CN116548296A - Cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers - Google Patents
Cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers Download PDFInfo
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- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 241000758706 Piperaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 235000008534 Capsicum annuum var annuum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000019510 Long pepper Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 240000003455 Piper longum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 51
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000722363 Piper Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000006002 Pepper Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000016761 Piper aduncum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000017804 Piper guineense Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000008184 Piper nigrum Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000019640 taste Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 description 10
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000012254 Canarium album Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009103 Canarium album Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000002568 Capsicum frutescens Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019654 spicy taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/021—Methods of breeding using interspecific crosses, i.e. interspecies crosses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pepper cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers. According to the invention, the long pepper No. 3 is used as an original resource, the excellent female parent is obtained through continuous selfing for 6-8 generations, the Han-Xuan No. 5 is used as the original resource, the excellent male parent is obtained through continuous selfing for 5-7 generations, and a management mode of only insect prevention and no disease prevention is adopted during field planting, and the excellent male parent are hybridized, so that the obtained screw pepper is not only disease-resistant, but also high in yield and good in taste, and is suitable for early spring protected cultivation in various places in Hubei province.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pepper cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers.
Background
The hot pepper is loved by people in the form of hot and spicy image and the stimulated taste, and the planting area is continuously enlarged. Analysis results of big data in the early 2019 year indicate that the consumption of the capsicum accounts for 30% of the Chinese seasoning, and the annual planting area of the Chinese capsicum is stabilized at 210 ten thousand hm at present 2 Above, it protects residents in urban and rural areasThe vegetables play an important role in the annual balanced supply and rich and colorful dietary tastes.
With the development of economy and the improvement of living standard, the quality requirements of people on agricultural products are higher and higher, so that high quality becomes the most important breeding target of the peppers. Two conditions are required for popularization of high-quality crop varieties, namely market demands and production conditions, and large-area popularization of screw pepper varieties is the best example. The fresh peppers sold in the market at present have the most remarkable advantages of good taste, the condition of ensuring good taste is that the local variety 'pig large intestine' in northwest China has the requirements of thin outer pericarp and low cellulose content, but the variety has the obvious disadvantages of low yield, poor disease resistance and poor adaptability, most of China cannot be planted, and can only be planted in a small amount in dry and cool northwest China, and the high-temperature and high-humidity environment in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river is beneficial to the occurrence of epidemic diseases, which have great influence on the pepper planting industry, so that the method has important significance on how to utilize the excellent local variety to breed the screw pepper variety which is high in yield and suitable for being planted in Yangtze river basin.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the invention uses Long pepper No. 3 as an original resource, obtains an excellent female parent through continuous selfing, uses Han-Xuan No. 5 as an original resource, obtains an excellent male parent through continuous selfing, and hybridizes the two, so that the obtained screw peppers are not only disease-resistant, but also high in yield and good in taste, and are suitable for cultivation in early spring protected areas in various places of Hubei province.
The invention provides a cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
female parent breeding: the method comprises the steps of selfing Long pepper No. 3 for 6 to 8 generations by adopting a continuous selfing and single plant selection method to obtain an excellent plant line as a female parent, wherein the first, second and third generations adopt good growth vigor, less skin and thin slag and less fruit setting as breeding targets, the fourth and fifth generations adopt fruits with big size, less skin and thin slag and less fruit setting as breeding targets, and the sixth and later generations adopt precocity, more fruit setting and less skin and thin slag as breeding targets;
breeding male parent: selfing Han Xuan No. 5 by adopting a continuous selfing and single plant selection method for 5-7 generations, taking strong plants, good fruit setting and no epidemic disease as breeding targets, and obtaining an excellent strain as a male parent;
crossbreeding, the bred male parent and female parent are hybridized, and the method is obtained.
As a preferred embodiment, artificial pollination is used for hybridization.
Specifically, the method for artificial pollination is as follows:
removing male parent, namely selecting flower buds to be flowering in the next day from 2-4 layers of flowers, removing male flowers after 5 pm on the day, lightly poking the flower buds with pointed tweezers, clamping six stamens, and avoiding damaging stigmas and ovaries;
collecting pollen of male parent, collecting mature uncracked anther in a dryer for pollination at the morning or at 7-10 am of the day before pollination;
artificial pollination, dipping pollen with writing brush or rubber head, and lightly coating on the castrated stigma.
As a preferred embodiment, the artificial pollination time is 7 to 10 am.
