CN115281074A - Breeding method of cabbage type rape - Google Patents
Breeding method of cabbage type rape Download PDFInfo
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- CN115281074A CN115281074A CN202210773259.4A CN202210773259A CN115281074A CN 115281074 A CN115281074 A CN 115281074A CN 202210773259 A CN202210773259 A CN 202210773259A CN 115281074 A CN115281074 A CN 115281074A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/12—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield
- A01H1/122—Processes for modifying agronomic input traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding cabbage type rape, belonging to the field of rape seed selection. The invention provides a concept of branch height index, and finds that the branch height index is negatively correlated with glucosinolate content, effective branch number, main inflorescence length, single plant effective angle, grain number per angle, thousand grain weight and single plant yield, and when the branch height index is less than or equal to 35 percent, the cabbage type rape has high yield, high oil yield and good lodging resistance. The invention can select and breed the cabbage type rape excellent variety by using the branch height index, increases the yield and lodging resistance of the rape and is beneficial to mechanical harvest.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rape seed selection, and particularly relates to a cabbage type rape seed selection method.
Background
Rape, brassicaceae, brassica plants, has dark green stem, and yellow flower, and has green upper part similar to Chinese cabbage, and belongs to Brassicaceae Chinese cabbage variety. Agronomically, the oil-bearing species of a plant are collectively called rape. The main types of rape cultivation at present are: brassica rapa (Brassica rapa) l.), brassica juncea (Brassica juncea l.), brassica napus (Brassica napus l.).
The cabbage type rape is a compound seed which is formed by double-doubling evolution of brassica campestris (aa, n = 10) and brassica oleracea (cc, n = 9) after natural interspecific hybridization, has high seed yield, is one of important oil crops in China, and has important values in the aspects of feed, green manure, vegetables, energy, tourism, honey source and the like. The quality traits of the brassica napus are determined by the common influence and interaction of a plurality of agronomic traits, and a series of researches on the relationship between the quality traits and the agronomic traits of the brassica napus are carried out by a plurality of scholars at home and abroad. As most studies suggest, seed oil content is positively correlated with the growth period (wang convienist, 1982, oisson, 1963); the correlation between oil content and yield in seeds was not significant (Weeker, 1982: populus, 1982, OIsson,1960; the conclusion on the correlation between oil content and thousand kernel weight is inconsistent (Weeker, 1982; yang is a well-known, 1982, schweiger, 1973. For another example, in order to select lodging-resistant varieties, breeders mostly begin with the study of materials with short stalks, large stalk lodging-resistant force and high stalk cellulose content, the higher the plant height, the more the number of layers of stalk cortex, the larger the cortex thickness, the larger the gap between adjacent vascular bundles, and the more the number of vascular bundles, but the short stalk material is more neatly and tightly arranged than the cells of the high stalk material, and the cells are relatively smaller and are less prone to lodging. However, the breeding cycle of the cabbage type rape is long, the characters to be examined are more, the operation is complicated, and meanwhile, the lodging phenomenon of the lodging-resistant material in production is found in the breeding practice, and when the lodging occurs, the lodging is more serious, the occurrence is root lodging, the whole plant is completely lodged, and the yield reduction range is larger. Therefore, how to breed the cabbage type rape variety with high quality character by a simple and easy method is still the key of the research in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for breeding brassica napus, which utilizes the branch height index method to breed rape varieties, and the method is simple and easy to implement, enhances lodging resistance of the bred varieties, and significantly increases the pod number, the kernel number and the yield of a single plant.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for breeding cabbage type rape, which selects rape with branch height index less than or equal to 35% as a new rape variety.
Preferably, the index of branch height is 26 to 33.33%.
Preferably, the brassica napus includes conventional rape and hybrid rape.
Preferably, the branch height index is inversely related to glucosinolate content, effective branch number, major inflorescence length, effective angle per plant, grain per angle, thousand grain weight, and yield per plant.
Preferably, the brassica napus variety is high-yield.
Preferably, the cabbage type rape variety is of a high oil yield type.
Preferably, the cabbage type rape variety is lodging resistant.
Preferably, the height of the cabbage type rape plant is 150-160 cm, and the effective branching height at one time is 43-50 cm.
