CN110235708B - Wild intercostal flower introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method - Google Patents

Wild intercostal flower introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method Download PDF

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CN110235708B
CN110235708B CN201910678081.3A CN201910678081A CN110235708B CN 110235708 B CN110235708 B CN 110235708B CN 201910678081 A CN201910678081 A CN 201910678081A CN 110235708 B CN110235708 B CN 110235708B
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seeds
wild
days
sowing
fine sand
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CN110235708A (en
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斯琴巴特尔
乌日嘎玛拉
杨林曙
娜仁满都拉
包勒尔
齐力格尔
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Xilinguole Mengmeng Hospital
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a wild lomatogonium carinthiacum introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method, and belongs to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation. The method comprises the steps of wild seed collection, seed germination acceleration, land selection and preparation, sowing, tending and harvesting. According to the method, the whole plant of the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum with slightly hard fruit pods is selected, the specific temperature-changing germination accelerating treatment is carried out, the seed germination rate is obviously improved, the specific cultivation process is combined, the quantity and growth of weeds are effectively controlled, the plant preservation rate reaches 30%, the flowering uniformity reaches 75%, the yield reaches 40 kg/mu, the resource protection and sustainable utilization of the scarce or endangered medical plant lomatogonium carinthiacum are realized, and the industrial production is broken through by the bottleneck of the domestication technology to meet the market demand.

Description

Wild intercostal flower introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of medicinal plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a wild lomatogonium carinthiacum introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method.
Background
Costalia flower is a traditional Mongolian medicine, which is named Harbiri dry-Geda. Is dry whole plant of flos costae Immaturus of Gentianaceae, has bitter taste, cold, dull, coarse, light and dry properties, has effects of calming and coordinating day, clearing heat, invigorating stomach, and healing wound, and can be used for treating diseases such as heat, plague, influenza, typhoid fever, heatstroke, headache, liver and gallbladder heat, jaundice, stomach coordinating day, and wound heat. Modern research results show that the costal columna has the effects of benefiting gallbladder, removing jaundice, resisting liver injury, inhibiting hepatic fibrosis and the like, and has wide application prospect in the field of liver disease treatment. Costal column flower has unique curative effect in Mongolian medicine.
With the development of the medical industry of China, the production scale of Mongolian medicines is continuously enlarged, the quality and the curative effect are greatly improved, and the demand of Mongolian medicine costal flower is increasing day by day. The costal column anther source wild plants used in the prior production are difficult to collect, and the large unit of medication is mostly replaced by the low-curative-effect Chinese violet. Due to the factors of abnormal climate change, rainfall reduction, overloading grazing, desertification of soil, lake drying, man-made interference, blind excavation and the like, the wild resources of costal flower are endangered, and after the 80 th century, the wild resources are difficult to see and can only be replaced by the viola philippica with different families and low curative effect, and the detection proves that the drug is unsafe in recent years. The rare or endangered medicinal plant species is protected, domesticated, bred and cultivated indefinitely.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a method for introducing, domesticating, cultivating and breeding wild lomatogonium carinthiacum, which can realize the change of the wild lomatogonium into the family species so as to solve the problem of the shortage of the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum resources.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
a wild lomatogonium carinthiacum introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) wild seed collection: collecting wild costaphyllum whole plant with slightly hard fruit pods in late autumn, drying in the shade indoors, taking out seeds, and storing in a cloth bag cellar;
2) accelerating germination of seeds: uniformly stirring the seeds with snow and washed fine sand in the first 12 th to the last 1 st ten days of the year, storing the seeds in an outdoor shade and cold place at a low temperature, and dumping the seeds in a cellar until sowing when the outdoor temperature is raised to be above 0 ℃;
3) land selection and preparation: selecting soil with good drainage, loose and fertile property and high humus content for planting, ploughing, finishing, raking and making bed;
4) sowing: sowing in the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, taking out seeds from the storage cellar, mixing with water and washing fine sand again, uniformly scattering the fine sand into the furrow, performing free-ranging drill sowing, and generally selecting drill sowing to cover weeds, pine needle powder or a sunshade net;
5) tending: and 3 months after sowing, removing rainy days, spraying atomized water every day, and keeping the surface of the ridge moist. Removing weeds or the sunshade net in time after the seedlings come out of the soil;
6) harvesting: when 1/3 plants grow and flowers are closed and turn purple and white, the plants are immediately collected, dried in the shade and prevented from being damaged by rats and mildewing and deteriorating.
