CN107896979A - The selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape - Google Patents
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN107896979A CN107896979A CN201711135751.4A CN201711135751A CN107896979A CN 107896979 A CN107896979 A CN 107896979A CN 201711135751 A CN201711135751 A CN 201711135751A CN 107896979 A CN107896979 A CN 107896979A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, including：1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain monoseeding, elite plant is selected at the florescence in next year, only harvesting artificial pollination by single plant after ripe ties silique threshing, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；2) in 1 generation, divided single plant autumn sowing by after, was repeated 2 times at the same time, 3 generations after obtaining；3) will after 3 generations divide single plant autumn sowing, at the florescence in next year and before blooming, select the compact plant of plant type, the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for set up the plant handled well by plant, avoid medium from pollinating, seed is harvested after ripe, 4 generations after obtaining；4) in rear 4 generation, is divided into two parts, portion is reserved seed for planting, a repeat step 3) isolation implant is carried out, the single plant for not meeting selection criteria is eliminated, obtains stablizing the Chinese cabbage type winter rape of excellent plant type.The present invention has the advantages that method is simple, it is convenient to carry out, data statistics is simple and is easy to selection and breeding.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop breeding field, is related to a kind of plant type selection, more particularly to a kind of winter habit Chinese cabbage type
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter rape.
Background technology
Chinese cabbage type winter rape is the species that cultivation history is most long in China's rape, maximum advantage be precocious, cold-resistant with
And drought resisting.But the problems such as due to yield and disease resistance, the fifties in last century is gradually substituted by cabbage type rape later.Meanwhile
As China's winter rape is moved northward and the northern new producing region of winter rape gradually forms, Chinese cabbage type winter rape becomes the important oil of northern area
Expect crop and ecological crop, while be also the pioneer crop for promoting northern cropping system reform.Therefore, turnip type rape is in China
Agricultural production is of great significance.Including North of North China, Xinjiang, Middle Gansu Province, Hexi Corridor, northeast part of Gansu province, North of Northern Shaanxi
The northern winter rape area of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities such as hair Usu south margin of Tengger Desert, Ningxia Plain, Shanxi Jinzhong, Hebei, Beijing, is a new winter
Rape producing region, winter climate severe cold and it is very long, Annual lowest climate temperature be subzero 22.7 Dao subzero 45.0 DEG C, Wintering Period was up to 150 days
Left and right, arid (annual rainfall 100-400mm) and evaporation capacity are big (annual mean ground temperature 1657.1-2148.8mm), and winter rape is got over
Winter is difficult, and kind winter resistance is the biggest obstacle of regional development winter rape production all the time, and therefore, selection and breeding have excellent winter resistance
Strong winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape variety be the key problem in technology for promoting northern winter rape production development.
The selection of plant type is suitable for the improvement to quantity inhereditary feature on crop breeding, such as improve Yield and its components because
Element, improving quality, improve disease and insect resistance and the tolerance to poor environment etc., in rice restorer, corn, rape, wheat, lucerne
Good result is obtained in the improvement of the crops such as Mu, sweet potato.Select to be bred as high yield, kind disease-resistant, adaptability is good using plant type,
Can improved agronomic traits, the yield traits of plant and resistance can be made to obtain synchronous improvement.Plant type choosing principles are mainly logical
Cross selection add up the excellent genes being scattered in multiple genotype, put together, increase the beneficial gene in colony, to go out
The more excellent new material of existing character, improves plant objective trait, be a kind of periodically population improvement method, by repeatedly
Identification, selection and regrouping process, are stepped up intragroup excellent or synergy gene frequency, bad or leaky gene frequency
Constantly reduce, be conducive to improve the frequency of beneficial gene in colony, break intergenic chain, the machine of increase beneficial gene restructuring
Meeting, to achieve the purpose that to improve the mean apparent of objective trait in colony.It is suitable for the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity,
Such as improve Yield and its components factor, improvement seed and plant quality, improve disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance.And
And while colony constantly improves, higher species genetic diversity is kept, new germplasm can also be inputted, improves denizen
The adaptability of confrontation environment, is dived with increasing the heredity of the genetic diversity of colony and long-term holding to Main Agronomic Characters improvement
Power.
