RU2809196C1 - Method for obtaining progress of dwarf winter wheat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology.

SUBSTANCE: invention discloses a method for creating dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources. The method includes the following stages: selection of high-quality parent varieties for hybridization, sowing of anther culture, chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting on the F1 generation and selection of morphological indicators of cold resistance, physiological and economic indicators of the breeding in accordance with the standards until the production of breeding meeting the signs of dwarfism.

EFFECT: method can be used to create new superior winter wheat germplasm and also provides a simple and effective breeding method for wheat breeders.

8 cl, 28 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

Field of technology

The present invention relates to the technical field of selecting dwarf varieties of winter wheat and, in particular, relates to a method for creating dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources.

State of the art

Since the Norin10 dwarf genes were used in wheat breeding in the 1960s during the world's first Green Revolution, initiated by Dr. Borlaug of the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), the study and use of dwarf genes has been a major concern. more geneticists and breeding specialists. After Japanese farmers discovered the local dwarf variety "Damo" in 1935, 5-6 dwarf varieties of the original species successively appeared in the world. Scientists conducted a genetic identification analysis of the dwarf genes of these varieties. There are currently 25 named dwarfism genes, and most dwarfism genes are derived by mutation. Currently, most of the dwarf genes in the world's wheat varieties come from Rht1(Rht-B1b) and Rht2(Rht-D1b) of "Norin10" and Rht8 and Rht9 of "Akagomugi", and have disadvantages such as limited genetic background and simplification of dwarf genes. Therefore, the search, identification and use of a new source of dwarfism is of great importance and has attracted widespread attention from various countries around the world.

Currently, dwarf parent varieties used in wheat breeding have, to varying degrees, defects such as premature senescence, low grain protein content, low thousand-seed grain weight and low ripening speed. Therefore, it is especially important to create and discover a new source of dwarfism. In this case, attention should be paid to the complex characteristics of dwarf germplasm resources. If a new source of dwarfism can be created that has the advantages of the dwarf genes of Norin10 or Akagomugi varieties, as well as a dominant or partially dominant inheritance effect, then the new source of dwarfism will be widely used in production. With the development of biotechnology, the application of molecular marker technology in dwarf wheat resources will provide more accurate and improved scientific ways to generate dwarf germplasm from wheat resources, identification evaluation and genetic analysis of wheat dwarf genes, thereby providing a breakthrough in the creation and use of dwarf germplasm resources.

Therefore, providing a method for creating dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources is a problem that urgently requires solution by those skilled in the art.

The essence of the invention

In this regard, the present invention provides a method for creating dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources. The method includes selecting parental varieties and preparing a hybrid combination of genes, sowing an anther culture of the F1 hybrid generation, determining and selecting standards for morphological and physiological indicators of dwarf germplasm resources. The method is simple and easy to operate, can be used to create new superior dwarf winter wheat germplasm, and also provides a simple and effective breeding method for wheat breeders.

To achieve the above objective, the technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: a method for creating dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources includes the following steps: selecting high-quality parent varieties for hybridization; carrying out sowing of anther culture, reduplication of chromosomes, transplantation and planting for the F1 generation; and selection of morphological indicators, cold resistance, physiological indicators and economic indicators of the offspring in accordance with the standards until the production of offspring that meet the characteristics of dwarfism, i.e. dwarf germplasm of winter wheat resources.

As a preferred technical solution from the above technical solutions, screening indicators for high quality parent varieties include agronomic traits, disease resistance, cold tolerance, economic performance and quality traits.

Identification assessment of agronomic traits: germination, characteristics of the winter-spring period, plant height, ear length, husk color, awn type, number of grains in the ear, thousand seed weight, grain color, grain shape, filling, sowing period, stemming, ripening period, plant type structure, uniformity, yellowing property and more.

Identification assessment of disease resistance: conditions for the response of parent varieties to diseases under natural field conditions or under inoculation conditions; and disease resistance mainly includes resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew and gibberellosis.

Identification assessment of cold resistance: the cold resistance of parent varieties is revealed under conditions of natural or artificial stress.

Identification assessment of economic indicators: the number of ears, the number of grains in an ear and the weight of a thousand seeds of one plant are determined.