Further, the whole plant of the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum is dried indoors in shade for 20-30 days.
Further, in the step 1, the cellaring temperature is 0-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is 40-60%.
Further, in the step 2, the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine sand washed by water is not less than 1: 100, the outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃, and the storage temperature is (-4) -4 ℃.
Further, in the step 3, the soil is black soil or silt soil of a mountain land with the pH value of 6-8, the plowing depth is 25-35 centimeters, and the furrow width is 1.2-1.4 meters.
Further, in step 4, the fine washed sand is mixed again during sowing, so that the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine washed sand is 1: 1000-.
Further, in the step 5, the spraying water amount is gradually reduced from 9 th ten days to before sealing and freezing, only basal leaves grow in the current year, the seedlings can safely overwinter without other measures, the seedlings emerge in the early spring of the next year, watering is carried out frequently, and no plant diseases and insect pests are found.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
the invention discloses a method for introducing, domesticating and cultivating medicinal plants of lomatogonium carinthiacum, which is characterized in that whole plants of the lomatogonium carinthiacum with slightly hard fruit pods are selected, specific temperature-changing germination accelerating treatment is carried out, the germination rate of seeds is obviously improved, the quantity and growth of weeds are effectively controlled by combining a specific cultivation process, the preservation rate of the plants reaches 30%, the flowering uniformity reaches 75%, the yield reaches 40 kg/mu, field breeding and planting of the lomatogonium carinthiacum are realized, the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum is changed into family species, and the market needs are met.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
A method for introducing, domesticating, cultivating and breeding wild lomatogonium carinthiacum comprises the following steps:
1) wild seed collection: collecting the whole plant of wild costaphyllum in late autumn, drying in shade for 20-30 days, taking out the seed, and storing in a cloth bag at 0-10 deg.C and 40-60% relative humidity.
The inventor tests for many times to obtain that when the fruit pods of the costal column flowers are hard, the maturity of the seeds is too high, a large amount of iron seeds (because of the excessive maturity, the water cannot permeate into the seed coats and the seeds which can not germinate are called as the iron seeds) are generated, and in addition, when the fruit pods of the costal column flowers are hard, the upper parts of the fruit pods are opened with small openings, and a large amount of seeds are lost due to wind blowing and rain washing, so that the waste of wild seeds is caused. When the fruit pods of the lomatogonium carinthiacum are slightly hard, the amount of the collected seeds is large, and after shade drying treatment, a plurality of chemical structures contained in the seeds are changed rapidly, so that the seed embryos complete development and tend to mature, and the seed germination is facilitated. The seeds are cellared to be germinated at low temperature, so that the after-ripening of the embryos is further completed, the low temperature is favorable for reducing the respiratory strength of the seeds, and the internal nutrient consumption of the seeds is reduced, thereby increasing the germination vigor of the seeds, preserving the vitality of the seeds and prolonging the service life of the seeds.
2) Accelerating germination of seeds: after-ripening of the seeds is completed from the first 12 months to the last 1 month in the year, and the outdoor temperature is reduced to below 0 ℃ at the moment, so that the method is suitable for a variable-temperature germination accelerating season. The snow water is super-soft water, does not contain minerals such as potassium, sodium and the like, has strong seepage force, and is beneficial to seed germination by soaking seeds in the snow water.
The seed of costcolumn flower is extremely small, 1 gram of seed is ten thousand, and the seed can be evenly mixed by mixing with the fine sand washed with water, so that the later period broadcast sowing is easy, and the volume ratio of the seed to the fine sand washed with water is not less than 1: 100, preferably 1: 100. the seed storage is carried out in the shade below 0 ℃, when the external temperature is raised to be above 0 ℃, the seed storage is transferred into a cellar with the temperature of-4 ℃ to 4 ℃ and is stored until the seed is taken out when the seed is sowed, the temperature-changing germination accelerating mode has low cost, safety and reliability, and is easy to break the dormancy of the costal column flower seeds, promote the germination of the iron seeds and improve the germination rate.
