CN107896980B - Breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting - Google Patents
Breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese cabbage breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting, which takes a summer heat-resistant cultivation variety 'New Xieqing No. 2' as an original material, gives high-temperature and high-humidity stress to benefit the excessive growth of the seedling and increase the length of a hypocotyl in a seedling stage, selects a seedling with a relatively longer hypocotyl, and carries out single plant selfing and seed reservation; in the second year, continuously cultivating all harvested seeds in summer, again applying high-temperature and high-humidity stress, similarly selecting seedlings with longer hypocotyls, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation; and then, the length of the embryonic axis, the stress resistance, the disease resistance and the comprehensive horticultural traits are combined in the process of each generation of breeding, and the new germplasm of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, which has stable length of the embryonic axis, excellent comprehensive horticultural traits, strong stress resistance and is suitable for mechanized harvesting, is obtained until 7 generations of selfing breeding. The invention provides breeding materials for breeding new varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting, reduces labor cost, improves harvesting efficiency, and provides a breeding basis for realizing mechanization of non-heading Chinese cabbages.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese cabbage breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting.
Background
Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis Makino) is also called pakchoi, green vegetable, originally produced Chinese, and belongs to Brassica vegetables in Brassicaceae. Due to the fact that the variety is large, the planting area is large, high-quality cultivation and annual supply can be conducted all year round, the production area of the non-heading Chinese cabbages in the middle and downstream areas of the Yangtze river accounts for 30-40% of the multiple planting area of the vegetables, and therefore a large amount of labor force is needed in the whole planting and production process. However, with the development of society, a large amount of outflowing of labor force occurs in rural areas in China, even if the labor force exists, the labor force is mostly left behind by old farmers, and direct negative influence is generated on the output of crops, particularly vegetable crops. At present, with the gradual improvement of the social science and technology level, the development of modern agriculture has the condition of realizing mechanization, so that the agricultural production efficiency can be greatly improved, and the labor cost can be reduced. The whole process mechanization is a future development trend of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, the mechanized plowing, ditching, ridging, sowing and pesticide applying operations of the non-heading Chinese cabbage cultivation are realized in the current production, although the mechanized harvesting is partially applied, the varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting are few, and the current main cultivated varieties are applied to the production as the varieties of the mechanized harvesting. But a lot of problems are brought to mechanical harvesting, the mechanical harvesting distance is too low from the ground, so that the harvested non-heading Chinese cabbages have more soil and are not clean, and the mechanical harvesting distance is too high from the ground, so that the harvested non-heading Chinese cabbages are incomplete, the plants are scattered, and the external quality of commodities is influenced.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: manual harvesting wastes time and labor, and has low efficiency; the existing cultivated varieties of the non-heading Chinese cabbages are applied to mechanical harvesting, and the mechanical harvesting distance is set to be too low from the ground, so that the harvested non-heading Chinese cabbages have more soil and are not clean, and the mechanical harvesting distance is set to be too high from the ground, so that the harvested non-heading Chinese cabbages are incomplete, scattered and the external quality of commodities is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a breeding method of non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resources suitable for mechanized harvesting.
The invention is realized in such a way that the breeding method of the germplasm resources of the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical harvesting comprises the following steps:
step one, taking a summer heat-resistant cultivation variety New summer green No. 2 as an original material, selecting seedlings with relatively long hypocotyls under high temperature and high humidity stress in a seedling stage, performing natural vernalization, and performing single plant selfing and seed reservation after blooming to obtain F1;
step two, in the second year, the harvested F1 seeds are continuously cultivated in summer, high temperature and high humidity stress is performed again, 30 plants with the longest length are selected, the artificial climate box is vernalized at low temperature, and after blooming, individual plants are selfed and reserved to obtain F2;
continuing cultivating and planting F2 in summer, selecting 10 plants with target characters, performing low-temperature vernalization in an artificial climate box, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F3; repeating the selection process of F2-F3, naturally performing vernalization, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F4;
and step four, repeating the breeding process of the step three from F4 to each generation, and continuously selfing and breeding 7 generations to obtain the new stable pure line germplasm, which is numbered JC 1.
Further, the new Xieqing No. 2 plant grows vertically and belongs to a medium-short dustpan type, the embryonic axis is 1-2cm long, the growth potential is strong, the leaves are green and oval, the leaf surface is smooth, the petioles are wide and green, and the plant can be harvested 15-40 days after sowing; the height of a mature plant is 19cm, the development degree is 24cm, the length of the maximum leaf is 18cm, the width is 14cm, the upper width of a petiole is 3.5cm, the lower width of the petiole is 6.7cm, the thickness of the petiole is l.2cm, and the average single plant weight is 480 g; after sowing, the average total yield per mu of 35 balances can reach 1600 kg, and the average total yield per mu of mature plants cultivated in autumn can reach more than 2500 kg.