Identification assessment of quality indicators: protein content, gluten, rheological properties of the dough and the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits are determined.

The screening standards for agronomic traits of the parent varieties of winter wheat presented in the present invention are as follows: plant height less than or equal to 80 cm; the embryos are shoot-semi-shoot-through and have winter-hardiness-semi-winter-hardiness; ear length is greater than or equal to 7.5 cm; the color of the husk is white; spike type is rectangular, spindle-shaped or rod-shaped; the number of grains in an ear is greater than or equal to 40; the mass of a thousand seeds is greater than or equal to 35 g; grains are bulk, with good shine; cuticle level is greater than or equal to 70%; the planting period and the ripening period are less than or equal to the planting period and the ripening period of the national reference varieties; plant type is compact or reduced to 1-2 levels; the level of homogeneity of the ear layer is 1-2; further yellowing property is excellent; maturation level 1-2. Thus, culturing new germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits is convenient.

According to the identification assessment of winter wheat germplasm disease resistance presented in the present invention, the responses of parent varieties to diseases are determined under natural field conditions or under inoculation conditions; and disease resistance mainly includes resistance to stripe rust, leaf rust, powdery mildew and gibberellosis. The selection standards for disease resistance of parent varieties of winter wheat according to the invention are as follows: moderate or higher resistance to stripe rust and brown leaf rust; high resistance or immunity to powdery mildew; moderate or higher resistance to Gibberella disease and resistance to leaf rot. Thus, the disease resistance of the new variety is improved.

According to the identification assessment of cold resistance of the germplasm of winter wheat resources presented in the present invention, the cold resistance of parent varieties is determined under natural or artificial stress conditions. The selection standards for cold resistance of resources of parent varieties of winter wheat according to the invention are as follows: cold damage to overwintered leaves is less than or equal to 3 levels; and, just like the coefficient of death of seeds overwintered in the field, the coefficient of death of stems overwintered in the field is equal to zero. Thus, the cultivation of new germplasm having excellent cold tolerance is convenient.

The selection standards for economic indicators of the parent varieties of winter wheat according to the present invention are as follows: with single grain sowing, the number of ears per plant is less than or equal to 16; the number of grains in an ear is greater than or equal to 40; and the mass of a thousand seeds is greater than or equal to 35 g. Thus, the yield of the new variety can be ensured.

The identification evaluation standards for the quality traits of the winter wheat parent varieties of the present invention are as follows: the quality of the germplasm reaches the standard of high-gluten wheat or the national standard of medium-gluten wheat; and the main quality characteristics are as follows: protein content is greater than or equal to 13%; gluten greater than or equal to 30%; dough stability time for medium gluten wheat is greater than or equal to 3 minutes; and high gluten wheat dough stability time is greater than or equal to 7 minutes. Thus, the quality characteristics of the new variety have been improved.

The standard for selection for KASP markers of winter wheat parent varieties of the present invention is as follows: the selected parent varieties include 1 or more pairs of dwarf alleles. Thus, the likelihood of success in creating dwarf germplasm is high.

In a preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the selected parent varieties are determined by the KASP marker method and include at least 1 pair of dwarf alleles.

As a preferred technical solution from the above technical solutions, sowing an anther culture on the F1 generation includes:

1) callus induction: inoculation of anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation into the medium for callus induction; In total, inoculation is carried out in 25 flasks; inoculate 300-400 units of anthers in each flask; and place the culture in a dark place at 28-30°C for callus induction;

2) cultivation of differentiated embryos: to obtain embryos, differentiated embryos are cultivated in a medium for differentiated seedlings at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux, when the callus is 9-12 days old;

3) cultivation of active embryos in vitro: cultivation of active embryos on a nutrient medium with the addition of paclobutrazol for 10-15 days to obtain embryos in vitro;

4) overwintering: after the embryos in the test tube grow to 2-3 cm, the embryos are overwintered in the test tube in a low-temperature environment at 3-5°C for 90 -100 days to obtain a tissue culture of the embryos.

