CN107896979B - The selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape - Google Patents
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN107896979B CN107896979B CN201711135751.4A CN201711135751A CN107896979B CN 107896979 B CN107896979 B CN 107896979B CN 201711135751 A CN201711135751 A CN 201711135751A CN 107896979 B CN107896979 B CN 107896979B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of selections of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, it include: to select elite plant 1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain monoseeding at the florescence in next year, only harvest the tied silique threshing of artificial pollination by single plant after mature, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；2) in 1 generation, divided single plant autumn sowing by after, was repeated 2 times simultaneously, 3 generations after obtaining；3) in 3 generations, divided single plant autumn sowing by after, at the florescence in next year and before blooming, select the compact plant of plant type, the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for is set up the plant handled well by plant, medium is avoided to pollinate, and harvested seed after mature, 4 generations after obtaining；4) in rear 4 generation, is divided into two parts, portion is reserved seed for planting, and portion repeats step 3) and carries out isolation implant, is eliminated the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, is obtained the Chinese cabbage type winter rape for stablizing excellent plant type.The present invention has the advantages that method is simple, it is convenient to carry out, data statistics is simple and is easy to breeding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop breeding fields, are related to a kind of plant type selection more particularly to a kind of winter habit Chinese cabbage type
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter rape.
Background technique
Chinese cabbage type winter rape is the type that cultivation history is most long in China's rape, maximum advantage be precocious, cold-resistant with
And drought resisting.But the problems such as due to yield and disease resistance, after the fifties in last century gradually replaced cabbage type rape.Meanwhile
As China's winter rape is moved northward and the northern new producing region of winter rape gradually forms, Chinese cabbage type winter rape becomes the important oil of northern area
Expect crop and ecological crop, while being also the pioneer crop for promoting northern cropping system reform.Therefore, turnip type rape is in China
Agricultural production is of great significance.Including North of North China, Xinjiang, Middle Gansu Province, Hexi Corridor, northeast part of Gansu province, North of Northern Shaanxi
The northern winter rape area of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities such as hair Usu south margin of Tengger Desert, Ningxia Plain, Shanxi Jinzhong, Hebei, Beijing, is a new winter
Rape producing region, winter climate severe cold and it is very long, Annual lowest climate temperature be subzero 22.7 Dao subzero 45.0 DEG C, Wintering Period was up to 150 days
Left and right, arid (annual rainfall 100-400mm) and evaporation capacity are big (annual mean ground temperature 1657.1-2148.8mm), and winter rape is got over
Winter is difficult, and kind winter resistance is the biggest obstacle of regional development winter rape production always, and therefore, breeding has excellent winter resistance
Strong winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape variety be the key problem in technology for promoting northern winter rape production development.
The selection of plant type is suitable for the improvement to quantity inhereditary feature on crop breeding, such as improve Yield and its components because
Element, improves disease and insect resistance and to tolerance of poor environment etc. at improving quality, in rice restorer, corn, rape, wheat, lucerne
Good result is obtained in the improvement of the crops such as Mu, sweet potato.It selects to be bred as high yield, kind disease-resistant, adaptability is good using plant type,
Can improved agronomic traits, the yield traits of plant can be made to obtain synchronous improvement with resistance.Plant type choosing principles are mainly logical
It crosses selection add up the excellent genes being scattered in multiple genotype, put together, increases the beneficial gene in group, to go out
The more excellent new material of existing character, improve plant objective trait, be a kind of periodic population improvement method, by repeatedly
Identification, selection and regrouping process, are stepped up intragroup excellent or synergy gene frequency, bad or leaky gene frequency
It constantly reduces, is conducive to improve the frequency of beneficial gene in group, breaks intergenic chain, the machine of increase beneficial gene recombination
Meeting, to achieve the purpose that improve the mean apparent of objective trait in group.It is suitable for the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity,
It such as improves Yield and its components factor, improve seed and plant quality, raising disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance.And
And while group constantly improves, higher species genetic diversity is kept, new germplasm can also be inputted, improves denizen
The adaptability of confrontation environment, it is latent with the genetic diversity and the long-term heredity for keeping improveing Main Agronomic Characters that increase group
Power.