3) Because the medicinal materials have land characteristics, the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum must be distributed within 50 kilometers of the domesticated planting area, so that the climatic conditions of soil quality, water source (water quality), altitude, illumination, annual average temperature and the like of the domesticated planting area meet the ecological suitability division, and the fact that the quality of the cultivated lomatogonium carinthiacum is similar to that of the wild lomatogonium carinthiacum is guaranteed.
Land selection and preparation: selecting forestry land with good drainage, planting in fallow land for more than 2 years, ploughing, finely preparing, raking and making ridges. The soil is black soil or silt soil of mountain land with pH value of 6-8, plowing depth is 25-35 cm, and furrow width is 1.2-1.4 m. When the novel method is used for soil preparation, any fertilizer including inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and the like is not applied, because the inorganic fertilizer can only increase the yield of the stigmata costata and cannot improve the quality of the medicinal material of the stigmata costata, the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil, weeds in the seedling stage of the stigmata costata grow thickly (chemical weeding cannot be used), the seedlings of the stigmata costata are greatly damaged in a plurality of weeding processes, and experiments show that the 5-time weeding of the stigmata costata in the current year is almost left.
4) Sowing: the method is characterized in that seeding is carried out from the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, the daily average air temperature reaches more than 10 ℃, seeds are easy to germinate and seedlings are easy to emerge through variable-temperature germination accelerating treatment, the rainfall amount in the time period is small, the method is favorable for the fixed roots of the fries, the seeds are taken out from the storage cellar, and the water-washing fine sand is mixed again, so that the volume ratio of the seeds to the water-washing fine sand is 1: 1000-. Uniformly spreading the mixture of the seeds and the washed fine sand in the furrows, covering weeds, pine needle powder or a sunshade net, wherein the covering function is moisture preservation and sunshade, accelerating the germination of the seeds after breaking the soil, and covering the seedlings after emergence of the soil to prevent the seedlings from growing reversely, so that the seedlings cannot survive after untimely removal.
5) Tending: removing rainy days within 3 months after sowing, spraying atomized water on the day to keep the surface of the ridge wet, and removing weeds or a sunshade net in time after seedlings come out of the soil; spraying water quantity is gradually reduced from the last ten days of 9 months to before freezing, only basal leaves grow in the current year, the seedlings can safely overwinter without other measures, and the seedlings emerge in the early spring of the next year, are watered more frequently, and no plant diseases and insect pests are found.
6) Harvesting: when 1/3 plants grow and flowers are closed and turn purple and white, the plants are immediately collected, dried in the shade and prevented from being damaged by rats and mildewing and deteriorating.
Examples of effects
The wild lomatogonium introduction, domestication, cultivation and breeding method of the experimental example comprises the following steps:
1) wild seed collection: collecting whole plant of wild Rizhuqian flower from Wuchuan county of inner Mongolia in 2015 10 months, drying in shade for 20 days, taking out seed, placing in cloth bag, and storing at 0-10 deg.C and 40-60% relative humidity.
2) Accelerating germination of seeds: in 1 month and 1 day in 2016, 10000g of fine sand are washed by appropriate amount of snow and water to uniformly mix the seeds, the seeds are placed outdoors (the outdoor temperature is lower than 0 ℃) for storage, the outdoor temperature is increased to more than 0 ℃ in 3 months and 12 days in 2016, and the seeds are stored in a storage cellar at the temperature of 4 ℃ below zero to 4 ℃.
3) And (3) summarizing the domesticated breeding planting land: selecting a forest land which is good in drainage and can be used in Hale town of Wuchuan county of inner Mongolia, has an area of 667 square meters, a slope of 5-10 degrees and a pH value of 7.5, ploughing, finely preparing, raking and making a ridge, wherein the ploughing depth is 30 centimeters and the ridge width is 1.3 meters.
4) Sowing: and (4) sowing in 25 days in 5 months, taking out the seeds from the storage cellar, and mixing the seeds with the washed fine sand again to ensure that the volume ratio of the seeds to the total washed fine sand is 1: 1000, uniformly spreading the mixture into a furrow (drilling), and covering a sunshade net.
