CN105075833B - Method for three-dimensionally cultivating shade-resistant flowers by using live stems of large oil palm trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for three-dimensionally cultivating shade-resistant flowers by using live stems of large oil palm trees. The living oil palm big tree not only has the shading effect on the growing shade-resistant flowers, avoids direct irradiation of sunlight and increases air permeability, but also has the moisturizing effect on the growing environment of the shade-resistant flowers, and can reduce the generation of germs in the process of cultivating the shade-resistant flowers, thereby ensuring the healthy growth of the shade-resistant flowers, ensuring the growth speed of the shade-resistant flowers to be faster and preventing diseases; the cultivation of the shade-tolerant flower nursery stocks adopts mixed medium cultivation, which not only can effectively provide required nutrients for the nursery stocks, but also can prevent the fixed medium from being easily dispersed when the shade-tolerant flowers are irrigated, and in addition, the withered flower and fruit medium in the inner side of the axilla of the leaves after the cultivation of the flower nursery stocks is a natural organic medium for the growth of the shade-tolerant flowers.

Description

A method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living stems of big oil palm trees

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living stems of large oil palm trees.

Background technique

my country's hot zone flower resources are quite rich. Hainan Island alone has about 859 kinds of flower germplasm resources, including wild flowers, trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, succulent flowers, etc.; Paphiopedilum, Annolan, Penicillium, and Vanda Orchid are all fine and valuable varieties, while Dendrobium sinensis, Dendrobium dendrobii, and Dendrobium meihua are unique species in Hainan. The main shade-tolerant ornamental flowers in my country's hot areas include camellia, water tower flower, Jialan, four seasons crabapple, African violet, daylily, hosta, tiger's eye evergreen, clivia, hydrangea lily, multiflora nail orchid, and heding orchid, etc. The main shade-tolerant foliage flowers include bird's nest fern, yew, golden chamomile, mirabilis, nandina, saxifrage, heather, qingzimu, Eustaceus, pearl sand root, June snow, calla lily, etc. But at present, there are few resources of shade-tolerant flowers commercially cultivated in hot areas of our country, and the flower colors are relatively monotonous, and the utilization of shade-tolerant flowers has not been paid enough attention. With the improvement of people's quality of life, people's demand for shade-tolerant flowers is increasing. Therefore, strengthening the development of shade-tolerant flowers and giving full play to the advantages of shade-tolerant flowers in hot areas is of great significance to the economic development of hot areas in my country.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a typical tropical woody oil crop, and its annual oil production per hectare can reach 5-8.8 tons, and it is known as the "king of oil in the world". It is a tall tree with an economic lifespan of 25-30 years and a natural lifespan of 100 years. The annual growth of the stem is 40-60 cm, and the plant height can reach 18 meters. With the growth of the oil palm tree, the height of the stem increases, and a large number of leaf bases remain on the stem. The inner side of the leaf base can be suitable for planting a variety of shade-tolerant plants. The method for planting shade-tolerant plants on oil palm trees does not occupy land resources, can make full use of the three-dimensional space resources of oil palm stems, reduces production costs, and increases economic benefits.

Present artificial cultivation (facility cultivation) of shade-tolerant flowers mainly all is to directly plant the live shade-tolerant flowers on the ground or the table top covered with a greenhouse, and adjust the required temperature, humidity and ventilation in the greenhouse. This cultivation method occupies an area of The area is large, the investment cost of shade facilities is high, and the high temperature of 40°C often occurs in the facilities, and the air permeability of shade-tolerant flowers during the growth process is also difficult to control, which is easy to breed bacteria. In addition, the uniformity of planting needs to be controlled artificially.

Oil palm trees can provide a very good small environment suitable for the growth of shade-tolerant flowers. The three-dimensional planting of shade-tolerant flowers on the stems of oil palm trees has the advantages of high output efficiency, quality safety, resource conservation, environmental friendliness, and can be used without occupying land. Make full use of three-dimensional space resources under the circumstances, reduce production costs and increase profits. The existing report of the method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers on oil palm trees is "A Three-dimensional Cultivation Method for Dendrobium on Oil Palm Trees" by Li Juan. There are still some limitations.