However, how to carry out breeding to the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, always agricultural sciences person for a long time
Institute's issues that need special attention.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems in background technology, the present invention provides a kind of methods simply, implementation side
Just, data statistics is simple and is easy to the breeding of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape of breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape
Method.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, it is characterised in that: the winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter oil
The selection of the excellent plant type of dish the following steps are included:
1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, in conjunction with breeding mesh
Mark character, select elite plant at the florescence in next year, the selection mode of the elite plant is: excision has opened little Hua, retains bud,
Glassine paper hybridization bag is covered by single plant, after bagging 3 days, open little Hua number selects plant type approximate and covered hybridization in 20-30 in bagging
Mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant is covered glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark by the elite plant of bag again；To 3 days
Afterwards, the flower that newly opens to period is combined according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, is used
Tweezers extract non-open bud and stem apex, cover glassine paper hybridization bag；It is long to when being not less than 2.5cm when silique after 10 days, remove glass
Glass paper hybridizes bagging；The tied silique threshing of artificial pollination is only harvested after maturation by single plant, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；It is described
The plant height of elite plant is not less than 140cm, and the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, branch 5-6
A/time；The specific requirement of the species test is that every plant of mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than 28, and Pod length is greater than 6cm, main
Inflorescence length is 45-50cm；
2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeating step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；
3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, and it is tight to select plant type by 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming
It gathers, branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then by the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant
The plant handled well is set up, medium is avoided to pollinate, removes gauze bag after the florescence, harvests seed after mature, obtain
4 generation afterwards；
4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, and portion, which repeats step 3), is isolated
Plantation at the florescence in next year, eliminates the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, and selection criteria is that plant height is greater than 140cm, the height at branch position
It is 15-20cm, branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and harvests seed after harvest time species test, 5 generations after obtaining；The species test it is specific
It is required that being primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than 28, and Pod length is greater than 6cm, and main inflorescence is long
Degree is 45-50cm, and main inflorescence silique number is 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were to stablize elite plant after described
The Chinese cabbage type winter rape of type.
The invention has the advantages that
The present invention provides a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, this method is a kind of periodicity
Population improvement method, by identification, selection and regrouping process repeatedly, make intragroup excellent or synergy gene frequency by
Step increases, and bad or leaky gene frequency constantly reduces, be conducive to improve the frequency of beneficial gene in group, break it is intergenic
It is chain, increase the chance of beneficial gene recombination, to achieve the purpose that improve the mean apparent of objective trait in group.The present invention is suitable
Together in the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity, Yield and its components factor is such as improved, improves seed and plant quality, improve
Disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance etc..And while Recurrent population is constantly improved, higher species heredity is kept
Diversity, can also input new germplasm, improvement Exotic Germplasm to the adaptability of environment, with increase group genetic diversity and
The genetic potential improved to Main Agronomic Characters is kept for a long time.The present invention is using the mostly selection unexpected mass incident winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter in generation
Rape, method is simple, and it is convenient to carry out, and data statistics is simple, is easy to breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape.In point of crop breeding
Peel off in body, the frequency of beneficial gene or genotype is higher, therefrom select defect individual probability it is bigger.Be conducive to winter resistance material
The screening of material, identification.The northern area of China winter temperature is low, the overwintering difficulty of turnip type rape, selects for plant type to Chinese cabbage type
The influence of winter rape winter resistance and effect are compared, and provide foundation for northern winter rape winter resistance improvement.
Specific embodiment
The operation principle of the present invention is that:
Male sterility is prevalent in plant kingdom, and Chinese cabbage type winter rape is heterogeneous allometrosis, and more other crops that make a variation are rich
It is rich.A possibility that by largely screening in natural population, being found male sterility；The male sterile material that will be seen that is in difference
Temperature environment conditions under identification, screening, stable temperature sensitive type male sterile two-purpose line is filtered out in progeny material.The present invention
It can make it possible that northern Chinese cabbage type winter rape improves northern Chinese cabbage type winter rape yield using two line method hybrid seeding.This hair
It is bright to belong to winter rape cold-tolerance breeding field, it is anti-for northern winter rape using mostly for the good plant type excellent variety of selection method breeding
Cold screening and identification provide reliable method, can be used for the identification of winter rape cold-resistant material, breeding and cold-resistant mechanism study etc..
