CN102057830A - Method for planting cured tobacco in hot area from May to September - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for planting cured tobacco in a hot area from May to September, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The invention not only develops the technology, but also cooperates with a reasonable cultivation mode for cultivation, thereby effectively solving the problem of insufficient temperature in winter planting technology. The method for planting cured tobacco in a hot area from May to September is used for researching planting altitude, planting density, seedling raising modes, nitrogen application amount, antifreezing measures, irrigation regime, and the number of days for reserving tobacco, thereby solving the technical problems of land area shortage, and confliction between the hot-area cured tobacco planting technology from May to September and the climate from October to next April. Meanwhile, the cured tobacco is planted below the film instead of above the film, and idle soil in winter is utilized to develop the method for planting cured tobacco in a hot area from May to September, thereby increasing the land-use ratio and enhancing the economic benefit of farmers. The method for planting cured tobacco in a hot area from May to September has the advantages of less investment, high effect taking speed, high yield, high efficiency and the like, and can be used for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of hot-zone flue-cured tobacco in season in late autumn, belong to the agronomy technical field.
Background technology:
The hot-zone mainly is meant height above sea level in 1000～1500 meters area, low-heat river valley, 14.9 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, and the coldest month is January 7.7 ℃ of mean temperature of air, the hottest month is 19.8 ℃ of mean temperature of air in August, 234 days frost-free seasons.At 2069 hours sunshine of average year, average relative humidity 79% has four seasons fuzzy climatically, the sweltering heat in summer, rainfall is concentrated, spring autumn and winter is warm pleasant, little precipitation is sunny all the year round, temperature year difference less.
Hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn development technique can make full use of zone, low-heat river valley light and heat condition, plough winter slack and resource such as labour, contradiction that effective alleviation grain cigarette " is striven ground ", solved the restriction that is subjected to land resources in the flue-cured tobacco evolution of area, low-heat river valley, the serious problem of summer cigarette rhizome disease, increase along with annual mandatory plan, rotation system is more and more paid attention to by the tobacco grower, it is fewer and feweri that old cigarette district can develop area, the production task of bearing is more and more heavier, promote hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn development technique and can alleviate the production pressure in old cigarette district greatly, promote the leaf tobacco production sustainable and stable development.
By literature search, do not see the open report identical with the present invention.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide the kind method for planting of a kind of hot-zone flue-cured tobacco in season in late autumn.
The concrete steps of hot-zone of the present invention tobacco planting in season in late autumn method are as follows:
A. layout: to select suitable planting area region layout must be paddy rice and cigarette crop rotation and be below 1500 meters at height above sea level;
B. seedling-cultivating method: use floating seedlings, be 10-15 day in November then sowing time;
C. planting density: the line-spacing backguy by 1.1 meters plays moisture in the soil, and spacing in the rows is 50 centimetres, every mu of plantation 1200 strains;
D. nitrogen fertilizer application index: pure nitrogen level is controlled at 6 kilograms every mu, and red big kind pure nitrogen level is controlled at every mu of 4.7-4.9 kilogram;
E. field-transplanting: the method for taking to plant cigarette under the film is transplanted, and transplants in 5 days on the-20th on the 15th January then; In time build little arch film, 110 centimetres of arch lengths of a film, every strain cigarette a slice bow member, 30 centimetres of sagitta;
F. field management: transplant and irrigated once in back 7 days; Planted the back 15-20 days, and after the cigarette strain enters little group, carried out conventional rupture of membranes hardening, topdress and weeding; Be no more than 25 days after the transplanting and fall the film soil dressing, the little training of the film that falls scholar reaches dyestripping mouth diameter more than 20 centimeters, and carries out conventional intertill and clean tillage; Irrigation method is to adopt during field moisture deficiency winter interlacing to irrigate or speed is irritated speed row's mode;
G. stay to support after the cigarette strain is transplanted and pluck after 67 days.
Good effect of the present invention is:
1, solved the problem that the grain cigarette is striven ground: hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology growing stage is the annual 1-6 month, and rice field breeding time is the annual 7-10 month, does not have the contradiction of implantation time, the climate and other natural phenomena of a season breeding time of two kinds of crops substantially.