As the preferred technical solution from the above technical solutions, chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting are carried out as follows: seedlings are hardened off 10-15 days before transplantation; the tissue culture of the embryos is transplanted and planted in a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; then a microscopic examination of chromosomal ploidy is carried out; the number of chromosomes of a haploid plant is doubled by colchicine; and seeds are selected as the H0 generation. Since the low-temperature storage conditions during overwintering corresponded to the vernalization stage, the embryo tissue culture planted in the field should be protected under a small canopy or in a solar greenhouse during overwintering, which will avoid damage or death of the embryos from cold, and will not affect subsequent selection.

As a preferred technical solution from the above technical solutions, root tips or growing points of haploid plants are treated with colchicine 4/10000 to obtain normal diploid plants.

As the preferred technical solution from the above technical solutions, the H0 generation is treated with water and fertilizer after transplanting and planting. In particular, 15 kg of urea + 20 kg of diammonium phosphate + 5 kg of potassium chloride are applied to 667 ^m2 after planting; fertilizing with 15 kg of urea is carried out every 667 m2 from the germination stage to the tillering stage; and 5 times during the stages of germination, tillering, stemming and milk ripening, irrigation is carried out with a sufficient amount of water to ensure soil moisture, and the volume of irrigation each time is greater than or equal to 50 m ³ .

As a preferred technical solution, from the above technical solutions, the selection of morphological indicators, cold resistance, physiological indicators and economic indicators in accordance with the standards is specifically carried out as follows: plant height is less than or equal to 65 cm; plant type compact or reduced; the stem is elastic; the leaf is thinned or reduced and rectangular or fusiform or rod-shaped; the number of ears for single-grain sowing is 16; the level of homogeneity of the ear layer is 1-2; the number of grains in an ear is greater than or equal to 40; the mass of a thousand seeds is greater than or equal to 35 g; the grains are pourable and have a good shine; filling to level 1; cuticle level is greater than or equal to 70%; the development stage lasts up to 240 days; further yellowing property is excellent; ripening phase to level 1-2, the level of cold damage to overwintered leaves is less than or equal to 3, and cold resistance is higher than or equal to national control varieties. Disease resistance is as follows: moderate or better resistance to stripe rust and brown leaf rust; high resistance or immunity to powdery mildew; Moderate or higher resistance to Gibberella disease, as well as resistance to leaf browning. Protein content greater than or equal to 13%; gluten content greater than or equal to 30%; dough stability time is greater than or equal to 3 minutes; The KASP marker detects 1 or more than 1 pair of dwarf alleles.

Description of drawings

In order to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce drawings that will be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. It is obvious that the drawings given in the description below are only embodiments of the present invention. Other drawings can be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort in accordance with the presented drawings.

Fig. 1 is the breeding pedigree map of Shiai 1;

Fig. 2 a comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 1 variety and the parent varieties, where on the left is the parent variety Yannong 19, on the right is the parent variety Shi 4185, and in the middle is Shiai 1;

Fig. 3 map of characteristics of variety Shiai 1;

Fig. 4 Shiai 2 breeding pedigree map;

Fig. 5 is a comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 2 variety and the parent varieties, where on the left is the parent variety Gao 8901-11-14; on the right is the parent variety Liangxing 99; and in the middle - Shiai 2;

Fig. 6 map of Shiai 2 variety at ripening stage;

Fig. 7 breeding pedigree map Shiai 3;

Fig. 8 is a comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 3 variety and the parent varieties, where on the left is the parent variety Shijiazhuang 8; on the right is the parent variety Shiai 1; and in the middle - Shiai 3;

Fig. 9 - map of characteristics of variety Shiai 3;

Fig. 10 - map of growth activity in the field of the Shiai 3 variety group;

Fig. 11 - map of the breeding pedigree of the Shiai 4 variety;

Fig. 12 - comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 4 variety and parent varieties;

Fig. 13 - Shiai 4 variety card;

Fig. 14 - Shiai 5 breeding pedigree map;

Fig. 15 is a comparative diagram of the characteristics of the Shiai 5 variety and the parent varieties;

Fig. 16 - Shiai 5 grade card;

Fig. 17 - map of the breeding pedigree of the Shiai 6 variety;

Fig. 18 - comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 6 variety and parent varieties;

Fig. 19 - selection pedigree map of the Shiai 7 variety;

Fig. 20 - comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 7 variety and parent varieties;

Fig. 21 - selection pedigree map of the Shiai 8 variety;

Fig. 22 - comparative table of characteristics of the Shiai 8 variety and parent varieties;

Fig. 23 - Shiai 8 grade card;

Fig. 24 - map of the breeding pedigree of the Shiai 9 variety;

Fig. 25 - map of growth activity in the field of the Shiai 9 variety group;

Fig. 26 - selection pedigree map of the Shiai 10 variety;

Fig. 27 - map of growth activity in the field of the Shiai 10 variety group; And

Fig. 28 - photo card of the Shiai 10 variety.