The excellent plant type selection method of Chinese cabbage type winter rape selects winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape, and the invention discloses a kind of winter habit Chinese cabbage types
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter rape.The present invention is using mostly generation selection unexpected mass incident winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape, method letter
Easily, it is convenient to carry out, and data statistics is simple, is easy to breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape.In the segregating population of crop breeding, have
Niche because or genotype frequency it is higher, therefrom select defect individual probability it is bigger.Be conducive to the screening of winter resistance material, reflect
It is fixed.The northern area of China winter temperature is low, the overwintering difficulty of turnip type rape, selects for plant type to Chinese cabbage type winter rape winter resistance
Influence and effect be compared, provide foundation for northern winter rape winter resistance improvement.
Based on principle as above, the present invention provides a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, the winters
The selection of the property excellent plant type of Chinese cabbage type winter rape the following steps are included:
1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, in conjunction with breeding mesh
Mark character, select elite plant at the florescence in next year, the selection mode of elite plant is: excision has opened little Hua, retains bud, by single
Strain set glassine paper hybridization bag, after bagging 3 days, open little Hua number selects plant type approximate and has covered hybridization bag in 20-30 in bagging
Mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant is covered glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark by elite plant again；After 3 days,
The flower that newly opens to period is combined according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, uses tweezers
Non- open bud and stem apex are extractd, glassine paper hybridization bag is covered；It is long to when being not less than 2.5cm when silique after 10 days, remove glassine paper
Hybridize bagging；The tied silique threshing of artificial pollination is only harvested after maturation by single plant, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；Elite plant
Plant height be not less than 140cm, the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, branch 5-6/times；Species test
Specific requirement be every plant of mass of 1000 kernel be greater than 3g, seed number per pod be greater than 28, Pod length be greater than 6cm, main inflorescence length is 45-
50cm；
2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeating step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；
3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, and it is tight to select plant type by 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming
It gathers, branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then by the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant
The plant handled well is set up, medium is avoided to pollinate, removes gauze bag after the florescence, harvests seed after mature, obtain
4 generation afterwards；
4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, and portion, which repeats step 3), is isolated
Plantation at the florescence in next year, eliminates the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, and selection criteria is that plant height is greater than 140cm, the height at branch position
It is 15-20cm, branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and harvests seed after harvest time species test, 5 generations after obtaining；The specific requirement of species test
It is primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than 28, and Pod length is greater than 6cm, and main inflorescence length is
45-50cm, main inflorescence silique number are 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were the Chinese cabbage for stablizing excellent plant type afterwards
Type winter rape.
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: Lanzhou Qin Wangchuan test
The breeding of 1:15QX297 of embodiment of the present invention net
1) Qiang Kanghan Chinese cabbage type winter rape QX297 strain is planted in mid-August, 2011, next in conjunction with Breeding objective
Year florescence roguing is tall and big in 140cm, and the height at branch position is between 15-20cm, and branch angle is between 20 ° -30 °, once
Branch 5-6, simultaneously listing mark that the plant selected mutually is pollinated, and in harvest time species test, every plant of mass of 1000 kernel 3.1g, seed number per pod
30 big, Pod length 6.5cm, main inflorescence length is between 48cm, single plant threshing, 1 generation after obtaining；
2) divide the seed that rear 1 generation obtains to single plant autumn sowing, repeat step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining,
3) will after 3 generations divide single plant autumn sowing, florescence in next year, 2-3d before the flowers are opening selects that plant type is compact, and branch angle exists
Plant between 20 ° -30 ° removes the flower opened, and then the plant handled well is covered to the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for
Come, 8 plants of gauze bags, avoid the other medias such as wind and insect from pollinating, remove gauze bag in harvest time, and harvest seed,
4 generations after obtaining；
4) in rear 4 generation, being divided into two parts, portion is reserved, and portion repeats step 3), by seed isolation implant, 5 generations after obtaining；
5) florescence in next year, rear 5 generation all plant plant types are compact, i.e., plant height be greater than 140cm, branch position 15-20cm it
Between, for branch angle between 20 ° -30 °, and at harvest time species test primary branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than
28, Pod length is greater than 6cm, and main inflorescence length is between 45-50cm, and main inflorescence silique number is greater than 50-60, single plant silique
Number is greater than 200-400, and harvests seed, 6 generations after obtaining；Obtain stablizing the Chinese cabbage type winter rape 15QX297 of excellent plant type.