2, cigarette grain wheel operation mode can be improved and vegetable soil effectively, and the growths of two kinds of crops is had the buddhist benefit mutually, soaked field rice cultivation behind the plantation flue-cured tobacco, and the residue fertility of cigarette fertilizer can be impelled paddy rice early growth and quick tiller in early stage; Paddy field kind cigarette one is to coordinate balanced by the various nutrients of soaked back soil simultaneously, the 2nd, by soaking pathogen and the various insect pest that can kill bacterial wilt, balck shank effectively, very favourable to the plantation of cigarette growth, the pattern of rice field-upland field rotation also more helps the improvement, slaking of soil and orderly recycling.
3, spring, two season of summer abundance illumination to be beneficial to growth, the dry-matter accumulation of tobacco leaf abundant, various nutrients are coordinated, and have avoided the rainy low temperature and less sunshine adverse effect that growth brings to tobacco leaf, have alleviated growing, spreading of various disease pest and weeds effectively; Based on sunny weather, also help the operation of every field simultaneously.
4, the masses increase income, finance increases
Hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn development technique has solved the local masses effectively and has increased income difficult problem, accomplish that the plantation of flue-cured tobacco, paddy rice neglects neither, fundamentally solved the masses and planted grain and have a meal and plant the realistic problem that cigarette increases income, also found a good way for the growth of local village and town finance.
5, realize the smooth adjustment of agricultural structure
Hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn development technique is the adjustment of local agricultural structure, particularly winter agricultural exploitation find a new good way, turn to development in pluralism from the pattern of single plantation winter maize of past, rape, wheat, resolved local agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem conscientiously.
6, remarkable in economical benefits
Five annuals in-2010 in 2006 are planted flue-cured tobacco accumulative total in season in late autumn and are reached 40705.6 mu according to statistics, 1895.67 yuan of every mu of average output values, increase by 1069.18 yuan for 639.4 yuan than planting rape and winter maize average yield per mu value identical season, increase by 167.24%, in the winter time the highest economic crops of comparative effectiveness in the agricultural.
Embodiment:
The inventor implements the present invention in the Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, specific as follows:
1, layout: the one, selecting suitable planting area region layout must be to be below 1500 meters at height above sea level, otherwise low temperature harm can occur.The 2nd, must adhere to paddy rice and cigarette rotation system.
Table 1 Different Altitude is to the influence of rice transplanting time
Tobacco will be carried out the crop rotation measure, and what adopt when the kind cigarette of Tengchong paddy field is the crop rotation of rice cigarette, on economic benefit the in good time transplanting of paddy rice be necessary, and postpone the decline that the rice transplanting time can cause the paddy rice output value.Know that by table 1 can postpone 29 days rice transplanting phases when height above sea level is more than 1600 meters, this growth to paddy rice is totally unfavorable.The suitable height above sea level of reality (concrete plantation measure, the influence of regional microclimate) hot-zone flue-cured tobacco in season in late autumn overall development project of considering Tengchong is generally below 1500 meters.
2, seedling-cultivating method: must use floating seedlings, sowing time: 10-15 day in November is then done sth. in advance 90 days with upper seeding wheel than the summer cigarette.
The contrast of the table 2 Various Seasonal plantation yield of flue-cured tobacco output value
Annotate: kind K326, technology is used " Tengchong County high-quality cigarette culture technique detailed rules for the implementation " level land village, place Shang Yun township, 1480 meters of height above sea level.
Know that from table 2 the sowing climate and other natural phenomena of a season 91 days was in advance transplanted the climate and other natural phenomena of a season 75 days ahead of time, the baking concluding time has been done sth. in advance 70 days.Per unit area yield increases by 15.1 kilograms, and the per unit area yield value increases by 223.5 yuan, can find out that hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology is successful on every mu of benefit.But tobacco leaf presentation quality aspect exists certain problem, and it is little mainly to be that top hacks, and institutional framework is tight.
3, planting density: the line-spacing backguy by 1.1 meters plays moisture in the soil, and it is constant to lack 50 centimetres of 10 centimetres of spacing in the rows than the summer cigarette, and every mu 1200 strain is than summer cigarette overloading 100 strains.
The different planting densities of table 3. are to the influence of output, the output value
Known that by table 3 different planting densities influences difference to what output, the output value of hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology caused, benefit was best when planting density was 1200 strains/mu.When planting density was 1200 strains/mu, per mu yield value benefit was 1168.1 yuan, and benefit is best; When planting density was 1400 strains/mu, single rate was the highest, still, the per unit area yield value be 899.6 yuan far below 1168.1 yuan; Planting density is that 900 that strain/mu is executed per unit area yield is the highest, and the per unit area yield value is minimum.