Preferably, the cabbage type rape has 7 to 9 effective branches at one time, the length of a main inflorescence is 57 to 60cm, the effective angle of the main inflorescence is 65 to 70, the quantity of the siliques is 20 to 22, the thousand seed weight is 3.73 to 4.10g, and the effective angle of a single plant is 343 to 372.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention utilizes the branch height index method to breed the rape variety, has simple and easy operation, enhances the lodging resistance of the bred variety, obviously increases the pod number, the kernel number, the yield and the oil content of a single plant, and can effectively improve the yield and the oil yield.
The invention overcomes the defect that the plant height and the height of the branch part are separately considered in the breeding material examination by utilizing the branch height index, and simultaneously from the branch height index, the lodging resistant variety can be obtained by selection, the variety has low branch part, the whole group of plants are lower, the gravity center of the single plant is downwards moved, the lodging resistance is enhanced, and the mechanical harvesting is facilitated.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cabbage type rape breeding method, which comprises the following steps: selecting rape with the branch height index less than or equal to 35 percent as a new rape variety.
In the present invention, the branch height index is a percentage value of the primary effective branch height in the plant height. The plant height refers to the length from the cotyledonary node to the highest point of the main stem of the whole rape, and is in the unit of cm; the primary effective branch height is the distance between the cotyledonary node and the first effective branch insertion point at the lowest part of the main stem, and is expressed in cm.
The cabbage type rape variety is bred according to the branch height index, and the branch height index is further preferably 26-33.33%, and more preferably 30-33%.
The brassica napus of the present invention includes conventional rape and hybrid rape.
According to the invention, the cabbage type rape variety with high yield and high oil yield can be obtained by breeding according to the branch height index.
The branch height index of the invention is negatively related to the glucosinolate content, the number of effective branches, the length of the main inflorescence, the effective angle of each plant, the grain number of each horn, the thousand grain weight and the yield of each plant of the brassica napus. The lower the branch height index of the cabbage type rape is, the more obvious the effective branch number, the main inflorescence length, the effective angle of a single plant, the grain number per horn, the thousand grain weight, the single plant yield and the single yield are increased, and the remarkable promotion effect on the increase of the oil content is realized. The lower the branch height index, the lower the effective pod number of the main inflorescence and the lower the pod density, but the lower the oil content and yield.
In the conventional rape variety, the effective angle of a single plant with the branch height index of below 33.33 percent is increased by 24.69 percent at most, the grain number of each grain is increased by 8.04 percent at most, the thousand grain weight is increased by 8.47 percent at most, and the yield of the single plant is increased by 53.83 percent at most.
In the hybrid rape variety, the effective angle of a single plant with the branch height index of below 33.33 percent is increased by 19.88 percent at most, the grain number of each grain is increased by 8.63 percent at most, the thousand grain weight is increased by 2.45 percent at most, and the yield of the single plant is increased by 36.59 percent at most.
In summary, in brassica napus (including conventional rape and hybrid rape), the effective angle of a single plant with the branch height index of below 33.33 percent is increased by 24.69 percent at most, the grain number of each grain is increased by 8.04 percent at most, the thousand grain weight is increased by 8.47 percent at most, and the yield of the single plant is increased by 36.59 percent at most.
The lodging-resistant brassica napus variety can be obtained by breeding according to the branch height index. Starting from the branch height index, the lower the branch height index is, the lower the effective branch height is higher than the plant height at one time, the center of gravity of the whole plant is moved downwards, and the lodging resistance is enhanced.
The invention relates to a method for breeding a rape variety with the cabbage type rape plant height of 150-160 cm and the effective branching height of 43-50 cm at one time by using the branching height index. The plant height is preferably 152-158 cm, and the primary effective branching height is preferably 45-50 cm.
The cabbage type rape bred by the invention preferably has 7-9 effective branches at one time, the length of a main inflorescence of 57-60 cm, the effective angle of the main inflorescence of 65-70, the quantity of siliques of 20-22, the weight of thousand seeds of 3.73-4.10 g and the effective angle of a single plant of 343-372, more preferably has 8 effective branches at one time, the length of the main inflorescence of 58-59 cm, the effective angle of the main inflorescence of 66-68, the quantity of siliques of 21, the weight of thousand seeds of 3.9-4 g and the effective angle of a single plant of 350-360.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Analyzing the cabbage type rape quality traits and the agronomic traits of national winter rape new variety regional summary reports (national winter rape variety regional test summary data) of 10 years (2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009, 2009-2010, 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, 2016-2017 and 2018-2019). The total number of the test combination (including the control) is 1755 in 10 years, 395 combinations without complete data are removed, 1242 hybrid combinations and 118 conventional rapes are obtained. The analyzed target characters comprise erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil content, plant height, branch parts, effective branch number, main inflorescence length, main inflorescence effective angle, single plant effective angle, grain per angle, thousand grain weight, single plant yield and mu yield of the test combination. Yield increase is the percent increase in the test combination (or conventional line) compared to the present group of photographs.