The present invention is that a kind of periodic population improvement method by identification, selection and regrouping process repeatedly makes group
Intracorporal excellent or synergy gene frequency is stepped up, and bad or leaky gene frequency is constantly reduced, and is conducive to improve in group
The frequency of beneficial gene breaks intergenic chain, the chance of increase beneficial gene recombination, to reach Objective in improvement group
The purpose of the mean apparent of shape.The present invention is suitable for the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity, such as improves Yield and its components
Factor improves seed and plant quality, improves disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance etc..And constantly change in Recurrent population
While good, higher species genetic diversity is kept, new germplasm can also be inputted, improves adaptation of the Exotic Germplasm to environment
Property, to increase the genetic diversity of group and keep the genetic potential improved to Main Agronomic Characters for a long time.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, it is characterised in that: the winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape
The selection of excellent plant type the following steps are included:
1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, in conjunction with breeding objective
Shape selects elite plant at the florescence in next year, and the selection mode of the elite plant is: excision has opened little Hua, retains bud, by single
Strain set glassine paper hybridization bag, after bagging 3 days, open little Hua number selects plant type approximate and has covered hybridization bag in 20-30 in bagging
Mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant is covered glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark by elite plant again；After 3 days,
The flower that newly opens to period is combined according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, uses tweezers
Non- open bud and stem apex are extractd, glassine paper hybridization bag is covered；It is long to when being not less than 2.5cm when silique after 10 days, remove glassine paper
Hybridize bagging；The tied silique threshing of artificial pollination is only harvested after maturation by single plant, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；It is described excellent
The plant height of plant is not less than 140cm, and the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and branch 5-6/times；
The specific requirement of the species test is that every plant of mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than 28, and Pod length is greater than 6cm, and main inflorescence is long
Degree is 45-50cm；
2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeating step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；
3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming, and it is compact to select plant type,
Branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then will locate the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant
The plant managed sets up, and medium is avoided to pollinate, and removes gauze bag after the florescence, harvests seed after mature, 4 after obtaining
Generation；
4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, and portion repeats step 3) and carries out transad
It plants, the florescence in next year, eliminates the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, selection criteria is that plant height is greater than 140cm, and the height at branch position is
15-20cm, branch angle are 20 ° -30 °, and harvest seed after harvest time species test, obtain rear 5 generations；The species test is specifically wanted
Seeking Truth primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is greater than 3g, and seed number per pod is greater than 28, and Pod length is greater than 6cm, main inflorescence length
It is 45-50cm, main inflorescence silique number is 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were to stablize excellent plant type after described
Chinese cabbage type winter rape.
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| CN108812110B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2020-08-04 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for identifying temperature sensing characteristics of brassica napus by using relative plant height of plants |
| CN115281074B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-04-18 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of cabbage type rape |
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| JP2015073510A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | Brassicaceae plant modified from seed-stage vernalization characteristic to green-stage vernalization characteristic, and production method thereof |
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| EP2706836A4 (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2014-12-03 | Basf Plant Science Co Gmbh | Plants having enhanced yield-related traits and method for making the same |
| CN104982324B (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2019-10-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of the high pakchoi type winter rape variety of superpower cold-resistant high yield |
| CN105145337B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-06-06 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | A kind of breeding method of rape quality germplasm |
| CN105794479B (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2019-01-18 | 甘肃农业大学 | A method of it is strong and weak using plant height identification Chinese cabbage type winter rape winter habit |
| CN106248739B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2020-03-31 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for identifying and evaluating cold resistance of winter rape |
| CN106613912A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 甘肃农业大学 | Breeding method of brassica napus winter rape variety with high cold resistance, high yield and good quality |
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| JP2015073510A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | Brassicaceae plant modified from seed-stage vernalization characteristic to green-stage vernalization characteristic, and production method thereof |
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