Therefore be badly in need of a kind of method that can preferably solve the existing limitation problem of prior art a kind of oil palm big tree living body stem three-dimensional cultivation shade-tolerant flowers.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living stems of oil palm trees, which is convenient for cultivation, uniform in planting, high in survival rate, does not occupy the ground, has a good growth environment, and is conducive to the growth of shade-tolerant flowers. .

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is: provide a kind of method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living stems of big oil palm trees, comprising the following steps:

1) Select the living stems of oil palm trees that contain certain stable petiole residues;

2) The living shade-tolerant flowers are cultivated with a growth substrate composed of a mixed substrate and a natural organic substrate. The mixed substrate is uniformly mixed with organic nutrient raw materials and pore auxiliary substrates in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-2. The natural The organic substrate is the flower and fruit substrate withered in the inner side of the leaf axil after the flower seedlings are cultivated;

3) Build a nest for accommodating shade-tolerant flowers at the leaf axil of the stem petiole residue of the large oil palm tree with a mixed substrate, fix the roots of the shade-tolerant flowers in the nest, and spread the mixed substrate;

4) Live shade-tolerant flowers are planted on the living stems of oil palm trees according to the order of the oil palm growth impellers, and are planted in each petiole residue on each impeller, or separated by one or more impellers. Sequential or alternate colonization in petioles;

5) Watering the growth substrate of shade-tolerant flowers by drip irrigation facilities, keeping the shade-tolerant flowers in the petiole residues from drying;

6) Install an insect-proof device, and put the insect-proof device outside the living stems of oil palm trees and shade-tolerant flowers.

Preferably, the organic nutrient raw material is one or more of crushed crop shells, coconut peat, peat soil, wood bran, moss, bark pieces, and charcoal; the pore auxiliary matrix is tiles, broken bricks , gravel, ceramsite, perlite or one or more.

Preferably, the specific operation of watering the growth substrate of shade-tolerant flowers through drip irrigation facilities is as follows: arrange the drip irrigation facilities along the head of the oil palm tree according to the planting position of the shade-tolerant flowers and the order of the oil palm impellers, and arrange the pipelines in the order of each shade-tolerant flower. An adjustable dripper is installed on the top of the tree, and an automatic switch is installed on each tree head to realize automatic drip irrigation to ensure the moisture required by shade-tolerant flowers in dry seasons and when rainfall intensity is small.

Preferably, the insect-proof device is an insect-proof net, and the width and height of the insect-proof net are respectively adapted to the stem girth of the oil palm and the height of the cultivated flowers; Side setting pins or zippers fasten the sides. The anti-insect device can effectively prevent the harassment of external animals, such as birds, rodents and other external pests. At the same time, it provides a shade-tolerant environment suitable for the growth of shade-tolerant flowers.

Further, the petiole residue of the oil palm stem is preferably a residue with a stable base left after pruning of the living oil palm.

Further, the living shade-tolerant flowers are cultivated with mixed substrates, which can not only provide the required nutrients for seedlings, but also prevent the fixed substrates from being easily washed away when watering shade-tolerant flowers, and keep the roots of shade-tolerant flowers easy to breathe. , many gaps, no water accumulation, which is conducive to the development of roots.

The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art is:

1. In terms of planting methods, the shade-tolerant flowers in the present invention can be evenly planted on the living stems of oil palms according to the order of the oil palm growth impellers, and can be planted in each petiole residue on each impeller, or separated by one or more Sequential or alternate colonization in one or more petioles in each impeller. It is different from the practice of planting a circle at a certain height from the base of the oil palm stem upwards.

2. In terms of watering methods, the drip irrigation facility of the living shade-tolerant flowers in the present invention is to arrange the pipelines by the order of the oil palm impeller along the head of the oil palm by the drip irrigation facilities according to the planting positions of the shade-tolerant flowers, and install them on every shade-tolerant flowers. Adjustable dripper to ensure the moisture needed by shade-tolerant flowers in dry season and less rainfall intensity. It can provide an atomized, cool and humid environment, and can realize automatic irrigation, which is different from the current method that can only rely on manual irrigation.

3. In terms of pest control methods, the pest control device of the present invention can effectively prevent external animals such as birds, rodents and other external pests from being harassed by physical methods. At the same time, it provides a shade-tolerant environment suitable for the growth of shade-tolerant flowers. It is different from the current practice of effectively preventing bird damage, insect damage and rodent damage.

