CN106717412A - High-quality tobacco produces the determination method of fertilizer applications - Google Patents
High-quality tobacco produces the determination method of fertilizer applications Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
Abstract
The present invention relates to the determination method that high-quality tobacco produces fertilizer applications, belong to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field.Present invention solves the technical problem that being to provide the determination method that high-quality tobacco produces fertilizer applications, the method step analysis and Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment are to different nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen in the lower flue-cured tobacco middle part blade of potash fertilizer treatment, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein, the ash chemical composition content that grades carries out overall merit, obtain the optimal fertilizer applications of quality of tobacco, its method is simply objective, chemically the quality of composition judges Flue-cured tobacco Quality, avoid existing has the influence of subjective factor evaluating high-quality tobacco from aesthetic quality, there is important directive significance to the production of high-quality tobacco.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the determination method that high-quality tobacco produces fertilizer applications, belong to flue-cured tobacco cultivation technical field.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is one of Important Economic crop of Panzhihua City, is the Main Economic source of local farmers.In the kind of flue-cured tobacco
During plant, fertilizer plays an important role to growing for flue-cured tobacco, and the fertilizer applications of optimization can promote the life of high-quality tobacco
Produce, the long-term excessive environmental pollution caused using chemical fertilizer is reduced, so as to realize the sustainable development of cured tobacco production.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are three big nutrients of plant growth.Rational Combined Application of NPK can promote the increasing of flue-cured tobacco
Product is increased income, and fertilising is not enough or fertilising surplus can influence the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, and causes the pollution of environment, influence life
State sustainable development.Current Panzhihua City is planted cigarette area peasant and relies primarily on empiric fertilization, and experts and scholars are to Panzhihua City flue-cured tobacco
The research of optimal fertilizer applications is also less.Chen Yi is strong etc. to establish the Fertilizer Application of Tobacco model based on soil fertility contribution rate, Chen Wei
The tobacco high-yield fertilization model that have studied based on target output such as strong, Zhang Wenming etc. are established roasting by " 3414 " fertilizer test
Cigarette high-yield fertilization model.These Fertilization Models are substantially and judge the good of fertilization effect for standard based on crop yield or the output value
Whether go bad.But, the quality of flue cured tobacco quality can not be only judged from yield or the output value.
And it is current, tobacco business evaluates the variation of the good and bad and style of quality of tobacco mainly by the sense organ of people, and sense organ is commented
Surely the physiology and mental condition of people are relied primarily on, is in itself a technology for exquisiteness.Say in a sense, due to by experience,
The influence of the subjective factors such as mood, subjective appreciation method result carries subjective factor.
Therefore, urgent need one kind evaluates flue cured tobacco quality based on Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco, so that it is determined that high-quality tobacco production fertilising
The method of scheme.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that the determination method that high-quality tobacco produces fertilizer applications is to provide, with it,
The dose of flue-cured tobacco is can determine that, the yield of high-quality tobacco is improved.
High-quality tobacco of the present invention produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, comprises the following steps：
A, set n test process, each treatment by Different Fertilization scheme cultivate flue-cured tobacco, after after its maturation harvesting, toast；
Wherein, n is more than or equal to 10；
B, chemical composition analysis：Ripe consistent middle part blade is selected from each treatment, chemical composition refers in analysis blade
Target content, wherein, the chemical composition index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein
And ash content；
C, the score for calculating each chemical composition index：It is calculated the i-th test process jth chemistry respectively according to the following equation
The score of component target：
Wherein, SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤
j≤9；
pjRepresent the jth optimum content value of chemical composition index；
xijRepresent the content of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index that b step is measured；
D, each treatment score of calculating：It is calculated the score of each treatment respectively according to the following equation：
Wherein, TSiRepresent the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco PTS, 1≤i≤n；
SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, 1≤j≤9；
NjRepresent the weight of jth chemical composition index；
E, the treatment for choosing maximum score, its fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
Preferably, using 3414 conceptual design fertilizer applications, n is 14.
It is further preferred that as follows by weighted value that analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is calculated each chemical composition index in flue-cured tobacco：
The weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, and the weighted value of phosphorus is 0.05, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, nicotine
Weighted value is 0.18, and the weighted value of total reducing sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, ash
The weighted value for dividing is 0.05.