Further, the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions are as follows: the high temperature environment is 32-35 ℃; the high-humidity environment is that the air humidity is more than or equal to 90 percent and the water content of the cultivation soil is saturated or more than saturated.
Further, the length of the embryonic axis in the first step is as follows: 4cm-5 cm.
The invention also aims to provide a breeding method of the non-heading cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting, and a new non-heading cabbage germplasm JC1 is obtained through breeding, wherein the new non-heading cabbage germplasm JC1 is characterized in that: the plant grows vertically, the length of the embryonic axis is 4-5cm, the plant belongs to a middle-high dustpan type, the growth potential is strong, the leaves are green and oval, the leaf surfaces are smooth, the petioles are wide and green, and the mechanical harvesting is carried out 15-40 days after sowing.
The invention can provide a method for creating new germplasm for non-heading Chinese cabbage by using the existing resources and improve the creation efficiency by creating the new germplasm for non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical collection. The new germplasm of the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical harvesting can be used for breeding new varieties of the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical harvesting, provide germplasm resources and greatly improve the breeding efficiency. The method can meet the requirement of mechanized operation by cultivating the new variety of the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanized harvesting, greatly reduce the labor cost, improve the harvesting efficiency and provide guarantee for the income increase of farmers and the efficiency increase of agriculture. The new germplasm of the non-heading Chinese cabbage obtained by the invention provides germplasm resources for cultivating new varieties suitable for mechanized harvesting of the non-heading Chinese cabbage, reduces the labor cost and improves the harvesting efficiency.
In the prior art, manual harvesting is mainly adopted, about 100kg of non-heading Chinese cabbage variety suitable for mechanical harvesting can be harvested after one person works for 8 hours a day, the mechanical harvesting efficiency is 1 mu/hour, the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical harvesting is mainly eaten as seedling vegetables at present, and the average yield is 600 plus 700 kg/mu.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a breeding method of a non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101: taking a summer heat-resistant cultivar new summer green No. 2 as an original material, selecting seedlings with relatively long hypocotyls under high temperature and high humidity stress in a seedling stage, performing natural vernalization, and performing single plant selfing and seed reservation after blooming to obtain F1;
s102: in the second year, the harvested F1 seeds are continuously cultivated in summer, high temperature and high humidity stress is carried out again, 30 plants with the longest length are selected, the artificial climate box is vernalized at a low temperature, and after flowering, individual plants are selfed and reserved to obtain F2;
s103: f2 continuing cultivation and planting in summer, selecting 10 plants, performing low-temperature vernalization in an artificial climate box, and performing selfing and seed reservation on the single plants after blooming to obtain F3; repeating the selection process of F2-F3, naturally performing vernalization, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F4;
s104: and repeating the breeding process of the third step for each generation from F4, and continuously selfing and breeding for 7 generations to obtain the new stable pure line germplasm with the number of JC 1.
The breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting, provided by the embodiment of the invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
taking a summer heat-resistant cultivation variety 'New Xieqing No. 2' as an original material, applying high-temperature and high-humidity stress to the seedling stage to facilitate excessive growth and increase the length of an embryonic axis, selecting the seedling with relatively long embryonic axis, performing natural vernalization, and performing single plant selfing and seed reservation after blooming to obtain F1;
step two, in the second year, continuously cultivating all harvested F1 seeds in summer, applying high-temperature and high-humidity stress again, similarly selecting seedlings with longer hypocotyls, sorting the length of the hypocotyls of the plants, selecting 30 plants with the longest length, performing low-temperature vernalization in an artificial climate box, and performing selfing and seed reservation on the single plants after flowering to obtain F2;
step three, continuing to cultivate and plant the obtained F2 plants in summer, cultivating the plants under natural environmental conditions in summer without giving high-temperature and high-humidity stress to the plants from the beginning, selecting single plants with longer hypocotyls from the plants, sorting the single plants according to the length of the hypocotyls, identifying the single plants with better comprehensive properties by combining heat resistance, disease resistance and comprehensive gardening properties, selecting 10 plants with the length of the hypocotyls meeting requirements and the comprehensive properties, vernalizing the plants in a phytotron at low temperature, and selfing and reserving the seeds of the single plants after blooming to obtain F3; repeating the selection process of F2-F3, naturally performing vernalization, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F4;