Detailed description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and fully described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that the described embodiments are only a portion of the embodiments of the present invention and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

The test methods used in the following embodiments are examples of the present invention. So far, 10 new winter wheat dwarf germplasm samples have been successfully created (see Table 1)

Table 1 Name
resources
germinal
plasma
(kinds) Parental
combination Discovered
dwarfism gene Plant height, cm Quantity
ears of grain Number of grains per ear Mass of thousand seeds, g Breeding year Rht-B 1b Rht-D1b Individual Group Single plant Number of ears in a group per mu (ten thousand) Number of ears of an individual on a plant Number of ears per plant
in Group Shiai 1 Yannong 19/Shi 4185 1 1 47 53 26 60 48 35 33 2003-2007 Shiai 2 Gao 8901/Liangxing 99 1 1 48 54 24 50 47 36 35 2003-2007 Shiai 3 Shijiazhuang 8/Shiai 1 1 1 48 53 22 45 45 35 42 2007-2011 Shiai 4 Shi 4185/Shiai 1 1 1 53 60 24 50 45 35 38 2007-2011 Shiai 5 Yannong 19/Shiai 1 1 1 54 60 22 45 45 38 42 2007-2011 Shiai 6 Shiai 1/Yannong 19 1 1 56 62 22 45 49 37 42 2007-2011 Shiai 7 Shimai 15/Shannong 20 1 1 48 55 24 50 40 33 45 2010-2013 Shiai 8 Shi H083-366/Shiai 1 1 1 45 51 23 45 40 35 48 2010-2012 Shiai 9 Heng 11-5007/Shiai 1 1 1 50 57 22 45 48 36 45 2012-2016 Shiai 10 Shiai 6/Shi H083-366 1 1 47 56 24 60 40 33 54 2012-2016

Embodiment 1 Breeding and breeding method of the variety "Shiai 1"

1) Selection and characteristics of the female variety "Yannong 19"

Yannong 19 is a high-quality, high-yielding, broadly adaptive new wheat variety developed by the Wheat Research Institute of Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences by taking Yan 1933 as the female parent variety and Shan 82-29 as the male parent variety, carrying out sexual hybridization of the parent varieties and selecting for pedigree.

Characteristics: Yannong 19 variety is winter hardy; seedlings semi-spreading; leaves are dark yellow-green and curl upward; plant height is about 80 cm; high germination rate; the ears are medium sized and rectangular; Yannong 19 has a long awn, white husk, white grains and cutin; the number of grains in an ear is about 40; weight of a thousand seeds is about 40 g; Yannong 19 has excellent yellowing property, high cold and disease resistance, and especially high resistance to Gibberella disease.

2) Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety “Shi 4185”

Shi 4185 was created by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences by convergently crossing Zhi 8094, Baofeng 7228 and Shi 84-7120 using Taigu genic male sterile germplasm and recurrent selection. The Shi 4185 variety underwent successive examination and approval of regional and national varieties in Hebei, Henan, Hotan and Xinjiang in 1997-2001.

Characteristics: variety Shi 4185 is semi-winter, has a medium ripening period; the seedlings are semi-spreading, have a high tillering ability and a high heading speed; plant height about 75 cm; variety Shi 4185 has a compact plant type, uniform ear layer, long awn, white husk and rectangular ears; the length of the ears is about 8 cm; the number of grains in an ear is about 32; weight of a thousand seeds is about 38 g; volumetric weight 790 g/l or more. Shi 4185 is drought tolerant, water-saving and salt-alkali resistant, stripe rust resistant, moderately resistant to leaf rust and weakly resistant to powdery mildew.

3) Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 1": The selection method is shown in Fig. 1;

Shiai 1 was developed by sexually hybridizing the Yannong 19 variety with the Shi 4185 variety using breeding tools combining conventional selection and anther tissue culture, planting anther tissue culture in the F1 generation, and selecting progeny using a directed system.