(1) The average value of each branch height index interval is counted by analyzing the 118 conventional rape branch height indexes, the yield and the plant character performance, and the result is shown in a table 1. (the average number in the table indicates the average of the yield and the individual traits of 118 conventional rape.)
TABLE 1 analysis of branch height index and yield and plant trait Performance
As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the individual plants increased regularly as the index of the height of branching decreased. When the branch height index is less than 40%, the number of effective angles per plant is high, and is more than 300 angles, the number of grains per angle is more than 20 grains, the length of the main inflorescence is more than 55cm, and the number of effective angles of the main inflorescence is more than 63 angles. When the branch height index is more than 50%, the number of effective branches is small, the length of the main inflorescence is short, the number of effective corners of the main inflorescence is small, the number of effective corners of each plant is small, and the thousand seed weight, the yield of each plant and the yield of each plant are low. As seen from the table, the branching height index was found to be 30% or less, and the characters exhibited the best performance, the height of the plant was 150cm, the height of the branching site was about 40cm, the number of grains per pod was about 21 grains, the thousand-grain weight was 4g or more, and the yield per plant was 24g or more.
The correlation between the brassica napus conventional rape branch height index and plant characters and yield characters is analyzed, and the result is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 correlation of the branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
TABLE 2 correlation of the branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
As shown in Table 2, the index of the height of branching and the oil content (-0.2237), the number of effective branches
The (-0.5847), the length of the main inflorescence (-0.2261), the number of grains per horn (-0.4190), the thousand-grain weight (-0.3560), and the yield of a single plant (-0.6768) are all in significant or extremely significant negative correlation, and the lower the index of the height of the branches, the more effective branches, the longer the length of the main inflorescence, the more grains per horn, the thousand-grain weight and the higher the yield of the single plant are, so that the oil content is obviously improved.
Stepwise regression analysis shows that the oil content, the branch height index, the effective angle of the main inflorescence, the silique density, the effective angle of a single plant, the grain number of each horn and the thousand grain weight have obvious or extremely obvious influence on the yield, and the regression equation is as follows: y = -142.9249+1.8494X 3 **+1.1035X 4 **-0.8163X 7 **+47.4923X 8 **+0.1630X 9 **+4.53842X 10 **+9.6537X 11 *(R＝0.66832；F＝12.6841；p＝0.0000)。
(2) The height indexes of the combined branches of the 1242 hybrid rapes, the yield and the plant character performance are statistically analyzed, the average value of each branch height index interval is counted, and the result is shown in a table 3. (the average number in the table indicates the yield and the average value of each character of 1242 hybrid rape.)
TABLE 3 analysis of branch height index and yield and plant trait performance
As shown in Table 3, the effective number of single plants, the number of grains per corner, the thousand-grain weight and the yield of single plants increased regularly as the index of branch height decreased. The rape branch height index is 30-35% with the highest yield of 178.28 kg/mu, the rape branch height index is 45-50% with the lowest yield of 167.56 kg/mu, and the high-ratio and low-ratio yield is increased by 6.40%. The rape branch height index is 32.66% on average at 30-35% (1/3 of the plant height). The branch height index is below 30%, the characters are optimal, the plant height is 154cm, the branch position height is about 40cm, the number of effective angles of each plant is 382, the number of grains per angle is about 21, the thousand-grain weight is 3.75g, and the yield of each plant is 25g; when the branch height index is more than 50%, the number of effective branches is small, the length of the main inflorescence is short, the number of effective corners of a single plant is small, the number of grains per corner is small, and the yield of the single plant and the yield per unit are low.
The correlation between the branch height index of the brassica napus hybrid rape and the plant characters and yield characters is analyzed, and the result is shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 correlation of the branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
TABLE 4 correlation of Branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
As can be seen from table 4, the branch height index was significantly or very significantly negatively correlated with glucosinolates (-0.1163), oil content (-0.2755), number of effective branches (-0.5101), length of main inflorescence (-0.2026), number of grains per horn (-0.3547), thousand seed weight (-0.0949), single plant yield (-0.6037), yield (-0.06761), and the lower the branch height index, the greater the number of effective branches, the longer the length of main inflorescence, the greater the number of grains per horn, the thousand seed weight, and the higher the single plant yield, the more the increase in oil content was promoted.