and step four, repeating the breeding process of the step 3 from F4 to each generation, and continuously selfing and breeding 7 generations to obtain a pure line stable new germplasm with the embryonic axis length meeting the requirement and good stress resistance, disease resistance and comprehensive gardening properties, wherein the pure line stable new germplasm is numbered as JC 1.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: step one, the new Xieqing No. 2 variety is a generation hybrid bred by horticulture of the academy of agricultural sciences in Shanghai, and the new Xieqing No. 2 variety is published in Shanghai agricultural science newspaper and has the name: breeding a new green vegetable variety, new summer green No. 2, suitable for facility cultivation; distributed by agro-seed germchit limited of Shanghai City. The method is characterized in that: the plant grows vertically, belongs to a medium-short dustpan type, has the embryonic axis of 1-2cm, strong growth potential, green and oval leaves, smooth leaf surfaces, wide and green petioles, and can be harvested 15-40 days after sowing. The plant height of the mature plant is about 19cm, the spreading degree is 24cm, the maximum leaf length is 18cm, the width is 14cm, the upper width of a petiole is 3.5cm, the lower width is 6.7cm, the thickness is l.2cm, and the average single plant weight is about 480 g. After sowing, the total yield per mu of 35 balances can reach about 1600 kg, the average total yield per mu of mature plants cultivated in autumn can reach more than 2500kg, the heat resistance is good, and the plant cultivation medium has the advantages of virus disease resistance and downy mildew resistance, strong stress resistance and excellent quality.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the first step comprises the following steps: the high temperature environment is 32-35 ℃; the high-humidity environment is that the air humidity is more than or equal to 90 percent and the water content of the cultivation soil is saturated or more than saturated.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: in the first step, the selection range of the length of the embryonic axis is as follows: 4-5cm, but the length range of the embryonic axis of the seed selection can be properly adjusted according to the actual cultivation and harvesting requirements.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: in the second step and the third step, 30 plants with the longest embryonic axis and 10 plants with better properties are selected, and the number range of the selected plants can be properly adjusted according to the actual selection.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: in the third step: the reason why the plants are not subjected to high-temperature high-humidity stress from the generation F2 is to facilitate the selection of plants with genetically stable hypocotyl length traits.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: in the fourth step: the number of generations of the inbred breeding is properly increased or decreased according to the genetic stability of the new germplasm for 7 generations of continuous inbred breeding.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention: in the fourth step: a new germplasm JC1 of non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanized harvesting is characterized in that: the plant grows vertically, the length of the embryonic axis is 4-5cm, the plant belongs to a high dustpan type, the growth potential is strong, the leaves are green and oval, the leaf surfaces are smooth, the petioles are wide and green, and the plant is suitable for mechanical harvesting 15-40 days after sowing.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The breeding method of the non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource suitable for mechanized harvesting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, in the second year, the harvested F1 seeds are continuously cultivated in summer, high temperature and high humidity stress is carried out again, 30 plants with the longest embryonic axis length are selected, the artificial climate box is vernalized at low temperature, and after blooming, single plants are selfed and reserved to obtain F2;
continuing cultivating and planting F2 in summer, selecting 10 plants with target characters, performing low-temperature vernalization in an artificial climate box, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F3; repeating the selection process of F2-F3, naturally performing vernalization, and performing individual plant selfing and seed reservation after flowering to obtain F4;
step three, repeating the breeding process of the step two from F4 to each generation, and continuously selfing and breeding 7 generations to obtain pure line stable new germplasm;
the first step needs to be preceded by: taking a summer heat-resistant cultivar new summer green No. 2 as an original material, selecting seedlings with relatively long hypocotyls under high temperature and high humidity stress in a seedling stage, performing natural vernalization, and performing single plant selfing and seed reservation after blooming to obtain F1;
the mesocotyl length is as follows: 4cm-5 cm;
the high-temperature and high-humidity conditions are as follows: the high temperature environment is 32-35 ℃; the high-humidity environment is that the air humidity is more than or equal to 90 percent and the water content of the cultivation soil is saturated or more than saturated.
2. The method for breeding the germplasm resource of the non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for mechanical harvesting according to claim 1, wherein the new Xiazure No. 2 plant grows vertically and belongs to a medium-short dustpan type, the embryonic axis is 1-2cm long, the growth potential is strong, the leaves are green, oval, smooth in leaf surface, wide and green in leaf stalk, and can be harvested 15-40 days after sowing; the height of a mature plant is 19cm, the development degree is 24cm, the length of the maximum leaf is 18cm, the width is 14cm, the upper width of a petiole is 3.5cm, the lower width of the petiole is 6.7cm, the thickness of the petiole is l.2cm, and the average single plant weight is 480 g; after sowing, the average total yield per mu of 35 balances can reach 1600 kg, and the average total yield per mu of mature plants cultivated in autumn can reach more than 2500 kg.
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