As a preferred embodiment, the capsicum is planted when the seedling grows to 7-8 true leaves, and the night temperature during the planting is not lower than 10 ℃.
As a preferred implementation mode, the 5 th to 6 th generation of the breeding process of the male parent and the female parent adopts a mixed seed reserving mode to reserve seeds.
As a preferred embodiment, the screw peppers obtained after hybridization are subjected to a combination force measurement test, a variety comparison test, a strain regional test and a production test to obtain high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers.
The hybridization material obtained by the invention has the following characteristics: the medium-maturing plant is about 73cm in height, about 62cm in width, upright in plant type, semi-spiral in shape, 30.5cm in fruit length, 3.8cm in fruit transverse diameter, 0.3cm in pulp thickness, about 70g in single fruit weight, about 30 single plants in fruit green, about 135 days in harvesting period from commercial fruit green, the advantage of few female parent skin thin slag is retained, the problem that female parent disease resistance is poor and is not suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of a Yangtze river with high temperature and high humidity is overcome, the yield is high, and the cultivation in a greenhouse in early spring in river basin areas with equal length in Hubei province and Hunan is completely realized, and the cultivation method has huge popularization prospect and economic benefit advantage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the field growth of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples so as to more clearly understand the present invention by those skilled in the art.
The following examples are given for illustration of the invention only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts are within the protection scope of the present invention based on the specific embodiments of the present invention.
The material sources are as follows:
long Pepper No. 3: the capsicum variety selected and bred by vegetable institute of agricultural academy of Gansu province is suitable for being planted in sunlight greenhouse, plastic greenhouse and open field in Gansu province, lanzhou, silver, wu Wei and other places.
Han-zhuan No. 5: purchased from wuhan han research seedling technologies.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-yield and disease-resistant cultivation method of screw peppers, which is planted in a research and development base of the biological technology company of Wuhanchu, a Xiangkou street in Han province, wuhan, hubei province. The detailed cultivation method is as follows:
(1) Female parent breeding: the seed selection is carried out by taking the Long Pepper No. 3 as an original resource, wherein the Long Pepper No. 3 is a Pepper variety Long Pepper No. 3 introduced from vegetable research institute of the agricultural academy of Gansu province, and has the following properties: early ripening, moderate growth vigor, plant height 78cm, plant width 67cm, single plant fruiting number 28, sheep horn shape, fruit length 25cm, transverse diameter 2.7cm, meat thickness 0.23cm, single fruit weight 35-40 g, green fruit color, fruit surface wrinkling, spicy taste and good fruit commodity. The time from sowing to the initial flowering phase is 93 days, the time from sowing to the harvest phase of the Chinese olive is 132 days, the VC content is 1.23g, the quality is excellent, the low temperature resistance is low, the yield per mu is about 5000kg, and the method is suitable for planting in spring and autumn late protected areas. The specific breeding method is as follows:
introducing a first-generation hybrid pepper variety Long pepper No. 3, planting in spring in the current year, and reserving F1 generation seeds after red ripening for 6-7 months to obtain F2 generation seeds;
sowing F2 generation seeds in autumn, carrying out selfing separation on 200 plants, carrying out vigorous separation on traits among groups, and screening out 15 single plants with the aim of good plant growth vigor, less skin and thin slag and more fruit setting quantity to obtain F3 generation seeds;
sowing 15 single plant offspring obtained by seed selection in spring of the next year, planting 80 plants in each plant line, continuing single plant selfing, and screening 10 single plants with the targets of good plant growth vigor, less skin thin slag and most fruit setting quantity to obtain F4 generation seeds;
sowing F4 generation seeds in autumn, planting 40 single plants per plant line, selfing, finding that the plant type, fruit color, fruit shape and other characters are basically stable, and selecting 8 single plants with big fruit, thin skin, less residue and less fruit quantity as targets for F5 generation seed reserving;
sowing the 8 strains in spring in the third year, wherein each strain is fixedly planted with 30 strains, and 3 single strains are screened out with the aim of large fruits, less skin and thin slag and more fruit setting quantity, and single plant seed reserving and corresponding strain mixed seed reserving are adopted;
in autumn, sowing the 3 strains, planting 20 strains in each strain, comparing the strains, and selecting the optimal 1 single strain with the aims of low temperature resistance, early maturity, more fruit bearing and less skin and thin slag, and reserving the strain, namely the selected homozygous female parent inbred line, wherein the characteristics are as follows:
the plant height is 85cm, the plant width is 65cm, the fruit is in the shape of a sheep, the green brightness of the peel is good, the transverse diameter of the fruit is 3.0cm, the longitudinal diameter of the fruit is about 28cm, and the fruit is sowed to the harvest period of the Chinese olive for about 135 days.