The hybrid combination was prepared in May 2003; sexual hybridization was carried out by taking the variety "Yannong 19" as the female parent variety and the variety "Shi 4185" as the male parent variety.

Tissue culture inoculation was performed in mid-April 2004; anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto the medium for callus induction; In total, inoculation was carried out in 25 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at 28-30°C; 350 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 4.7%.

Embryos were induced when the callus reached about 10 days of age; embryos were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux; and 45 green embryos were induced. The indexation rate of green embryos was 12.9%, and the production rate of embryos was 0.6%.

When culturing active embryos in test tubes, they were cultured on active germination medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to produce active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves. When the embryos in the test tubes reached 2-3 cm, they were overwintered at low temperatures of 3-5°C for 90-100 days.

Chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting were carried out at the end of November. Tissue culture embryos were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened 10-15 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out to determine the ploidy of chromosomes; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Selection of the H0 generation: The H0 generation was selected before the summer harvest in 2005, with 5 plants being dwarf; the plant type was compact; the ear structure was good; the ears were large and contained many grains. Seeds were selected after harvest; plant height was 44-46 cm; ear length - 8-8.5 cm; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 8-16. The number of grains in one ear was 45-55.

Selection of the H1 generation: 5 individual plants (groups) of the H0 generation, selected in 2005, were planted in rows of cereal crops; a total of 120 rows were planted (as an H1 generation variety); plants were selected according to field performance in 2006; the row zp06-3877-3920 was dwarf, the ears were large, the ear layer was uniform. ear structure is good; the harvested variety was subjected to a yield comparison experiment; and cultivars other than the others were selected as the H2 generation.

H2 Generation Selection: Selected individual cultivars were planted on row zp072-607-730 as the H2 generation in 2007, with row zp072-689-690 performing outstandingly. Meanwhile, the H2 generation was selected as the strain for the yield comparison experiment. The yield per 667 ^m2 was 515.6 kg and the variety was named "Shiai 1".

Characteristics

Winter hardiness and embryo maturation period are equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height when sowing single grain is about 46.6 cm (53 cm in a group); The seedlings are semi-erect, with dark green leaves and excellent cold resistance. As shown in FIG. 2 and 3, the ability to tiller and the rate of fruiting of the ear is high. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 during plot testing can reach 550,000-650,000 units; the number of ears with single grain sowing is 18-28 units; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; Shiai 1 has a long awn, white husk and white grain; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 50 (32-35 in a group); thousand seeds weight 32 g; The protein content of the grain is 16.1%, and the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong with excellent elasticity; the root system is developed; The yellowing property is excellent. It has the properties of dwarfism and high yield: the plant height is about 46.6 cm (50-53 cm in group conditions); high productivity: the number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 550,000-650,000; and control of double dwarf genes: Thanks to the discovery of genes by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shiai 1 contains the double dwarf genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 2 Breeding and breeding method of the variety "Shiai 2"

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety "Gao 8901-11-14"

Gao 8901-11-14 is a new high-quality wheat variety developed by Gaocheng Agricultural Sciences Research Institute by taking Polish wheat as the female parent variety and Linzhang wheat as the male parent variety, carrying out sexual hybridization of the parent varieties and breeding.

Characteristics: the Gao 8901-11-14 variety has average winter hardiness and an average ripening period; semi-spreading seedlings, with high tillering ability and high heading speed; plant height 80 cm; spindle-shaped spike; variety Gao 8901-11-14 has a short awn and white husk; there are fluffs on the grains; Gao grade 8901-11-14 is white grain, hard, resistant to stripe and brown leaf rust, and has excellent yellowing property. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 430,000-450,000; number of grains in an ear - 35; and the weight of a thousand seeds is 38 g.

Protein content 15.75%; lysine content 0.39%; gluten content 36.1%; dough formation time 6.4 minutes; test stability time 29.2 minutes; loaf volume 773 ml; loaf score 83.3 points.

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Liangxing 99"

Liangxing 99 was bred by Dezhou Liangxing Seed Research Institute. The variety was developed based on "Ji 91102/Lumai 14//PH85-16" and was studied and approved in 2004.