Further, the measuring method of preferably each chemical composition index is as follows：Nitrogen content uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, phosphorus
Content is determined using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, and potassium content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar to use
Continuous Flow Analysis instrument is determined, and protein content is determined using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes is determined using high temperature ashing method.
Used as preferred, the optimum content value of each chemical composition index is：The optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, also
Raw sugar is 15%, and nitrogen is 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, and protein is 8%, and chlorine is 0.5%, and phosphorus is 0.6%, and ash content is 13.3%,
Potassium is the maximum in each treatment.
The inventive method, with step analysis and Field Using Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment to different nitrogen, phosphorus, the lower flue-cured tobacco middle leaf of potash fertilizer treatment
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein, the ash chemical composition content that grades carry out overall merit in piece, obtain cigarette
Leaf fertilizer applications best in quality, its method is simply objective, chemically the quality of composition judges Flue-cured tobacco Quality, it is to avoid existing
There is the influence of subjective factor from aesthetic quality evaluating high-quality tobacco, the production to high-quality tobacco is anticipated with important guidance
Justice.
Specific embodiment
High-quality tobacco of the present invention produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, comprises the following steps：
A, set n test process, each treatment by Different Fertilization scheme cultivate flue-cured tobacco, after after its maturation harvesting, toast；
Wherein, n is more than or equal to 10；
B, chemical composition analysis：Ripe consistent middle part blade is selected from each treatment, chemical composition refers in analysis blade
Target content, wherein, the chemical composition index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein
And ash content；
C, the score for calculating each chemical composition index：It is calculated the i-th test process jth chemistry respectively according to the following equation
The score of component target：
Wherein, SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤
j≤9；
pjRepresent the jth optimum content value of chemical composition index；
xijRepresent the content of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index that b step is measured；
D, each treatment score of calculating：It is calculated the score of each treatment respectively according to the following equation：
Wherein, TSiRepresent the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco PTS, 1≤i≤n；
SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, 1≤j≤9；
NjRepresent the weight of jth chemical composition index；
E, the treatment for choosing maximum score, its fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
Preferably, fertilizer applications can be determined using 3414 schemes, now, n is 14.3414 schemes are that quadratic regression D- is optimal
Design experiment scheme." 3414 " refer to nitrogen, phosphorus, 3 factors of potassium, 4 levels, 14 treatment.The implication of 4 levels is：0 level
Finger does not apply fertilizer, and 2 levels refer to local optimum fertilizing amount, 1 level=2 level × 0.5,3 level=2 level × 1.5.
In the present invention, the weight of each chemical composition index can be calculated using existing method.Preferably, using AHP layers
Fractional analysis determines each index weights.Its specific determination method is as follows：
1) hierarchy structure model is set up according to correlation and membership between each chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco, establishes 3
The comprehensive evaluation model structure of level.Ground floor is destination layer (A), is high-quality tobacco.The second layer is rule layer (C), is influence
The i factor of quality of tobacco, i=4, comprising C1Containing sugared index, C2Nitrogenous index, C3Potassium chlorine index, C4Other indexs.Third layer
It is indicator layer P, is the n kind chemical compositions of flue-cured tobacco, n=9, comprising P1Total reducing sugar, P2Reduced sugar, P3Nitrogen, P4Nicotine, P5Protein, P6
Potassium, P7Chlorine, P8Phosphorus, P9Ash content.
2) Judgement Matricies and consistency check is carried out using step analysis 1-9 scaling laws[16]Carry out each index important
Property scale.1-9 integers and its inverse are meant that：1 expression two indices have equal importance；3 represent an index than another
One index is somewhat important；5 represent that an index is substantially more important than another index；7 represent an index than another index
It is strong important；9 represent that an index is more extremely important than another index；2nd, above-mentioned two adjacent judgements are represented 4,6,8 respectively
Value；If the reciprocal of 1-9 represents that index i compares to obtain bij, j and i with j and compares to obtain 1/bij.
Scale is carried out according to each index relative importance, judgement square of the low layer index relative to upper level index is built
Battle array.According to the maximum characteristic root λ max of judgment matrix calculating matrix and individual features vector, place is normalized to characteristic vector
Reason, draws weight W, the W=(w of each determinant1, w2, w3..., wi) (the results are shown in Table 1~5).
