CN106717412B - The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications - Google Patents

The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications Download PDF

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CN106717412B
CN106717412B CN201611090557.4A CN201611090557A CN106717412B CN 106717412 B CN106717412 B CN 106717412B CN 201611090557 A CN201611090557 A CN 201611090557A CN 106717412 B CN106717412 B CN 106717412B
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CN106717412A (en
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王胜男
程江珂
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Panzhihua University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/007Determining fertilization requirements

Abstract

The present invention relates to the determination methods of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications, belong to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field.The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the determination methods of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications, this method step analysis and Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment are to different nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen in blade in the middle part of the lower flue-cured tobacco of potash fertilizer processing, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein, the chemical composition contents such as ash content carry out overall merit, obtain the optimal fertilizer applications of quality of tobacco, its method is simply objective, chemically the superiority and inferiority of ingredient judges Flue-cured tobacco Quality, avoid it is existing from aesthetic quality come evaluate high-quality tobacco have subjective factor influence, there is important directive significance to the production of high-quality tobacco.

Description

The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications
Technical field
The present invention relates to the determination methods of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications, belong to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field.
Background technique
Flue-cured tobacco is one of Important Economic crop of Panzhihua City, is the main economic source of local farmers.In the kind of flue-cured tobacco During plant, fertilizer plays an important role to the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco, and the fertilizer applications of optimization can promote the life of high-quality tobacco It produces, environmental pollution caused by long-term excessive application chemical fertilizer is reduced, to realize the sustainable development of cured tobacco production.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are three big nutrients of plant growth.Reasonable Combined Application of NPK can promote the increasing of flue-cured tobacco Production increases income, and fertilising is insufficient or fertilising surplus will affect the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and causes the pollution of environment, influences to give birth to State sustainable development.The cigarette area peasant of Panzhihua City plant at present relies primarily on empiric fertilization, and experts and scholars are to Panzhihua City flue-cured tobacco The research of best fertilizer applications is also less.Chen Yi is strong etc. to establish the Fertilizer Application of Tobacco model based on soil fertility contribution rate, Chen Wei The tobacco high-yield fertilization model having studied based on target output such as strong, Zhang Wenming etc. is established roasting by " 3414 " fertilizer test Cigarette high-yield fertilization model.These Fertilization Models, which are substantially based on crop yield or the output value are standard, judges the good of fertilization effect Whether bad.But the superiority and inferiority of flue cured tobacco quality can not be only judged from yield or the output value.
And currently, tobacco business evaluates the variation of the superiority and inferiority and style of quality of tobacco mainly by the sense organ of people, sense organ is commented Surely the physiology and mental condition for relying primarily on people are an exquisite technology in itself.In a sense, due to by experience, The influence of the subjective factors such as mood, subjective appreciation method result have subjective factor.
Therefore, it is badly in need of one kind and flue cured tobacco quality is evaluated based on Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco, so that it is determined that high-quality tobacco production fertilising The method of scheme.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide the determination methods of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications, in this way, The dose that can determine flue-cured tobacco improves the yield of high-quality tobacco.
The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications of the present invention, includes the following steps:
A, n test process is set, and each processing cultivates flue-cured tobacco by Different Fertilization scheme, harvests, toasts after its maturation; Wherein, n is greater than or equal to 10;
B, chemical composition analysis: selecting mature consistent middle part blade from each processing, analyzes chemical component in blade and refers to Target content, wherein the chemical component index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein And ash content;
C, it calculates the score of each chemical component index: calculating separately to obtain the i-th test process jth chemistry according to the following equation The score of component target:
Wherein, SijIndicating the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤ j≤9;
pjIndicate the optimum content value of jth chemical component index;
xijIndicate the content for the i-th test process jth chemical component index that b step measures;
D, it calculates each processing score: calculating separately to obtain the score of each processing according to the following equation:
Wherein, TSiIndicate the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco total score, 1≤i≤n;
SijIndicate the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, 1≤j≤9;
NjIndicate the weight of jth chemical component index;
E, the processing of maximum score is chosen, fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
Preferably, using 3414 conceptual design fertilizer applications, n 14.
It is further preferred that as follows by the weighted value that each chemical component index in flue-cured tobacco is calculated in analytic hierarchy process (AHP): The weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, and the weighted value of phosphorus is 0.05, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, nicotine Weighted value is 0.18, and the weighted value of total reducing sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, ash The weighted value divided is 0.05.
Further, the measurement method of preferably each chemical component index is as follows: nitrogen content uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, phosphorus Content is measured using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, and potassium content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, and chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar use The measurement of Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, protein content are measured using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes is measured using high temperature ashing method.