(2) Breeding male parent: selecting and breeding by taking Han Xuan No. 5 as an original resource, wherein the Han Xuan No. 5 is purchased from Wuhan Han research seedling science and technology Co., ltd, and the main characteristics are as follows: the extra-large screw peppers are early-matured in middle and medium, have dark green fruit color, have fruit length of 30cm, transverse diameter of 4.5-5.5 cm, single fruit weight of 100g, spiral shape, strong plant growth vigor and good continuous fruit setting property. The specific breeding method is as follows:
introducing a first filial generation pepper variety Han-Xuan No. 5, planting in spring in the current year, and reserving seeds for the F1 generation after red ripening to obtain F2 generation seeds;
in autumn, F2 generation seeds are sowed for selfing separation, only insect prevention and disease prevention are realized in cultivation management, 14 single plants are screened out with the aim of strong plant growth vigor, strong continuous fruit setting capability and no epidemic disease, and F3 generation seeds are obtained;
sowing F3 generation seeds for selfing separation in spring of the next year, wherein the cultivation management aspect only prevents insects and diseases, and 8 single plants are screened out with the aim of strong plant growth vigor, strong continuous fruit setting capability and no epidemic disease, so that F4 generation seeds are obtained;
in autumn, F4 generation seeds are sowed for selfing separation, only insect prevention and disease prevention are performed in the aspect of cultivation management, investigation shows that the plant growth vigor, fruit peel color and other characters are basically stable, differences in fruit setting quantity and fruit size are achieved, 3 single plants are selected with the goal of strong growth vigor, a large number of fruit setting quantity and no epidemic disease occurrence, F5 generation seed reservation is performed, and meanwhile mixed seed reservation is performed on corresponding plant lines;
in spring of the third year, F5 generation selfing separation is performed, a cultivation management mode is unchanged, inter-strain characters and disease resistance identification comparison are performed with the aim of strong growth vigor, a large number of fruits and no epidemic diseases, 1 single plant in the optimal 1 plant is selected for seed reservation, and the plant is mixed for seed reservation, so that the selected male parent is obtained;
(3) And (3) cross breeding, namely, artificial pollination is carried out on the female parent and the male parent which are bred, hybridization is carried out, the hybridized material obtained after hybridization is screened through a mating force measurement test and a variety comparison test, and then a variety regional test and a production test are carried out, so that a new variety of capsicum is obtained and named Chu Long 201. The artificial pollination method comprises the following steps:
the female parent is emasculated, preferably, buds to be bloomed in the next day are selected from 2-4 layers of flowers, emasculated after 5 pm on the day, the buds are gently plucked by pointed tweezers, six stamens are clipped, and injury to the stigma and ovary is avoided;
collecting pollen of male parent, collecting mature uncracked anther in a dryer for pollination at the morning or at 7-10 am of the day before pollination;
the artificial pollination is carried out at 7-10 a.m. and can be carried out by dipping pollen on a writing brush or a rubber head, lightly coating the pollen on the castrated column head, and timely binding a hair line on the pedicel after the pollen is coated as a mark so as to facilitate harvesting seeds.
In the method, the field planting conditions of the peppers are that the field planting is carried out when the seedlings grow to 7-8 true leaves, the night temperature during the field planting cannot be lower than 10 ℃, the field planting can be carried out in a built arch shed, and the thickness of the capsicum pericarp and the quantity of residues are determined by 8 people breeding teams.
Example 2 variety comparative test
The hybrid seeds obtained in example 1 and Long pepper No. 3, han Xuan No. 5, and 5 varieties of Xuanli, hu Yulan Zao and Zuo Zao (from Hunan Xiang research industries Co., ltd., respectively) economic crop institute of academy of agricultural sciences, sichuan-Zanthoxylum bungeanum seed industry, inc.) performs field planting experiments on the developing base of Hunan Korea street Wuhanchu biological technology, inc. in Wuhan, hubei province, the test adopts a complete random block design, and is repeated for three times, and the cell area is 80m 2 . The test adopts 50-hole tray seedling, 2-3 seedlings are sown in each hole, transplanting is carried out when 7-8 true leaves exist in the seedlings, double-row planting is carried out, the plant spacing is 40cm, the line spacing is 75cm, and the cultivation measures of fertilizer and water, field management and the like after transplanting and field planting are the same as those of a general field. And (3) observing comprehensive performances such as plant growth vigor, fruit bearing habit, fruit characteristics, disease resistance and the like according to target characters in the whole growing period of the capsicum, and comparing the characters, wherein the results are shown in the following table 1:
the evaluation method and the standard are as follows: observing and recording the characteristics of the growth period, plant characters, fruit characters, counting the yields of each cell in batches, adding the yields of each time to obtain the total yield of the fruit, and converting into each 667m 2 Yield, and disease resistance investigation. (reference: deng Yuping, deng Yongjiang, cai Ming.10 greenhouse spring precocity cultivation comparative test of Capsici fructus variety [ J ]]Chinese gardening abstract, 2015 (9): 33-38.)