Consistency check is carried out to matrix.From table 1~5, each judgment matrix CR is respectively less than 0.10, judgment matrix one
The inspection satisfaction of cause property, each judgment matrix is rational in showing table 1~5.
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
3) weighted value of each level index for destination layer (A) is calculated according to A-CiAnd Ci–PnResulting weighted value, meter
Calculate weighted value (the results are shown in Table 6) of each evaluation index for destination layer (A).
Table 6
To sum up, the weighted value of currently preferred each chemical composition index is as follows：The weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, the weight of phosphorus
It is 0.05 to be worth, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, the weighted value of total reducing sugar
It is 0.15, the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, the weighted value of protein is 0.06, the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
The conventional detection method of each chemical composition index is applied to the present invention.Preferably, nitrogen content uses kjeldahl determination
Method is determined, and phosphorus content is determined using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, and potassium content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduction
Sugared content is determined using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, and protein content is determined using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes uses high temperature
Ash purification determining.
In Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco evaluation, each chemical composition index of sound tobacco has an optimum content value.Such as
The really a certain finger target value quality to tobacco leaf higher is more favourable, and the maximum for just occurring in this experiment with the index is as most suitable
Suitable content value；If a certain finger lower quality for tobacco leaf of target value is more favourable, gone out in this experiment with the index
Existing minimum value is optimum content value.The optimum content value of each chemical composition index is in the present invention：Total reducing sugar is most
Optimum Contents are 20%, and reduced sugar is 15%, and nitrogen is 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, and protein is 8%, and chlorine is 0.5%, and phosphorus is
0.6%, ash content is 13.3%, and potassium is the maximum in each treatment.
By the inventive method, the optimal fertilizer applications of Panzhihua Region cloud and mist 87 are can obtain, the program can improve cloud and mist
87 quality, has important influence to flue-cured tobacco cultivation.
Specific embodiment of the invention is further described with reference to embodiment, is not therefore limited the present invention
System is among described scope of embodiments.
Embodiment 1
The optimal fertilizer applications of cloud and mist 87 are determined using the inventive method, concrete operations are as follows：
1.1 test materials
Test in Panzhihua City Zhi Yan great townshiies of Sichuan Province --- and autonomy township of the love Yi nationality, distributed over Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou is carried out, the township is located at N26 ° of north latitude
29 ', E102 ° 02 ' of east longitude, soil types is red soil.Experimental field prepartion of land, fertility is uniform, and soil physico-chemical property is pH6.1,
Organic matter 28gkg-1, full nitrogen 2.3gkg-1, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 83.5mgkg-1, rapid available phosphorus 21.8mgkg--1, available potassium
152.5mg·kg-1.It is cloud and mist 87 for examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars, agricultural ammonium nitrate calcium (N content 15.5%), mistake is respectively for examination fertilizer
Calcium phosphate (P2O5Content 16%), potassium sulfate (K2O content 50%), wherein 70% is base manure, 30% to topdress, field farming pipe
Reason mode is carried out by local conventional method.
1.2 experimental designs
Experiment uses " 3414 " Twice regression D-the best design, totally 14 treatment.Three factors are N, P2O5、K2O, four water
It is not 0 level to divide equally：Do not apply fertilizer；2 levels：Local optimum fertilizing amount；1 level：2 level × 0.5；3 levels：2 level × 1.5.
Plot area is 77m2, three repetitions, random district's groups arrangement.Specific fertilising situation is shown in Table 7.
Test was carried out 2 years in 2014,2015, and floating seedlings are used for examination flue-cured tobacco.On April 18th, 2014 transplants, July
Start within 20th picking and roasting, September harvesting on the 3rd terminates；On April 20th, 2015 transplants, and July 18 started picking and roasting, September 1 day
Harvesting terminates.Cigarette strain uses covering with ground sheeting, singling fertilising after transplanting.Point cell harvesting unified dress a heatable brick bed baking after terminating, goes out a heatable brick bed
Classification, calculates yield and output value.Ripe consistent middle part blade (8,9,10,11 leaves position) 2kg is selected from each treatment, for items
Chemical composition analysis.