Preferably, the optimum content value of each chemical component index are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, also Raw sugar is 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, nicotine 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, Potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
The method of the present invention, with step analysis and Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment to different nitrogen, phosphorus, the lower flue-cured tobacco middle leaf of potash fertilizer processing The chemical composition contents such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein, ash content carry out overall merit in piece, obtain cigarette Leaf fertilizer applications best in quality, method is simply objective, and chemically the superiority and inferiority of ingredient judges Flue-cured tobacco Quality, avoids existing Evaluate the influence that high-quality tobacco has subjective factor from aesthetic quality, there is important guidance to anticipate the production of high-quality tobacco Justice.
Specific embodiment
The determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications of the present invention, includes the following steps:
A, n test process is set, and each processing cultivates flue-cured tobacco by Different Fertilization scheme, harvests, toasts after its maturation; Wherein, n is greater than or equal to 10;
B, chemical composition analysis: selecting mature consistent middle part blade from each processing, analyzes chemical component in blade and refers to Target content, wherein the chemical component index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein And ash content;
C, it calculates the score of each chemical component index: calculating separately to obtain the i-th test process jth chemistry according to the following equation The score of component target:
Wherein, SijIndicating the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤ j≤9;
pjIndicate the optimum content value of jth chemical component index;
xijIndicate the content for the i-th test process jth chemical component index that b step measures;
D, it calculates each processing score: calculating separately to obtain the score of each processing according to the following equation:
Wherein, TSiIndicate the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco total score, 1≤i≤n;
SijIndicate the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, 1≤j≤9;
NjIndicate the weight of jth chemical component index;
E, the processing of maximum score is chosen, fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
Preferably, 3414 schemes can be used and determine fertilizer applications, at this point, n is 14.3414 schemes are that quadratic regression D- is optimal Design experiment scheme." 3414 " refer to nitrogen, phosphorus, 3 factors of potassium, 4 levels, 14 processing.4 horizontal meanings are as follows: 0 is horizontal Finger does not apply fertilizer, and 2 levels refer to local optimum fertilizing amount, 1 horizontal=2 horizontal × 0.5,3 horizontal=2 level × 1.5.
In the present invention, the weight of each chemical component index can be used existing method and be calculated.Preferably, using AHP layers Fractional analysis determines each index weights.Its specific determining method is as follows:
1) hierarchy structure model is established according to correlation and membership between each chemical component of flue-cured tobacco, establishes 3 The comprehensive evaluation model structure of level.First layer is destination layer (A), is high-quality tobacco.The second layer is rule layer (C), to influence The i factor of quality of tobacco, i=4 include C1Containing sugared index, C2Nitrogenous index, C3Potassium chlorine index, C4Other indexs.Third layer It is indicator layer P, is the n kind chemical component of flue-cured tobacco, n=9 includes P1Total reducing sugar, P2Reduced sugar, P3Nitrogen, P4Nicotine, P5Protein, P6 Potassium, P7Chlorine, P8Phosphorus, P9Ash content.
2) Judgement Matricies and consistency check is carried out using step analysis 1-9 scaling law[16]It is important to carry out each index Property scale.1-9 integer and its inverse are meant that: 1 indicates that two indices have equal importance;3 indicate an index than another One index is slightly important;5 indicate that an index is obviously more important than another index;7 indicate an index than another index It is strong important;9 indicate that an index is more extremely important than another index;2, it 4,6,8 respectively indicates in above-mentioned two adjacent judgements Value;The inverse of 1-9 indicate if index i compared with j compared with bij, j and i 1/bij.
Scale is carried out according to each index relative importance, constructs judgement square of the low layer index relative to upper level index Battle array.According to the maximum characteristic root λ max of judgment matrix calculating matrix and individual features vector, place is normalized to feature vector Reason, obtains weight W, the W=(w of each determinant1, w2, w3..., wi) (the results are shown in Table 1~5).
Consistency check is carried out to matrix.By table 1~5 it is found that each judgment matrix CR is respectively less than 0.10, judgment matrix one Cause property examines satisfaction, shows that each judgment matrix is reasonable in table 1~5.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
3) each level index is calculated for the weighted value of destination layer (A) according to A-CiAnd Ci–PnObtained weighted value, meter Each evaluation index is calculated for the weighted value (the results are shown in Table 6) of destination layer (A).
Table 6
To sum up, the weighted value of currently preferred each chemical component index is as follows: the weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, the weight of phosphorus Value is 0.05, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, the weighted value of total reducing sugar It is 0.15, the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, and the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
Each common detection method of chemical component index is suitable for the present invention.Preferably, nitrogen content uses kjeldahl determination Method measurement, phosphorus content are measured using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, and potassium content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduction Sugared content is measured using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, and protein content is measured using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes uses high temperature Ash purification determining.
In Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco evaluation, each chemical component index of sound tobacco has an optimum content value.Such as The a certain finger target value of fruit is higher more advantageous to the quality of tobacco leaf, is just most suitable with the maximum value that the index occurs in this trial Suitable content value;If a certain finger target value is lower more advantageous for the quality of tobacco leaf, gone out in this trial with the index Existing minimum value is optimum content value.The optimum content value of each chemical component index in the present invention are as follows: total reducing sugar is most Optimum Contents are 20%, reduced sugar 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, nicotine 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, and phosphorus is 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