However, how to carry out selection and breeding to the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, always agricultural sciences person for a long time
Institute's issues that need special attention.
The content of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned technical problem present in background technology, the present invention provides a kind of method is simple, implementation side
Just, data statistics is simple and is easy to the selection and breeding of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape of selection and breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape
Method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, it is characterised in that：The winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter oil
The selection of the excellent plant type of dish comprises the following steps：
1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, with reference to breeding mesh
Character is marked, elite plant is selected at the florescence in next year, the selection mode of the elite plant is：Extract and open little Hua, retain bud,
Glassine paper hybridization bag is covered by single plant, bagging is after 3 days, and open little Hua numbers are selected plant type approximate and covered hybridization in 20-30 in bagging
The elite plant of bag, by mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant, covers glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark again；Treat 3 days
Afterwards, the flower that is newly opened to period, combine according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, uses
Tweezers extract non-open bud and stem apex, cover glassine paper hybridization bag；After 10 days when silique is grown to not less than 2.5cm, glass is removed
Glass paper hybridizes bagging；Artificial pollination is only harvested by single plant tie silique threshing after maturation, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；It is described
The plant height of elite plant is not less than 140cm, and the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, branch 5-6
A/time；The specific requirement of the species test is that every plant of mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, main
Inflorescence length is 45-50cm；
2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeat step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；
3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, and 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming, it is tight to select plant type
Gather, branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then by the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant
The plant handled well is set up, avoids medium from pollinating, removes gauze bag after the florescence, harvests seed after ripe, obtain
4 generation afterwards；
4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, a repeat step 3) isolated
Plantation, at the florescence in next year, eliminates the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, selection criteria is more than 140cm, the height at branch position for plant height
It is 15-20cm, branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and harvests seed after harvest time species test, 5 generations after obtaining；The species test it is specific
It is required that being primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, main inflorescence length
Degree is 45-50cm, and main inflorescence silique number is 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were to stablize elite plant after described
The Chinese cabbage type winter rape of type.
It is an advantage of the invention that：
The present invention provides a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, this method is a kind of periodicity
Population improvement method, by identification repeatedly, selection and regrouping process, make intragroup excellent or synergy gene frequency by
Step increase, bad or leaky gene frequency constantly reduces, be conducive to improve the frequency of beneficial gene in colony, break it is intergenic
It is chain, the chance of increase beneficial gene restructuring, to achieve the purpose that to improve the mean apparent of objective trait in colony.The present invention is suitable
Together in the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity, Yield and its components factor is such as improved, improves seed and plant quality, improve
Disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance etc..And while Recurrent population is constantly improved, keep higher species heredity
Diversity, can also input new germplasm, improvement Exotic Germplasm to the adaptability of environment, with increase the genetic diversity of colony and
The long-term genetic potential kept to Main Agronomic Characters improvement.The present invention selects the unexpected mass incident winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter using generation more
Rape, method is simple, and it is convenient to carry out, and data statistics is simple, is easy to selection and breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape.In point of crop breeding
Peel off in body, the frequency of beneficial gene or genotype is higher, therefrom select defect individual probability it is bigger.Be conducive to winter resistance material
The screening of material, identification.The northern area of China winter temperature is low, the overwintering difficulty of turnip type rape, is selected for plant type to Chinese cabbage type
The influence of winter rape winter resistance and effect are compared, and foundation is provided for northern winter rape winter resistance improvement.
Embodiment
The present invention operation principle be：
Male sterility is prevalent in plant kingdom, and Chinese cabbage type winter rape is heterogeneous allometrosis, and more other crops that make a variation are rich
It is rich.By largely being screened in natural population, male sterile possibility is found；The male sterile material that will be seen that is in difference
Temperature environment conditions under identification, screening, stable temperature sensitive type male sterile two-purpose line is filtered out in progeny material.The present invention
It can make it possible that northern Chinese cabbage type winter rape improves northern Chinese cabbage type winter rape yield using two line method hybrid seeding.This hair
It is bright to belong to winter rape cold-tolerance breeding field, using more for the good plant type improved seeds of system of selection selection and breeding, resist for northern winter rape
Cold screening and identification provide reliable method, available for the identification of winter rape cold-resistant material, selection and breeding, and cold-resistant mechanism study etc..