(the unit of table 7：kg·hm-2)
| Treatment | Fertilization Level | N | P2O5 | K2O |
| 1 | N0P0K0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | N0P2K2 | 0 | 180 | 360 |
| 3 | N1P2K2 | 60 | 180 | 360 |
| 4 | N2P0K2 | 120 | 0 | 360 |
| 5 | N2P1K2 | 120 | 90 | 360 |
| 6 | N2P2K2 | 120 | 180 | 360 |
| 7 | N2P3K2 | 120 | 270 | 360 |
| 8 | N2P2K0 | 120 | 180 | 0 |
| 9 | N2P2K1 | 120 | 180 | 180 |
| 10 | N2P2K3 | 120 | 180 | 540 |
| 11 | N3P2K2 | 180 | 180 | 360 |
| 12 | N1P1K2 | 60 | 90 | 360 |
| 13 | N1P2K1 | 60 | 180 | 180 |
| 14 | N2P1K1 | 120 | 90 | 180 |
1.3 determine project and method
Using Kjeldahl nitrogen determination nitrogen content, phosphorus content is determined using molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, surveyed using flame spectrometry
Determine potassium content, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar are determined using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument, egg is determined using biuret reaction method
White matter content, content of ashes is determined using high temperature ashing method.
1.4 calculate each treatment score
The score of each chemical composition index is calculated according to the following equation：It is calculated the i-th experiment respectively according to the following equation
Process the score of jth chemical composition index：
Wherein, SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤
j≤9；
pjRepresent the jth optimum content value of chemical composition index；
xijRepresent the content of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index that b step is measured；
Max function max1≤i≤n|pj-xij| j-th index is represented, in each different disposal | pj-xij| maximum；
The optimum content value of each chemical composition index is：The optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, and reduced sugar is 15%,
Nitrogen is 2.5%, and nicotine is 2%, and protein is 8%, and chlorine is 0.5%, and phosphorus is 0.6%, and ash content is 13.3%, and potassium is in each treatment
Maximum.
Then it is calculated the score of each treatment respectively according to the following equation：
Wherein, TSiRepresent the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco PTS, 1≤i≤n；
SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, 1≤j≤9；
NjRepresent the weight of jth chemical composition index；
The weighted value of each chemical composition index is as follows：The weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, and the weighted value of phosphorus is 0.05, the weight of potassium
It is 0.225 to be worth, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, and the weighted value of total reducing sugar is 0.15, the power of reduced sugar
Weight values are 0.15, and the weighted value of protein is 0.06, and the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
Its result of calculation is shown in Table 8.
Table 8
| Treatment | Comprehensive score | Ranking |
| 1 | 1.9413 | 14 |
| 2 | 3.6783 | 12 |
| 3 | 6.6583 | 4 |
| 4 | 4.7238 | 10 |
| 5 | 7.3184 | 3 |
| 6 | 7.9528 | 2 |
| 7 | 6.0345 | 5 |
| 8 | 3.4257 | 13 |
| 9 | 5.9092 | 7 |
| 10 | 9.0628 | 1 |
| 11 | 4.1429 | 11 |
| 12 | 5.6263 | 8 |
| 13 | 5.5188 | 9 |
| 14 | 5.9587 | 6 |
As shown in Table 2, in 14 fertilizer treatments, 10 highest scorings are processed, illustrates each chemical composition for the treatment of cured tobacco leaf
Content is optimal, and Flue-cured tobacco Quality is best.
1.5 method Accuracy Verifications
With reference to《Chinese tobacco planting regionalization》On the basis of the flue-cured tobacco sensory quality assessment index system of proposition, many are consulted
Document, determines that aroma quality, perfume quantity, pleasant impression, miscellaneous gas, excitant are flue-cured tobacco sensory quality assessment index, quality index and scoring
Standard is shown in Table 9.
The cured tobacco leaf sensory quality assessment obtained after 14 fertilizer treatments is detected respectively, and it the results are shown in Table 10.