4, nitrogen fertilizer application index: pure nitrogen level control is executed for 6 kilograms/mu, lacks the 0.5-1 kilogram than the summer cigarette.Red big kind 4.7-4.9 kilogram, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=4.2: 9.8: 17.2=1: 2.3: 4.
The different amount of nitrogens of table 4. and the output value, relation of yield
Know that by table 4 executing the purity nitrogen test shows: different amount of nitrogens is to the output value, the yield effect difference of hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology tobacco leaf; Increase with the increase of amount of nitrogen in mu amount of nitrogen per unit area yield value below 6.0 kilograms the time, the per unit area yield value descends in the time of more than 6.0 kilograms.From dropping into and the consideration of output aspect, the pure nitrogen level of executing per mu of hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology leaf tobacco production should be advisable at 6.0 kilograms.
5, field-transplanting: in 5 days on the-20th on the 15th January then, transplant; In time build little arch film, 110 centimetres of arch lengths of a film, every strain cigarette a slice bow member, 30 centimetres of sagitta.
Table 5 arch film antifreezing effect application form
Annotate: investigation strain number is 100 strains; Be treated to contrast not cover the arch film.
Comparatively obvious after hot-zone, Tengchong County tobacco planting in season in late autumn adopts the cigarette strain to transplant with the antifreeze treatment effect of mode of arch film, when height above sea level 1400-1500 rice, adopt the processing of arch film obvious with the rate of the enduring cold difference of contrast.Investigation according to pentahapto township and lotus township shows: the antifreezing effect of arch film has significantly all reached more than 66.0% under the normal condition; The antifreezing effect of arch film is undesirable under the situation of microclimate, and this also is that next step needs improved place.
6, field management:, transplant and irrigated once in back 7 days according to the rainfall situation; Planted the back 15-20 days, after the cigarette strain enters little group, in time the rupture of membranes hardening, topdress, weeding; Film soil dressing, intertill and clean tillage fall in good time: the time is no more than transplanted back 25 days.The film soil dressing that falls reaches dyestripping mouth diameter more than 20 centimeters.Winter, field moisture deficiency adopted interlacing to irrigate or fast mode of irritating speed row.
The relation of table 6. irrigation method and output and quality
Tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology general employing in the irrigation process in hot-zone is carried water and is irrigated and the irrigation that discharges water, and winter, field moisture deficiency adopted interlacing irrigation or speed filling speed row's mode.Know that by table 6 under equal conditions, discharging water to irrigate all is better than the irrigation of carrying water from output and output value aspect.Wherein discharge water to irrigate and on per unit area yield, can increase by 32.9 kilograms of output, amplification 29.6%; Can every mu on the per unit area yield value increase income 222.62 yuan, amplification 21.0%.
Table 7. difference is stayed and is supported the influence of fate to the tobacco leaf main chemical compositions
Annotate: standard index is with reference to " Baoshan flue-cured tobacco comprehensive standard "
Know that by table 7 the afterwards different foster fates that stays is transplanted in the cigarette strain, the main chemical compositions content difference in the tobacco leaf, the cigarette strain stays foster long more its chemical composition content of fate low relatively more.Stay and support fate main chemical compositions content (except the potassium) more than 67 days the time and all reached standard index, wherein the cigarette strain stay support fate when being 67 days effect best.
7, science baking: go into the stokehold and spray water finishing on the tobacco leaf of pole with sprayer earlier, in time go into stove after the spray.
Table 8. moisture content in leaves and tobacco leaf flavescence time relation h
Annotate: contrast to not squirting processing.Cloud 87 kinds 2005 are red big 2007
Hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology adopts going into the stokehold and is finishing with sprayer earlier on the tobacco leaf of pole and spray water, and in time goes into the processing method increase moisture content in leaves of stove after the spray.Know that by table 8 the tobacco leaf flavescence speed time that process squirts processing obviously shortens.Wherein, cloud and mist 87 is through after squirting processing, and the tobacco leaf flavescence time, from bottom to top the flavescence time shortened along the position; The big gold dollar of safflower then is that upper leaf is relative shorter with the bottom Ye Bianhuang time.