The excellent plant type system of selection selection winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape of Chinese cabbage type winter rape, the invention discloses a kind of winter habit Chinese cabbage type
The selection of the excellent plant type of winter rape.The present invention selects unexpected mass incident winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape, method letter using generation more
Easily, it is convenient to carry out, and data statistics is simple, is easy to selection and breeding winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape.In the segregating population of crop breeding, have
Niche because or genotype frequency it is higher, therefrom select defect individual probability it is bigger.Be conducive to the screening of winter resistance material, reflect
It is fixed.The northern area of China winter temperature is low, the overwintering difficulty of turnip type rape, is selected for plant type to Chinese cabbage type winter rape winter resistance
Influence and effect be compared, provide foundation for northern winter rape winter resistance improvement.
Based on as above principle, the present invention provides a kind of selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, the winter
The selection of the property excellent plant type of Chinese cabbage type winter rape comprises the following steps：
1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, with reference to breeding mesh
Character is marked, elite plant is selected at the florescence in next year, the selection mode of elite plant is：Extract and open little Hua, retain bud, by list
Strain set glassine paper hybridization bag, bagging is after 3 days, and open little Hua numbers are selected plant type approximate and covered hybridization bag in 20-30 in bagging
Elite plant, by mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant, covers glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark again；After 3 days,
The flower that is newly opened to period, combine according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, uses tweezers
Non- open bud and stem apex are extractd, covers glassine paper hybridization bag；After 10 days when silique is grown to not less than 2.5cm, glassine paper is removed
Hybridize bagging；Artificial pollination is only harvested by single plant tie silique threshing after maturation, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；Elite plant
Plant height be not less than 140cm, the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, branch 5-6/times；Species test
Specific requirement be that every plant of mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, and main inflorescence length is 45-
50cm；
2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeat step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；
3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, and 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming, it is tight to select plant type
Gather, branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then by the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant
The plant handled well is set up, avoids medium from pollinating, removes gauze bag after the florescence, harvests seed after ripe, obtain
4 generation afterwards；
4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, a repeat step 3) isolated
Plantation, at the florescence in next year, eliminates the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, selection criteria is more than 140cm, the height at branch position for plant height
It is 15-20cm, branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and harvests seed after harvest time species test, 5 generations after obtaining；The specific requirement of species test
It is primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, and main inflorescence length is
45-50cm, main inflorescence silique number are 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were the Chinese cabbage for stablizing excellent plant type afterwards
Type winter rape.
The principles and features of the present invention are described below, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit
Determine the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：Lanzhou Qin Wangchuan is tested
The embodiment of the present invention 1：The selection and breeding of 15QX297 nets
1) strong cold-resistant Chinese cabbage type winter rape QX297 strains are planted in mid-August, 2011, next with reference to Breeding objective
Year florescence roguing is tall and big in 140cm, and the height at branch position is between 15-20cm, and branch angle is between 20 ° -30 °, once
Branch 5-6, the plant selected mutually is pollinated and listing mark, and in harvest time species test, every plant of mass of 1000 kernel 3.1g, seed number per pod
30 big, Pod length 6.5cm, main inflorescence length is between 48cm, single plant threshing, 1 generation after obtaining；
2) seed that rear 1 generation obtains is divided to single plant autumn sowing, repeat step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining,
3) will after 3 generations divide single plant autumn sowing, florescence in next year, 2-3d before the flowers are opening selects that plant type is compact, and branch angle exists
Plant between 20 ° -30 °, removes open flower, then the plant handled well is covered to the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for
Come, 8 plants of gauze bags, avoid the other medias such as wind and insect from pollinating, remove gauze bag in harvest time, and harvest seed,
4 generations after obtaining；
4) in rear 4 generation, is divided into two parts, portion is reserved, a repeat step 3), by seed isolation implant, 5 generations after obtaining；
5) florescence in next year, rear 5 generation all plant plant types are compact, i.e. plant height is more than 140cm, branch position 15-20cm it
Between, branch angle is between 20 ° -30 °, and at harvest time species test primary branch 5-6, and mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than
28, Pod length is more than 6cm, and main inflorescence length is between 45-50cm, and main inflorescence silique number is more than 50-60, single plant silique
Number is more than 200-400, and harvests seed, 6 generations after obtaining；Obtain stablizing the Chinese cabbage type winter rape 15QX297 of excellent plant type.