4. In terms of substrates, the cultivation of living shade-tolerant flowers of the present invention adopts mixed substrate cultivation, which can not only provide the required nutrients for seedlings, but also prevent the fixed substrates from being easily washed away when watering shade-tolerant flowers, and keep the roots of shade-tolerant flowers It is easy to breathe, has many gaps, does not accumulate water, and is conducive to the development of roots. It is different from the current method that simply adopts the littered flower and fruit substrate, which is easy to be washed by rainwater, and the seedlings are easy to wash away from the planting base.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the insect-proof device in the method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers by the living stems of oil palm trees of the present invention;

In the picture: 1. Insect net; 2. Rubber cord; 3. Pin; 4. Zipper.

Detailed ways

In order to describe in detail the technical content and structural features of the method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living stems of oil palm trees of the present invention, further description will be made below in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A method for three-dimensional cultivation of bird's nest fern with living stems of oil palm trees

The cultivation method comprises living bird's nest fern, fixing the living bird's nest fern in the oil palm stem petiole residue, watering water and bird's nest fern growth substrate, and keeping the bird's nest fern in the petiole residue from drying.

The specific steps include the following:

1) Select the living stems of oil palm trees that contain certain stable petiole residues;

2) The living bird's nest fern is cultivated with a growth substrate composed of a mixed substrate and a natural organic substrate. The mixed substrate is coconut bran: peat soil: broken brick scraps are evenly mixed in a ratio of 4:2:1 by weight; the natural organic The substrate is the dead flowers and fruits remaining in the leaf axils, which can be the source of organic fertilizer during the subsequent growth of the seedlings.

3) Build a nest for accommodating the living bird's nest fern with a mixed substrate at the leaf axil of the living stem petiole residue of the large oil palm tree, fix the living bird's nest fern root in the nest, and spread the mixed substrate;

4) The bird's nest fern is planted in the four directions of the living oil palm stem according to the order of the oil palm impeller, and each direction is separated by 2 to 4 petioles to plant one plant, and each direction is staggered;

5) Carry out watering water to living bird's nest fern growth matrix by drip irrigation facility, keep the bird's nest fern in the petiole residue not dry; The drip irrigation facility of described living bird's nest fern refers to the colonization of drip irrigation facility by bird's nest fern along the oil palm tree head Pipelines are arranged in the position, and adjustable drippers are installed on each bird's nest fern, and an automatic switch is installed on each tree head to realize automatic drip irrigation to ensure the water needed by the bird's nest fern in the dry season and when the rainfall intensity is small.

6) An insect-proof device is installed, and the insect-proof device is placed outside the living stem of the oil palm tree and the living bird's nest fern. Insect-proof device, structure as described in Figure 1, insect-proof device is insect-proof net 1, and the width and height of insect-proof net adapt to the height of oil palm stem stem circumference and bird's nest fern respectively; 2. The left and right sides of the insect-proof net are provided with pins 3 or zippers 4 for fastening the sides. The anti-insect device can effectively prevent the harassment of external animals, such as birds, rodents and other external pests. At the same time, it provides a shade-tolerant environment suitable for the growth of bird's nest fern. The bird's nest fern seedling is a bird's nest fern seedling with or without a root system.

Example 2

A kind of method for three-dimensional cultivation of dendrobium dendrobii with living body stems of oil palm trees

The specific steps include the following:

1) Select the living stems of oil palm trees that contain certain stable petiole residues;

2) Dendrobium dendrobii is cultivated with a growth substrate composed of a mixed substrate and a natural organic substrate. The mixed substrate is crushed peanut shells: peat soil: ceramsite is evenly mixed in a ratio of 5:3:1; the natural organic substrate is The dead flowers, dead fruits and leaves remaining in the leaf axils can become the source of organic fertilizer during the subsequent growth of the seedlings.

3) Build a nest to accommodate Dendrobium dendrobii with a mixed substrate at the leaf axil of the stem petiole residue of the large oil palm tree, fix the roots of Dendrobium dendrobii in the nest, and spread the mixed substrate;

4) Dendrobium dendrobii is planted in the leaf axil of each petiole residue of each impeller of the living oil palm stem.