By the method for the invention, the best fertilizer applications of Panzhihua Region cloud and mist 87 can be obtained, cloud and mist can be improved in the program 87 quality has important influence to flue-cured tobacco cultivation.
A specific embodiment of the invention is further described below with reference to embodiment, is not therefore limited the present invention System is among the embodiment described range.
Embodiment 1
The optimal fertilizer applications of cloud and mist 87 are determined using the method for the present invention, concrete operations are as follows:
1.1 test material
Test in the township Panzhihua City Zhi Yan great, Sichuan Province --- and love Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou's autonomy township carries out, which is located at N26 ° of north latitude 29 ', E102 ° 02 ' of east longitude, soil types is red soil.Experimental field prepartion of land, fertility is uniform, soil physico-chemical property pH6.1, Organic matter 28gkg-1, full nitrogen 2.3gkg-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 83.5mgkg-1, rapid available phosphorus 21.8mgkg--1, available potassium 152.5mg·kg-1.It is cloud and mist 87 for examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars, is respectively agricultural ammonium nitrate calcium (N content 15.5%), mistake for examination fertilizer Calcium phosphate (P2O5Content 16%), potassium sulfate (K2O content 50%), wherein 70% is base manure, 30% is top dressing, field farming pipe Reason mode is pressed local conventional method and is carried out.
1.2 experimental design
Test uses " 3414 " Twice regression D-the best design, totally 14 processing.Three factors are N, P2O5、K2O, four water Divide equally is not 0 level: not being applied fertilizer;2 is horizontal: local optimum fertilizing amount;1 is horizontal: 2 level × 0.5;3 is horizontal: 2 level × 1.5. Plot area is 77m2, repeat three times, random district's groups arrangement.Specific fertilising situation is shown in Table 7.
It tests and was carried out 2 years in 2014,2015, use floating seedlings for examination flue-cured tobacco.Transplanting on April 18th, 2014, July Beginning picking and roasting on the 20th, harvesting in September 3rd terminate;Transplanting on April 20th, 2015, beginning on July 18 picking and roasting, September 1st Harvesting terminates.Covering with ground sheeting, singling fertilising are all made of after cigarette strain transplanting.Unified dress a heatable brick bed after cell harvesting is divided to toast, out a heatable brick bed Classification calculates yield and output value.Mature consistent middle part blade (8,9,10,11 leaf position) 2kg is selected from each processing, for items Chemical composition analysis.
(the unit: kghm of table 7-2)
Processing Fertilization Level N P2O5 K2O
1 N0P0K0 0 0 0
2 N0P2K2 0 180 360
3 N1P2K2 60 180 360
4 N2P0K2 120 0 360
5 N2P1K2 120 90 360
6 N2P2K2 120 180 360
7 N2P3K2 120 270 360
8 N2P2K0 120 180 0
9 N2P2K1 120 180 180
10 N2P2K3 120 180 540
11 N3P2K2 180 180 360
12 N1P1K2 60 90 360
13 N1P2K1 60 180 180
14 N2P1K1 120 90 180
1.3 measurement items and method
Using Kjeldahl nitrogen determination nitrogen content, phosphorus content is measured using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, is surveyed using flame spectrometry Determine potassium content, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar are measured using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, egg is measured using biuret reaction method White matter content measures content of ashes using high temperature ashing method.
1.4 calculate each processing score
The score of each chemical component index is calculated according to the following equation: calculating separately to obtain the i-th test according to the following equation Handle the score of jth chemical component index:
Wherein, SijIndicating the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤ j≤9;
pjIndicate the optimum content value of jth chemical component index;
xijIndicate the content for the i-th test process jth chemical component index that b step measures;
Max function max1≤i≤n|pj-xij| indicate j-th of index, in each different disposal | pj-xij| maximum value;
The optimum content value of each chemical component index are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, reduced sugar 15%, Nitrogen is 2.5%, nicotine 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, and potassium is in each processing Maximum value.
Then it calculates separately to obtain the score of each processing according to the following equation:
Wherein, TSiIndicate the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco total score, 1≤i≤n;
SijIndicate the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, 1≤j≤9;
NjIndicate the weight of jth chemical component index;
The weighted value of each chemical component index is as follows: the weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, and the weighted value of phosphorus is 0.05, the weight of potassium Value is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, and the weighted value of total reducing sugar is 0.15, the power of reduced sugar Weight values are 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, and the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
Its calculated result is shown in Table 8.
Table 8
Processing Comprehensive score Ranking
1 1.9413 14
2 3.6783 12
3 6.6583 4
4 4.7238 10
5 7.3184 3
6 7.9528 2
7 6.0345 5
8 3.4257 13
9 5.9092 7
10 9.0628 1
11 4.1429 11
12 5.6263 8
13 5.5188 9
14 5.9587 6
As shown in Table 2, in 14 fertilizer treatments, 10 highest scorings is handled, illustrate each chemical component of processing cured tobacco leaf Content is optimal, and Flue-cured tobacco Quality is best.
1.5 method Accuracy Verifications
On the basis of the flue-cured tobacco sensory quality assessment index system proposed with reference to " Chinese tobacco planting regionalization ", more are consulted Document determines that aroma quality, perfume quantity, pleasant impression, miscellaneous gas, irritation are flue-cured tobacco sensory quality assessment index, quality index and scoring Standard is shown in Table 9.
The cured tobacco leaf sensory quality assessment obtained after 14 fertilizer treatments is detected respectively, and the result is shown in tables 10.
9 flue-cured tobacco aesthetic quality index of table and standards of grading (C3F)
10 different disposal of table is to cured tobacco leaf sensory quality assessment (C3F)
Processing Aroma quality Perfume quantity Pleasant impression Miscellaneous gas Irritation Total score Ranking
1 9 9 9 4 5 36 14
2 12 13 9 5 6 45 12
3 19 18 16 10 9 72 4
4 14 14 12 6 7 53 10
5 21 20 15 9 9 74 3
6 22 22 16 10 10 80 2
7 16 18 16 9 8 67 5
8 9 10 10 4 5 38 13
9 16 15 14 9 9 63 7
10 22 24 18 11 11 86 1
11 13 13 11 5 5 47 11
12 15 15 12 8 8 58 8
13 14 15 12 7 8 56 9
14 17 16 13 9 9 64 6
As it can be seen that the cured tobacco leaf organoleptic quality highest of processing 10, identical as the method for the present invention result, the ranking that respectively handles with The ranking of the method for the present invention is consistent, shows that the method for the present invention is accurately and reliably.