The present invention is a kind of periodically population improvement method, by identification repeatedly, selection and regrouping process, makes group
Internal excellent or synergy gene frequency is stepped up, and bad or leaky gene frequency is constantly reduced, and is conducive to improve in colony
The frequency of beneficial gene, break intergenic chain, the chance of increase beneficial gene restructuring, to reach Objective in improvement colony
The purpose of the mean apparent of shape.The present invention is suitable for the improvement of the character to species quantity heredity, such as improves Yield and its components
Factor, improve seed and plant quality, improve disease and insect resistance and poor environment tolerance etc..And constantly change in Recurrent population
While good, higher species genetic diversity is kept, new germplasm, adaptation of the improvement Exotic Germplasm to environment can also be inputted
Property, to increase the genetic diversity of colony and the long-term genetic potential kept to Main Agronomic Characters improvement.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. selection of the excellent plant type of winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape, it is characterised in that：The winter habit Chinese cabbage type winter rape The selection of excellent plant type comprises the following steps：1) by strong winter resistance Chinese cabbage type winter rape strain in the ecotope that cools in monoseeding mid-August, with reference to breeding objective Shape, elite plant is selected at the florescence in next year, and the selection mode of the elite plant is：Extract and open little Hua, retain bud, by list Strain set glassine paper hybridization bag, bagging is after 3 days, and open little Hua numbers are selected plant type approximate and covered hybridization bag in 20-30 in bagging Elite plant, by mutually pollination in pairs between elite plant, covers glassine paper hybridization bag, and listing mark again；After 3 days, The flower that is newly opened to period, combine according to the pollination single plant of listing mark, then pollinate in pairs between a single plant, uses tweezers Non- open bud and stem apex are extractd, covers glassine paper hybridization bag；After 10 days when silique is grown to not less than 2.5cm, glassine paper is removed Hybridize bagging；Artificial pollination is only harvested by single plant tie silique threshing after maturation, 1 generation after obtaining, species test before threshing；It is described excellent The plant height of plant is not less than 140cm, and the height at branch position is 15-20cm, and branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, branch 5-6/times； The specific requirement of the species test is that every plant of mass of 1000 kernel is more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, main inflorescence length Degree is 45-50cm；2) in rear 1 generation that step 1) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, while repeat step 1) 2 times, 3 generations after obtaining；3) in rear 3 generation that step 2) is prepared, divides single plant autumn sowing, 2-3d at the florescence in next year and before blooming, and it is compact to select plant type, Branch angle is 20 ° -30 ° of plant, and elected single plant, which is removed, has bloomed piece, then will locate the gauze bag being made ready beforehand for by plant The plant managed sets up, and avoids medium from pollinating, and removes gauze bag after the florescence, seed is harvested after ripe, 4 after obtaining Generation；4) in rear 4 generation that step 3) is prepared, is divided into two parts, and portion is reserved seed for planting, a repeat step 3) carry out transad Plant, the florescence in next year, eliminate the single plant for not meeting selection criteria, selection criteria is more than 140cm for plant height, and the height at branch position is 15-20cm, branch angle is 20 ° -30 °, and harvests seed after harvest time species test, 5 generations after obtaining；The species test specifically will Seeking Truth primary branch branch 5-6, mass of 1000 kernel are more than 3g, and seed number per pod is more than 28, and Pod length is more than 6cm, main inflorescence length It is 45-50cm, main inflorescence silique number is 50-60, and single plant silique number is 200-400；5 generations were to stablize excellent plant type after described Chinese cabbage type winter rape.
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| CN115281074A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-11-04 | 贵州省油菜研究所 | Breeding method of cabbage type rape |
| CN116762691A (en) * | 2023-08-11 | 2023-09-19 | 甘肃农业大学 | Breeding method of strong winter cabbage type winter rape self-compatible line |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN107896979B (en) | 2019-11-22 |
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