Practice shows: hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn development technique have a following advantage:
1, physio geographic condition
Planting smoked sheet district height above sea level is 1000-1400 rice, the river valley climate types that belong to more, winter, two season of spring, mean temperature of air was more than 12 ℃, sunshine time is long, the illumination abundance, frost season is short and focus mostly in annual floating seedling cultivation of fire-cured tobacco phase 1,2 bimester, to the general no big influence of tobacco leaf planting growth, the ripe picking period, sound tobacco production suited in the 5-6 month.
2, jump
Hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology is different with tradition summer cigarette on implantation time, efficiently solve that the peasant " spends money " and the contradictory problems of " serving as a soldier ", the flue-cured tobacco of climate and other natural phenomena of a season plantation ahead of time can have been dodged the phenomenon that industry " is striven ground " effectively, can plant the rich usefulness of flue-cured tobacco, planting a spring in season again has grain to eat.Therefore, the masses to plant the enthusiasm of hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology high especially.
3, damage by disease and insect is few, output is high
Because the climate and other natural phenomena of a season of plantation of hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology and growth is in early spring in winter evening, many sun are short of rain, and temperature gos up stable, leaf spots such as easy infection anthraenose, weather spot, wildfire not, and root black rot, the bacterial wilt incidence of disease are low.Evening, winter temperature was low, and adult is few, endanger for a short time, added blade and lacked than thick partially, the invalid leaf of summer cigarette, so than planting summer cigarette output height with the area same period, per mu yield is about 130-150kg.100% carry out hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology-paddy rice rice field-upland field rotation system simultaneously, effectively control the generation of tobacco disease insect pest, reduced residue of pesticide.
4, tobacco leaf toasts easily, and discarded leaf is few
The flue-cured tobacco of Tengchong is water fortunately, and is bad also at water.The summer cigarette is in plum rain season, the natural precipitation amount is higher, restive, and Artificial Control liquid manure leans on substantially in dry season in hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technical office, average annual rainfall day is 187 days, rainfall mainly concentrates on and accounts for annual rainfall 6-10 month more than 80%, and 1478 millimeters of annual rainfalls just can modulate output height, the measured tobacco leaf of matter as long as rationally control liquid manure by technical scheme.Hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology artificial controlled water, blade face moisture is low, and easily dehydration saves time in the bake process, saving of labor, fuel saving, is not prone to roasting smelly, roasting phenomenon such as black, very easily baking.
5, do not influence spring, promote increasing peasant income
Hot-zone tobacco planting in the late autumn technology of having gathered is right after spring to plant, and does not influence the climate and other natural phenomena of a season.1 year two season all can be planted plant, and not only solve the problem that the peasant spends money but also solved the problem of serving as a soldier, be the principal element that the peasant values hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology.
6, for further developing, county's flue-cured tobacco expanded development space
Along with the adjustment in national tobacco leaf planting zone, the atrophy gradually of old cigarette district, main development zone shifts to the newly developed area, and Tengchong is as the major production areas of Baoshan City tobacco planting, the plantation space is saturated at present, thus greatly develop hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology scale, imperative.
7, make full use of human resources.
Small towns, hot-zone farmers' income is main by export of labour services mainly, and behind the self-styled pass, county's border trade is depressed, can not lumber to border port again and earn money, a large amount of labours go back home, and do not have good way to earn money, the labour that majority is returned to one's home village is idle, by widely popularize plantation hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology in the small towns, hot-zone, has made full use of the labour, increased farmers' income, simultaneously, to some degree, the peasant is busy have been done, social security has been got well, and has made up safety harmonious society.
8, production technology has been tending towards ripe
By demonstration (2005,2006) in 2 years plantation (2007,2008,2009,2010) in 4 years, constantly sum up and improve the production technology that flue-cured tobacco is early planted, from growing seedlings, transplanting, technology such as management, baking, tobacco leaf keeping are standard more, instructs cured tobacco production to put in place more.
9, in the winter time in the proportion of crop planting both economical benefit obvious
Flue-cured tobacco hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology average yield per mu value is more than 1500 yuan, net income is more than 1000 yuan, the per mu yield value is than high about 800 yuan with the maize in the season crop, higher about 900 yuan than rape, higher about 1000 yuan than wheat, be that any crop is incomparable in the proportion of crop planting in current winter.