Claims (9)

1. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications, characterized by the following steps:
A, n test process is set, and each processing cultivates flue-cured tobacco by Different Fertilization scheme, harvests, toasts after its maturation;Its In, n is greater than or equal to 10;
B, chemical composition analysis: selecting mature consistent middle part blade from each processing, analyzes chemical component index in blade Content, wherein the chemical component index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein and ash Point;
C, it calculates the score of each chemical component index: calculating separately to obtain the i-th test process jth chemical component according to the following equation The score of index:
Wherein, SijIndicating the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤j≤ 9;
pjIndicate the optimum content value of jth chemical component index;
xijIndicate the content for the i-th test process jth chemical component index that b step measures;
D, it calculates each processing score: calculating separately to obtain the score of each processing according to the following equation:
Wherein, TSiIndicate the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco total score, 1≤i≤n;
SijIndicate the score of the i-th test process jth chemical component index, 1≤j≤9;
NjIndicate the weight of jth chemical component index;
E, the processing of maximum score is chosen, fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
2. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: use 3414 sides Case designs fertilizer applications, n 14.
3. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: pass through layer It is as follows that weighted value shared by each chemical component index in flue-cured tobacco is calculated in fractional analysis: the weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, the weight of phosphorus Value is 0.05, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, the weighted value of total reducing sugar It is 0.15, the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, and the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
4. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: each chemistry The measurement method of component target is as follows: nitrogen content uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, and phosphorus content is measured using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, potassium Content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, and chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar are measured using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, and protein contains Amount is measured using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes is measured using high temperature ashing method.
5. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: each chemical component The measurement method of index is as follows: nitrogen content uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, and phosphorus content is measured using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, potassium content Using flame spectrophotometric determination, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar are measured using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, and protein content is adopted It is measured with biuret reaction method, content of ashes is measured using high temperature ashing method.
6. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: each chemistry The optimum content value of component target are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, reduced sugar 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, nicotine It is 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
7. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: each chemical component The optimum content value of index are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, reduced sugar 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
8. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: each chemical component The optimum content value of index are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, reduced sugar 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
9. the determination method of high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: each chemical component The optimum content value of index are as follows: the optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, reduced sugar 15%, nitrogen 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, protein 8%, chlorine 0.5%, phosphorus 0.6%, ash content 13.3%, potassium is the maximum value in each processing.
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