Characteristics: Liangxing 99 variety is semi-winter, has an average ripening period; the embryos are semi-erect, have a high tillering ability and a high heading speed; leaves are dark green; plant height about 78 cm; plant type is compact; the flag sheet curls up; the Liangxing 99 variety has spindle-shaped ears, a long awn, white grains and has cutin; The stem is strong, highly elastic and resistant to lodging. Liangxing 99 variety has moderate premature aging and general yellowing property, excellent cold resistance, high resistance to powdery mildew, moderate resistance to slow stripe rust, moderate resistance to stripe sclerotial disease, moderate resistance and high resistance to brown leaf and stem rust. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches about 400,000, the number of grains per ear is about 35.7, and the weight of a thousand seeds is about 40.0 g.

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 2": the selection map is presented in Fig. 4;

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out between "Gao 8901-11-14" as the female parent variety and "Liangxing 99" as the male parent variety in May 2003.

Tissue culture inoculation

In mid-April 2004, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction media; In total, inoculation was carried out in 20 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 366 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 6.1%.

The seedlings were differentiated when the callus reached 10 days of age; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux; 76 green seedlings were induced. The green seedling inoculation rate was 20.7% and the seedling production rate was 1.27%.

When cultivating active seedlings in test tubes, the seedlings were cultivated on active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering of seedlings in test tubes was carried out under low temperature conditions of 3-5°C, when the seedlings in test tubes reached 2-3 cm.

Chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting were carried out at the end of November. The tissue culture of the seedlings was transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C, the seedlings were hardened 10-15 days before transplantation; then a microscopic examination was carried out to determine the ploidy of chromosomes; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual varieties or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as an H1 generation strain in the fall of 2006; The planting row number was ZP07-0091-0295, for a total of 205 rows. The ZP07-220-245 variety had such advantages as dwarfism, abundance of ears, large ears, disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniform ear layer. The two best varieties, ZP07-225 and ZP07-241, were selected. The following year, an experiment was conducted to compare yields. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 2"; and the best individual varieties were selected in 2007 and improved for identification and selection at the evaluation nursery in 2008.

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 5 and 6. The variety has average winter hardiness, a medium-late ripening period and has the property of dwarfism; the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Liangxing 99"; plant height is about 54 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; The variety has high cold resistance and high disease resistance, high tillering ability and high heading level. As a result of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 450,000-500,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-26; the ear layer is relatively uniform; conical ears; the grains are fluffy; The awn is long, the husk is white, the grains are white; the grains are oblong, bulky and with good shine; the number of grains per ear is about 50 (34-38 grains per group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 35 g. The variety is relatively loose in plant type, strong in the stem, elastic, with a developed root system and average yellowing property. The protein content in the grain is 15.5%, the gluten content is about 35%, the composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits is 1, 5+12 and 7+8. Control of double dwarf genes: Thanks to the detection of genes by Chinese Academy of Sciences KASP markers, Shiai 2 contains double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 3 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 3"

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety “Shijiazhuang 8”

Shijiazhuang 8 is a new winter wheat variety with the advantages of water conservation, high yield, cold tolerance, disease resistance and excellent yellowing property, developed by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences by using Shi 91-5065 as the female parent variety and Shi 9306 (Jimai 38) as a male parent variety and carrying out continuous alternate directive selection for many years in different places.

Characteristics: semi-winter variety Shijiazhuang 8 is also mid-ripening, has semi-spreading seedlings, has a high tillering ability, high yield of ears per 667 ^m2 , cold-resistant, drought-resistant, moderately resistant to stripe rust, highly resistant to brown leaf rust and powdery mildew, resistant to dry hot wind and excellent in the ripening phase. Plant height is about 75 cm; high strength stem; the spine is short; spindle-shaped cobs; the length of each cob is about 8 cm; the number of grains in the cob is about 32; and the variety has white grains and cutina, has bulk grain and good gloss, and has a thousand seed weight of about 45 g and a bulk weight of 795 g/l.

Selection and characteristics of the parent variety “Shiai 1”

Shiai 1 is a new dwarf wheat germplasm bred by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

Characteristics: Shiai 1 is a winter variety, the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185", the plant height is about 46.6 cm (55 cm in group conditions), has semi-erect seedlings, dark green leaves, has high cold resistance, high tillering ability and high heading speed. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; Shiai 1 has a long awn, white husk and white grain; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in group conditions); thousand seed weight 32-34 g; The protein content in the grain is 16.1%, the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property.