5) Tending: most of the seedlings come out of the soil 7 months and 10 days after sowing, and the sunshade net is removed. And during the period from 5 months and 25 days to the bottom of August, spraying atomized water every day, and keeping the ridge surface wet all the time. The water amount sprayed before sealing and freezing in 2016 for 9-11 months is reduced by 5-7 times per month. Only basal leaves grow in the current year, the seedlings can safely overwinter without other measures, and the seedlings emerge in the next early spring, are watered more frequently, and no plant diseases and insect pests are found.
6) Harvesting: in 2017, 20 days after 9 and 7 months, 1/3 plants are grown, flowers are collected when being closed and whitened from purple, and the plants are protected from mouse damage and mildew and deterioration when being turned frequently in the shade.
The method for introducing, domesticating, cultivating and breeding the wild lomatopsis carinthifolia of the comparative example is different from the method of the test example only in that the seed germination accelerating step is different, and specifically, the comparative example adopts the following steps: in 2016, 1/month, the cellared seeds were taken out, soaked in tap water for 24 hours, and then stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ until 2017, 5/25/month.
The germination rate, storage rate, growth, yield, etc. of the intercostal flower plants of the test example and the control example were recorded in detail, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Group of Germination rate Plant preservation Rate Uniformity of flowering Yield of the product
Test examples 65% 30% 75% 40 kg/mu
Comparative example 8% 24% 63% 4.1 kg/mu
The results show that: compared with the comparative example, the method adopted by the embodiment of the invention obviously and greatly improves the germination rate and yield of seeds, improves the preservation rate of plants and the flowering uniformity, can realize the change of the wild species of the costaria pedunculata resource into the family species, and effectively solves the problem of insufficient drug use of the existing wild costaria pedunculata.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims (1)

1. A wild lomatogonium carinthiacum introduction domestication and cultivation breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) wild seed collection: collecting wild ribbonfil whole plant with slightly hard fruit pods in late autumn, drying the wild ribbonfil whole plant indoors in shade for 20-30 days, taking out seeds, and storing in a cloth bag cellar; the cellaring temperature is 0-10 ℃, and the relative humidity is 40-60%;
2) accelerating germination of seeds: uniformly stirring the seeds with snow and washed fine sand in the first 12 th to the last 1 st ten days of the year, storing the seeds in an outdoor shade and cold place at a low temperature, and dumping the seeds in a cellar until sowing when the outdoor temperature is raised to be above 0 ℃; the volume ratio of the seeds to the washed fine sand is not less than 1: 100, outdoor temperature is below 0 ℃, and storage temperature is (-4) -4 ℃;
3) land selection and preparation: selecting soil with good drainage, loose and fertile property and high humus content for planting, ploughing, finishing, raking and making bed; the soil is mountain black soil or silt soil with the pH value of 6-8, the plowing depth is 25-35 centimeters, and the furrow width is 1.2-1.4 meters;
4) sowing: sowing in the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, taking out seeds from the storage cellar, mixing with water and washing fine sand again, uniformly scattering the fine sand into the furrows, and covering weeds, pine needle powder or a sunshade net; and (3) mixing the washed fine sand again during sowing to ensure that the volume ratio of the seeds to the washed fine sand is 1: 1000-;
5) tending: removing rainy days within 3 months after sowing, spraying atomized water on the day to keep the surface of the ridge wet, and removing weeds or a sunshade net in time after seedlings come out of the soil; spraying water quantity is gradually reduced from the last ten days of 9 months to before freezing, only basal leaves grow in the current year, the seedlings can safely overwinter without other measures, and the seedlings emerge in the early spring of the next year, are watered more frequently and frequently, and no plant diseases and insect pests are found;
6) harvesting: when 1/3 plants grow and flowers are closed and turn purple and white, the plants are immediately collected, dried in the shade and prevented from being damaged by rats and mildewing and deteriorating.
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CN113577131A (en) * 2021-06-29 2021-11-02 内蒙古民族大学 Application of Mongolian medicine extract of lomatogonium carinthiacum
CN113711858A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-30 锡林郭勒职业学院 Wild tending method for costaria flowers
CN113748930B (en) * 2021-10-15 2022-10-04 内蒙古民族大学 Domestication cultivation method of wild artemisia stelleriana
CN114097543A (en) * 2021-11-26 2022-03-01 锡林郭勒盟蒙医医院(锡林郭勒盟蒙医研究所、锡林浩特市人民医院) Introduction and domestication cultivation method and application of gentianella acuta

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