5) Watering the growth substrate of Dendrobium dendrobii by drip irrigation facilities, keeping the Dendrobium dendrobii in the petiole residues from drying; the drip irrigation facilities of Dendrobium dendrobii refer to the drip irrigation facilities along the oil palm tree Pipelines are arranged at the planting position of Dendrobium dendrobii, and adjustable drippers are installed on each Dendrobium dendrobii, and automatic switches are installed on the top of each tree to realize automatic drip irrigation, so as to ensure that the D. moisture as needed.

6) An insect-proof device is installed, and the insect-proof device is placed outside the living stem of the oil palm tree and Dendrobium dendrobii. Insect-proof device, structure as described in Figure 1, insect-proof device is an insect-proof net 1, and the width and height of the insect-proof net adapt to the height of the oil palm stem stem circumference and Dendrobium dendrobii respectively; Rope 2, pins 3 or zippers 4 fastening the sides are set on the left and right sides of the insect-proof net. The anti-insect device can effectively prevent the harassment of external animals, such as birds, rodents and other external pests. At the same time, it provides a shade-tolerant environment suitable for the growth of Dendrobium dendrobii.

The dendrobium dendrobium seedlings are dendrobium dendrobium seedlings with or without roots.

In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention can also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.

After 90 days of planting, statistics facility cultivation (greenhouse cultivation), traditional oil palm stem cultivation (oil palm stem base upwards, planting a circle at a certain height, artificial watering, adopting littered flower and fruit matrix) and Dendrobium dendrobii processed by the present invention Growth characteristics Plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, dry-fresh ratio, plant number, survival rate and other indicators, the results show that the plant survival rate of the present invention reaches 100%, and the present invention is comparable to facility cultivation plant height, stem diameter, fresh There was no significant difference in the survival rate of weight, but it was significantly different from the traditional oil palm stem cultivation. The dry-to-fresh ratio is not significantly different from that of traditional oil palm stem cultivation, and the number of planted plants and total fresh weight are 2.75 times and 3.2 times that of traditional oil palm stem cultivation.

Table 1 Effects of different cultivation treatments on the growth characteristics of Dendrobium densiflora

1) Duncan's new multiple range test, different lowercase letters in the same column in the table indicate significant differences between treatments (P<0.05).

The above disclosures are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and certainly cannot limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers with living body stems of big oil palm trees, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 1) Select the living stems of oil palm trees that contain certain stable petiole residues; 2) The living shade-tolerant flowers are cultivated with a growth substrate composed of a mixed substrate and a natural organic substrate. The mixed substrate is uniformly mixed with organic nutrient raw materials and pore auxiliary substrates in a weight ratio of 3-5:1-2. The natural The organic matrix is the flower and fruit matrix that falls in the inner side of the leaf axil after the cultivation of flower seedlings; the organic nutrient raw material is one or more of crushed crop shells, coconut bran, peat soil, wood bran, moss, bark pieces, and charcoal. ; The pore auxiliary matrix is one or more of tiles, broken brick chips, gravel, ceramsite, and perlite; 3) Build a nest for accommodating shade-tolerant flowers at the leaf axil of the stem petiole residue of the large oil palm tree with a mixed substrate, fix the roots of the shade-tolerant flowers in the nest, and spread the mixed substrate; 4) Live shade-tolerant flowers are planted on the living stems of oil palm trees in the order of oil palm growth impellers, and are planted sequentially or alternately in one or more petioles separated by one or more impellers; 5) Watering the growth substrate of shade-tolerant flowers by drip irrigation facilities, keeping the shade-tolerant flowers in the petiole residues from drying; 6) An insect-proof device is set, and the insect-proof device is placed outside the living stem of the oil palm tree and the shade-tolerant flowers; the insect-proof device is an insect-proof net, and the width and height of the insect-proof net are respectively the same as the circumference of the oil palm stem and the height of the cultivated flowers Compatible; the upper and lower ends of the insect-proof net are provided with rubber ropes that tie the opening tightly, and the left and right sides of the insect-proof net are provided with pins or zippers. 2. the method for three-dimensional cultivation of shade-tolerant flowers by the living stems of big oil palm trees as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: carry out the specific operation of watering the growth matrix of shade-tolerant flowers by drip irrigation facilities as follows: drip irrigation facilities along the oil palm Pipes are arranged at the head of the tree according to the planting position of the shade-tolerant flowers and the sequence of the oil palm impeller, and an adjustable dripper is installed on each shade-tolerant flower, and an automatic switch is installed on each tree head to realize automatic drip irrigation.