Table 92006-2010 hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technical situation statistical form
Annotate: the data that adopt are current year and report the former data of Baoshan City corporate buyout of Yunnan Province tobacco company situation.2006-2007 all plants cloud 87, and the 2008-2010 varieties of plant is red big.
Know that by table 9 the average yield per mu value of 2006-2010 hot-zone tobacco planting in late autumn technology is 1895.67 yuan/mu, and annual cultivated area and per mu yield value are rising all.
Table 10.2006-2010 year hot-zone crop in late autumn benefit comparison sheet
Annotate: numerical value is 3 years digital average values.Relatively draw with maize, rape mean value and compare for cigarette.
Known that by table 10 the average yield per mu value that the per mu yield value of hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn technology is higher than maize and rape far away is 639.32 yuan, amplification is 167.24%.Adopt and transplant the climate and other natural phenomena of a season ahead of time, summer cigarette plantation development technique economic benefit is comparatively remarkable.
Claims (1)
1. the kind method for planting of a hot-zone flue-cured tobacco in season in late autumn is characterized in that the concrete steps of hot-zone tobacco planting in season in late autumn method are as follows:
A. layout: to select the suitable planting zone must be paddy rice and cigarette crop rotation and be below 1500 meters at height above sea level;
B. seedling-cultivating method: use floating seedlings, be 10-15 day in November then sowing time;
C. planting density: the line-spacing backguy by 1.1 meters plays moisture in the soil, and spacing in the rows is 50 centimetres, every mu of plantation 1200 strains;
D. nitrogen fertilizer application index: pure nitrogen level is controlled at 6 kilograms every mu, and red big kind pure nitrogen level is controlled at every mu of 4.7-4.9 kilogram;
E. field-transplanting: the method for taking to plant cigarette under the film is transplanted, and transplants in 5 days on the-20th on the 15th January then; In time build little arch film, 110 centimetres of arch lengths of a film, every strain cigarette a slice bow member, 30 centimetres of sagitta;
F. field management: transplant and irrigated once in back 7 days; Planted the back 15-20 days, and after the cigarette strain enters little group, carried out conventional rupture of membranes hardening, topdress and weeding; Be no more than 25 days after the transplanting and fall the film soil dressing, the film soil dressing that falls reaches dyestripping mouth diameter more than 20 centimeters, and carries out conventional intertill and clean tillage; Irrigation method is to adopt during field moisture deficiency winter interlacing to irrigate or speed is irritated speed row's mode;
G. stay to support after the cigarette strain is transplanted and pluck after 67 days.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102630478A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-15 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic tobacco field planting and field managing method |
| CN103858651A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco 97 |
| CN104396499A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-11 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Catch cropping method for preventing and controlling black shank of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN104620818A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-20 | 河南省烟草公司漯河市公司 | Tobacco nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application and cultivation method |
| CN106717412A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 攀枝花学院 | High-quality tobacco produces the determination method of fertilizer applications |
| CN108323398A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-27 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf cultural method and tobacco leaf |
| CN110352823A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of implantation methods of new flue-cured tobacco varieties |
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| CN100352336C (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-12-05 | 楚雄州烟草科学研究所 | Sand cultivation technique for flue cured-tobacco seedling |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102630478A (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2012-08-15 | 云南省烟草公司保山市公司 | Organic tobacco field planting and field managing method |
| CN103858651A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-06-18 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | Cultivation method for Yunnan flue-cured tobacco 97 |
| CN103858651B (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽皖南烟叶有限责任公司 | A kind of cultivation method of cloud and mist 97 flue-cured tobacco cultivars |
| CN104396499A (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-03-11 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Catch cropping method for preventing and controlling black shank of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN104620818A (en) * | 2015-02-05 | 2015-05-20 | 河南省烟草公司漯河市公司 | Tobacco nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application and cultivation method |
| CN106717412A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-31 | 攀枝花学院 | High-quality tobacco produces the determination method of fertilizer applications |
| CN106717412B (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2019-07-30 | 攀枝花学院 | The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications |
| CN108323398A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-27 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Tobacco leaf cultural method and tobacco leaf |
| CN110352823A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-22 | 湖南省烟草公司永州市公司 | A kind of implantation methods of new flue-cured tobacco varieties |
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Application publication date: 20110518 |