TABLE 1 comparison of the traits of the cultivars obtained according to the invention and several other cultivars
Note that: the fruit bearing quantity is obtained by taking the average value of the results of 10 pepper plants.
As shown by statistical results, the variety Chu Long 201 bred by the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of less thin slag of the 3 rd skin of the female parent Longjiao, good taste, good disease resistance of the 5 th Han of the male parent and large fruits, and has the advantages of large number of single plant fruits, high mu yield and far better comprehensive performance than that of the male parent and the female parent and the conventional variety planted in the current middle and downstream regions of Yangjiang.
Example 3 line regionality test
The breeds bred in example 1 were subjected to planting tests in the areas of Wuhan, yichang, chenzhou, etc. in Hubei, and observed for properties, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3 below:
table 2 "Chu Long 201" area test main quality and commercial investigation summary table
TABLE 3 Chulong 201' area test yield summary table
As shown by the regional test results of the capsicum strain in 2020-2021, the 'Chu Long' capsicum has excellent performance, not only retains the advantage of less thin slag of female parent skin, but also overcomes the problem that the female parent has poor disease resistance and is not suitable for being planted in the middle and downstream of Yangtze river with high temperature and high humidity, has high yield, can be completely cultivated in early spring greenhouse facilities in river basin areas such as Hubei and Hunan, and has great popularization prospect and economic benefit advantage.
It should be noted that the above examples are only for further illustrating and describing the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, and the method of the present invention is only a preferred embodiment and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
female parent breeding: the method comprises the steps of selfing Long pepper No. 3 for 6 to 8 generations by adopting a continuous selfing and single plant selection method to obtain an excellent plant line as a female parent, wherein the first, second and third generations adopt good growth vigor, less skin and thin slag and less fruit setting as breeding targets, the fourth and fifth generations adopt fruits with big size, less skin and thin slag and less fruit setting as breeding targets, and the sixth and later generations adopt precocity, more fruit setting and less skin and thin slag as breeding targets;
breeding male parent: selfing Han Xuan No. 5 by adopting a continuous selfing and single plant selection method for 5-7 generations, taking strong plants, good fruit setting and no epidemic disease as breeding targets, and obtaining an excellent strain as a male parent;
crossbreeding, the bred male parent and female parent are hybridized, and the method is obtained.
2. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 1, wherein the artificial pollination is adopted during hybridization.
3. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 2, wherein the method for artificial pollination is as follows:
removing male parent, namely selecting flower buds to be flowering in the next day from 2-4 layers of flowers, removing male flowers after 5 pm on the day, lightly poking the flower buds with pointed tweezers, clamping six stamens, and avoiding damaging stigmas and ovaries;
collecting pollen of male parent, collecting mature uncracked anther in a dryer for pollination at the morning or at 7-10 am of the day before pollination;
artificial pollination, dipping pollen with writing brush or rubber head, and lightly coating on the castrated stigma.
4. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 3, wherein the artificial pollination time is 7-10 am.
5. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 1, wherein the peppers are planted when the seedlings grow to 7-8 true leaves, and the night temperature during the planting is not lower than 10 ℃.
6. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 1, wherein the 5 th to 6 th generations of mixed seed reserving mode is adopted for seed reserving in the male parent and female parent breeding process.
7. The method for cultivating high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers according to claim 1, wherein the screw peppers obtained after hybridization are subjected to a mating force measurement test, a variety comparison test, a strain zonal test and a production test to obtain the high-yield and disease-resistant screw peppers.
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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吴治国;高志科;甘志国;田溪;杨小亮;闫军明;: "塑料大棚辣椒品种对比试验", 现代农业科技, no. 18, 20 September 2008 (2008-09-20) * |
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