Stepwise regression analysis shows that the oil content, the branch height index, the number of effective branches, the effective angle of the main inflorescence, the effective angle of a single plant, the grain number of each horn and the yield of the single plant have obvious or extremely obvious influence on the yield, and the regression equation is as follows:
Y＝-11.4053-0.1702X 2 +0.7178X 3 **+0.8011X 4 **+5.6933X 5 **+0.1974X 7 *-6.6427×10 -2 X 9 **+2.5502X 10 **+3.1187X 11 +1.4578X 12 **(R＝0.44038；F＝32.9342；p＝0.0000)。
(3) The 1360 brassica napus (conventional rape and hybrid rape) branches height index and the yield and plant character performance are analyzed, and the average value of each branch height index interval is counted, and the result is shown in table 5. (the difference in the table is ≦ 33.33% and > 33.33%)
TABLE 5 analysis of branch height index and yield and plant trait Performance
As can be seen from Table 5, the highest yield (176.99 kg/mu) is at a branch height index of 30 to 35%, the average branch height index is 32.64%, about 33%, and at 1/3 of the height of the plant. When the brassica napus branch height index is below 33.33 percent (when a branch is planted at 1/3 of the height of the rape), compared with the branch height index of above 33.33 percent, the oil content is averagely increased by 1.44 percent, the plant height is reduced by 20.78cm, the branch part height is reduced by 31.7cm, the effective branch number is increased by 0.94, the length of a main inflorescence is increased by 1.12cm, the effective angle of the main inflorescence is reduced by 2.51, the silique density is reduced by 0.08/cm, the effective angle of a single plant is increased by 61.15, the grain number per silique is increased by 1.69 grains/angle, the thousand grain weight is increased by 0.09g, the yield of the single plant is increased by 6.45g, and the yield is increased by 36.59 percent.
The correlation of the brassica napus (conventional and hybrid) branch height index with plant traits and yield traits was analyzed and the results are shown in table 6.
TABLE 6 correlation of the branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
TABLE 6 correlation of Branch height index with plant traits and yield traits
As can be seen from Table 6, the branch height index was significantly negatively correlated with glucosinolates (-0.1104), oil contents (-0.2659), number of effective branches (-0.5173), length of main inflorescence (-0.2059), effective angle per plant (-0.4747), number of kernels per horn (-0.3598), thousand kernel weight (-0.1160), yield per plant (-0.6104), yield (-0.0749), and oil contents were significantly increased as the branch height index was lower, the number of effective branches was greater, the length of main inflorescence was longer, the effective angle per plant, the number of kernels per horn, the thousand kernel weight, the yield per plant and the yield were higher.
Stepwise regression analysis shows that the oil content, the branch height index, the number of effective branches, the effective angle of the main inflorescence, the effective angle of a single plant, the grain number of each horn and the yield of the single plant have extremely obvious influence on the yield, and the regression equation is as follows: y = -6.5722-0.1647X 2 +0.7717X 3 **+0.8070X 4 **+5.6107X 5 **+0.2147X 7 **-5.9194×10 -2 X 9 **+2.5801X 10 **+1.4306X 12 **(R＝0.44721；F＝42.2180；p＝0.0000)。
In conclusion, the most prominent expression of the reduction of the branch height index is that the plant height and the height of the branch parts are reduced, the effective angle of a single plant, the quantity of the siliques, the thousand kernel weight and the yield of the single plant are increased, and the characters are the most intuitive characters in breeding practice and have strong operability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for selectively culturing cabbage-type rape features that the rape whose branch height index is less than or equal to 35% is chosen as new rape variety.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the branch height index is 26 to 33.33%.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said brassica napus comprises conventional and hybrid rape.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein said branch height index is inversely related to glucosinolate content, number of effective branches, length of main inflorescence, effective angle per plant, grain per angle, thousand kernel weight, and yield per plant.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the brassica napus variety is high-yielding.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the brassica napus variety is high oil yield type.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the brassica napus variety is lodging resistant.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Brassica napus plants have a height of 150-160 cm and an effective primary branching height of 43-50 cm.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the brassica napus has 7 to 9 effective branches per time, a length of the main inflorescence of 57 to 60cm, an effective angle of the main inflorescence of 65 to 70, a grain number of 20 to 22 grains, a thousand grain weight of 3.73 to 4.10g, and an effective angle of a single plant of 343 to 372.
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