The flue-cured tobacco aesthetic quality index of table 9 and standards of grading (C3F)
The different disposal of table 10 is to cured tobacco leaf sensory quality assessment (C3F)
| Treatment | Aroma quality | Perfume quantity | Pleasant impression | Miscellaneous gas | Excitant | Total score | Ranking |
| 1 | 9 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 36 | 14 |
| 2 | 12 | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 45 | 12 |
| 3 | 19 | 18 | 16 | 10 | 9 | 72 | 4 |
| 4 | 14 | 14 | 12 | 6 | 7 | 53 | 10 |
| 5 | 21 | 20 | 15 | 9 | 9 | 74 | 3 |
| 6 | 22 | 22 | 16 | 10 | 10 | 80 | 2 |
| 7 | 16 | 18 | 16 | 9 | 8 | 67 | 5 |
| 8 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 4 | 5 | 38 | 13 |
| 9 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 63 | 7 |
| 10 | 22 | 24 | 18 | 11 | 11 | 86 | 1 |
| 11 | 13 | 13 | 11 | 5 | 5 | 47 | 11 |
| 12 | 15 | 15 | 12 | 8 | 8 | 58 | 8 |
| 13 | 14 | 15 | 12 | 7 | 8 | 56 | 9 |
| 14 | 17 | 16 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 64 | 6 |
It can be seen that, the cured tobacco leaf organoleptic quality highest for the treatment of 10 is identical with the inventive method result, the ranking of each treatment with
The ranking of the inventive method is consistent, shows that the inventive method is accurately and reliably.
Claims (5)
1. high-quality tobacco produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
A, set n test process, each treatment by Different Fertilization scheme cultivate flue-cured tobacco, after after its maturation harvesting, toast；Its
In, n is more than or equal to 10；
B, chemical composition analysis：Ripe consistent middle part blade is selected from each treatment, chemical composition index in analysis blade
Content, wherein, the chemical composition index is 9, respectively nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, reduced sugar, protein and ash
Point；
C, the score for calculating each chemical composition index：It is calculated the i-th test process jth chemical composition respectively according to the following equation
The score of index：
Wherein, SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, i, j are positive integer, 1≤i≤n, 1≤j≤
9；
pjRepresent the jth optimum content value of chemical composition index；
xijRepresent the content of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index that b step is measured；
D, each treatment score of calculating：It is calculated the score of each treatment respectively according to the following equation：
Wherein, TSiRepresent the i-th test process Chemical Compositions of Flue-cured Tobacco PTS, 1≤i≤n；
SijRepresent the score of the i-th test process jth chemical composition index, 1≤j≤9；
NjRepresent the weight of jth chemical composition index；
E, the treatment for choosing maximum score, its fertilizer applications are high-quality tobacco production fertilizer applications.
2. high-quality tobacco according to claim 1 produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, it is characterised in that：Using 3414 sides
Case designs fertilizer applications, and n is 14.
3. high-quality tobacco according to claim 1 and 2 produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, it is characterised in that：By layer
Weighted value shared by each chemical composition index is as follows during fractional analysis is calculated flue-cured tobacco：The weighted value of nitrogen is 0.06, the weight of phosphorus
It is 0.05 to be worth, and the weighted value of potassium is 0.225, and the weighted value of chlorine is 0.075, and the weighted value of nicotine is 0.18, the weighted value of total reducing sugar
It is 0.15, the weighted value of reduced sugar is 0.15, the weighted value of protein is 0.06, the weighted value of ash content is 0.05.
4. the high-quality tobacco according to any one of claims 1 to 3 produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, it is characterised in that：
The measuring method of each chemical composition index is as follows：Nitrogen content uses Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, phosphorus content to use molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method
Determine, potassium content uses flame spectrophotometric determination, chlorine, nicotine, total reducing sugar, content of reducing sugar to be determined using Continuous Flow Analysis instrument,
Protein content is determined using biuret reaction method, and content of ashes is determined using high temperature ashing method.
5. the high-quality tobacco according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 produces the determination method of fertilizer applications, it is characterised in that：
The optimum content value of each chemical composition index is：The optimum content of total reducing sugar is 20%, and reduced sugar is 15%, and nitrogen is
2.5%, nicotine is 2%, and protein is 8%, and chlorine is 0.5%, and phosphorus is 0.6%, and ash content is 13.3%, potassium be in each treatment most
Big value.
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| CN110009191A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-07-12 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of flue-cured tobacco cultivation decision-making technique and system based on genetic algorithm |
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| 胡文智,王晴,苗慧莹,余世洲,王胜男,廖允成: "钾肥基施与叶面喷施对烤烟含钾量的影响", 《西北农业学报》 * |
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