coat annesl, kind pod turn yellow and gather in the crops in time.Such combination can obtain reciprocal cross 2 groups of seeds.
Embodiment 2
Test material is the Spring cabbage of anti-bolting and the autumn cabbage of disease-resistant high yield.Comprise the following steps:
Adopt the step of embodiment 1, change following technological parameter:
Step 1: Chinese cabbage strain breeding and sowing
Test material is the Spring cabbage of anti-bolting and the autumn cabbage material of disease-resistant high yield.With the difference of example 1 be: mid-November Field Screening individual plant, remove 10 ~ 11 siphonal lobes and after cutting the leaf-head upper blade of 60%, the storage space of 70% can be saved.Each parent selects 2 strains, lists respectively, and fill gauze bag respectively, enter cellar for storing things in groups and heel in preservation, root buries the native degree of depth 15 ~ 20cm, stores dark 1.2m, wide 1m, and cover straw mat winter and add plastic foil insulation, fine i.e. ventilation airing is taken exercise.
Step 3: hybrid combination field planting
Second Year is often organized parent by the end of March and is selected 1 intact male parent and maternal plant, is colonizated in pairs in the large gauze canopy of 40 order.
All the other steps adopt the technological parameter of embodiment 1.
Embodiment 1 and 2 be measured combined result in table 1:
Table 1
Illustrate:
(1) be measured target accuracy rate, the number of combinations meeting target by annual primary election and the ratio of sum being measured combination, the result of getting nearest 3 years is average.
(2) wage for workmen is pollinated by 60 yuan/day.
Embodiment 3
Step according to embodiment 1:
Step 1, Chinese cabbage strain breeding and sowing
Combination BZZ-47 × BZZ-36:
Male parent is that from the Xiayang first-filial generation kind of a precocious spheroidal of Japan's introduction, through selfed breeding, a regularity of acquisition is high, growth potential is comparatively strong, disease resistance stablizes self incompatible line preferably, and code name is BZZ-52,
Female parent is that after self cross and selection purifying, the pellet shapes self incompatible line that regularity is high, balling is good selected, code name is BZZ-36 through too much generation purification and rejuvenation from the southern heat resistance material that Korea S collects.
Take BZZ-47 as maternal, BZZ-36 be male parent, white 50 New Chinese Cabbage Varieties in the Weihe River that assembly is bred as, be measured target accuracy rate 38%, seed production 40g/ combine, and increases production 7.8% ~ 12% through planting experimentally whiter than Shandong No. 13 of per mu yield.
Technical solution of the present invention is tested in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City of Shandong Province test site, and annual use two plastic tunnels, two large gauze canopy field planting 300-500 Chinese cabbage crossing combination carry out being measured test, and result shows:
Remove the Chinese cabbage individual plant of siphonal lobe and part leaf-head, winter, being colonizated in plastic tunnel was in groups measured, Second Year to overlap gauze bag spring and utilizes wall honeybee to pollinate to collect seed, be measured target accuracy rate 29.5% ~ 36.8%, seed production pollinates more than 10 times higher than manually cuing open flower bud, seed collecting time advance 15 ~ 30 days, be measured combination labour used and reduce more than 57%, integrated cost reduces 75% ~ 85%.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, such as: when positive and negative friendship hybrid combination is measured, without the need to doing two groups, father and mother's one's duty of a group is received; Specification, the shape of cover combination gauze bag used, and the material etc. of support bag also can be suited measures to local conditions; In addition, putting in honeybee process, putting the honeybee time also can adjust according to actual, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, and any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the Chinese cabbage crossing combination that efficient and accuracy rate is high be measured a method, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps: management after Chinese cabbage strain breeding and sowing, preparations of canopy room, hybrid combination field planting, field planting, put honeybee before preparation, put into wall honeybee, put honeybee after manage, seed harvest.
2. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described Chinese cabbage strain breeding and sowing step, test Chinese cabbage material is directly colonizated in booth for after precocious, heat-resistant Chinese cabbage material seed selection process; For storing away in winter after late-maturing material seed selection process.
3. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described hybrid combination field planting step, selects father, maternal standard individual plant 1 as a combination.
4. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described hybrid combination field planting step, root band soil digs out, prune siphonal lobe and leaf-head upper blade, and the leaf-head of bag ball very consolidation is whittled into taper.
5. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described hybrid combination field planting step, the band soil maternal male parent in the east of planting that sticks together plants west, Parent spacing 20cm, and group is colonizated in plastic tunnel apart from 1m.
6. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described in put before honeybee and prepare, hold together after the quantity such as each for Chinese cabbage combination Parent spray being left and taken before blooming after buddingging and tie by plastic ties together.
7. a kind of efficient and Chinese cabbage crossing combination that accuracy rate is high according to claim 1 be measured method, it is characterized in that: described in put preparation before honeybee, bamboo pole is plugged on 4 limits, then is covered with the 40 order dome gauze bags of 1.5m × 0.8m customized.
8. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described in put honeybee after manage, ensure there are more than 10 honeybees that work in every gauze bag, what find that a parent in combination terminates at the florescence removes in time by wall honeybee, terminates pollination.
9. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described seed harvest step, florescence terminates to remove gauze bag in time, remaining spending all is destroyed, amphiphilic originally separately, is bundled in respectively on bamboo pole by plastic ties and waits for seed maturity.
10. what a kind of efficient and that accuracy rate is high Chinese cabbage crossing according to claim 1 combined is measured method, it is characterized in that: described in employing, be measured method, be measured target accuracy rate 29.5-36.8%, seed production pollinates more than 10 times higher than manually cuing open flower bud, seed collecting time advance 15 days, labour used reduces more than 75%, cost reduction 75% ~ 85%.
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| CN105580730A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-18 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method |
| CN111374044A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for measuring combining ability of pakchoi parents and application thereof |
| CN115553207A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-01-03 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for preparing single-plant Chinese cabbage hybrid combination by using osmia pollination in auxiliary mode |
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| CN102334445A (en) * | 2010-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Pollination method for purity-conservation Chinese cabbage breeding material |
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| CN105580730A (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2016-05-18 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Light and simple type open-field cabbage seed plant selfing and seed collection method |
| CN111374044A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-07 | 福建金品农业科技股份有限公司 | Method for measuring combining ability of pakchoi parents and application thereof |
| CN115553207A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-01-03 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for preparing single-plant Chinese cabbage hybrid combination by using osmia pollination in auxiliary mode |
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Application publication date: 20150708 |