Selection and characteristics of "Shiai 3": The selection map is shown in Fig. 7;

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out with "Shijiazhuang 8" serving as the female parent variety and "Shiai 1" serving as the male parent variety in May 2008.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2009, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction media; In total, inoculation was carried out in 25 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 252 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 3.36%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; 45 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 17.85%, and the level of seedling production was 0.6%.

Cultivation of active seedlings in test tubes: The seedlings in test tubes were cultivated in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: The seedlings in the test tubes were overwintered at a low temperature of 3-5°C, when the seedlings in the test tubes grew to 2-3 cm.

Chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting: at the end of November 2009, seedlings in test tubes were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 10-15 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled by colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual plants or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as an H1 generation strain in the fall of 2010; The planting row number was ZP11-0125-0285, with a total of 160 rows. The variety ZP11-125-136 had advantages such as dwarfism, abundance of ears, large ears, disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniform ear layer. The two best varieties ZP11-134 and ZP11-136 were selected. The following year, an experiment was conducted to compare yields. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 3"; and the best individual plants were selected in 2011 and improved for identification and selection in the evaluation nursery in 2012.

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 8, 9 and 10. The variety is semi-winter, has medium-late ripening and dwarf properties; the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 48 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; The variety is cold and disease resistant, has moderate tillering ability and excellent leaf type. The heads of the ears are larger; the number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches about 400,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 15-20; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; excellent yellowing properties; the ear layer is homogeneous; ears are rectangular; this variety of wheat has a long awn, white husk and white grains; grains are bulk, with good shine; the number of grains per ear is about 40 (34-38 grains per group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 42 g. The protein content in the grains is 13.5%, the gluten content is about 30.1%. Thanks to gene identification using KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shiai 3 variety contains double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 4 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 4"

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety "Shi 4185"

Shi 4185 was created by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences by convergently crossing Zhi 8094, Baofeng 7228 and Shi 84-7120 using Taigu genic male sterile germplasm and performing recurrent selection. The Shi 4185 variety has successively passed the examination and approval of regional and national varieties in Hebei, Henan and Hotan, Xinjiang in 1997-2001.

Characteristics: Shi 4185 is semi-winter, has an average ripening period; semi-spreading seedlings, with high tillering ability and high heading speed; plant height about 75 cm; plant type is compact; Shi 4185 has a compact plant type, uniform ear layer, long awn, white husk and rectangular ears; the length of the ears is about 8 cm; the number of grains in an ear is about 32; weight of a thousand seeds is about 38 g; volumetric weight 790 g/l or more.

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 1": Shiai 1 was developed by sexually hybridizing the variety Yannong 19 and the variety Shi 4185 using breeding tools combining conventional selection and anther tissue culture, sowing anther tissue culture in the F1 generation and selecting the progeny according to directional system.

The embryos are winter hardy; the embryo ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 46.6 cm (55 cm in a group); The seedlings are semi-erect, with dark green leaves and excellent cold resistance. Tillering ability is high, heading speed is high. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; the sprouts have a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in a group); weight of a thousand seeds is 32-34 g; The protein content of the grain is 16.1% and the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property.

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 4", the selection map is shown in Fig. eleven.

Shiai 4 was developed by sexually hybridizing Shi 4185 and Shiai 1 using selection means combining conventional selection and anther tissue culture, performing anther tissue culture seeding in the F1 generation and selecting progeny using a directed system.

The selection and main characteristics of each generation are as follows:

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out using “Shi 4185” as the female parent variety and “Shiai 1” as the male parent variety in May 2008.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2009, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction media; In total, inoculation was carried out in 25 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 284 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 3.79%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; 68 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 23.9%, and the level of seedling production was 0.91%.

Cultivation of active seedlings in vitro: Seedlings were cultured in vitro on active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: When the seedlings from the test tube grew to 2-3 cm, they were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C.

Chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting: at the end of November 2009, the seedlings from the test tube were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 10-15 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled by colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual plants or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as an H1 generation strain in the fall of 2010; The landing row number was ZP11-0300-0406, there were 106 rows in total. The variety ZP11-325-336 had such advantages as dwarfism; abundance of ears, the ears themselves are large; the variety had disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniformity of the ear layer. The top three varieties such as ZP11-325, ZP11-330 and ZP11-328 were selected. The following year, an experiment was conducted to compare yields. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 4"; and the best individual plants were selected in 2011 and improved for identification and selection in the evaluation nursery in 2012.

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 12 and 13. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by medium-late ripening and dwarfism; the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 55 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; The variety has high cold resistance and disease resistance, high tillering ability and high heading speed. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 450,000-500,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 16-24; the layer of ears is moderately homogeneous; ears are rectangular; wheat of this variety has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are round, pourable and with good shine; the number of grains per ear is about 40 (33-35 in groups); weight of a thousand seeds is about 38 g. Plant type - moderately compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; yellowing property is excellent. The quality is high; The protein content in the grains is 16.2%, gluten - 35.3%, plasticity - 167, and sedimentation index - 36.2 ml. Thanks to gene identification by KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shiai 4 variety is controlled by double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 5 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 5"

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety "Yannong 19"

Yannong 19 is a high-quality strong gluten wheat variety developed by the Wheat Research Institute of Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences by selecting Yan 1933 as the female parent variety and Shan 82-29 as the male parent variety, and performing pedigree selection. The Yannong 19 variety was studied and approved by the Shandong Varietal Research and Approval Committee in 2001.

Characteristics: the variety is winter-hardy; semi-spreading seedlings; leaves curl upward; plant height about 75 cm; tillering coefficient is high; medium-sized ears; the number of grains per ear is about 40. Yannong 19 has rectangular ears, long awn, white husk, white grains and cutin, has round grains and a thousand seed weight of about 36 g, has high resistance to disease and drought and moderate cold resistance.

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 1": Shiai 1 was developed by sexually hybridizing the variety Yannong 19 and the variety Shi 4185 using breeding tools combining conventional selection and anther tissue culture, sowing anther tissue culture for the F1 generation and selecting the progeny according to directional system.

The embryo is winter-hardy; the embryo ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 46.6 cm (55 cm in groups); The seedlings are semi-erect, the leaves are dark green, the variety has excellent cold resistance. Tillering ability is high, heading speed is high. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; the embryo has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in groups); weight of a thousand seeds is 32-34 g; The protein content in the grain is 16.1%, the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property.

Selection and characterization of "Shiai 5": the selection map is shown in Fig. 14.

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out by taking "Yannong 19" as the female parent variety and "Shiai 1" as the male parent variety in May 2008.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2009, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated into callus induction medium; In total, inoculation was carried out in 10 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 150 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 203 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 13.5%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; 34 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 16.75%, and the level of seedling production was 2.27%.

In vitro cultivation of active seedlings: In vitro seedlings were cultured in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active shoots with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: When the seedlings in the test tube grew to 2-3 cm, they were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C.

Chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting: at the end of November 2009, seedlings from a test tube were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 10-15 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled by colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual plants or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as an H1 generation strain in the fall of 2010; The landing row number was ZP11-, a total of 160 rows. The ZP11-125-136 series had such advantages as dwarfism, abundance of ears, large ears, disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniform ear layer. The two best varieties ZP11-134 and ZP11-136 were selected. A year later, an experiment was conducted to compare yields. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 5".

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 15 and 16. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by medium-late ripening and dwarfism; ripening period is 1-2 days later than the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 54 cm (60 cm in a group); seedlings are semi-erect; The variety has cold and disease resistance, as well as medium tillering ability, good leaf type and larger ear heads. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 400,000-450,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 15-20; the ear layer is homogeneous; ears are rectangular; wheat of this variety has a long awn, white husks and white grains; the grains are pourable and have a good shine; the number of grains per ear is about 45 (34-38 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 42 g. The stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing properties. The protein content in the grain is 14.53%, gluten - 32.9%, plasticity - 150, and sedimentation - 31.24 ml. Thanks to gene identification by KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shiai 5 variety is controlled by the double dwarf genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 6 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 6"

Selection and characteristics of male parent variety "Shiai 1": Shiai 1 is a new germplasm of dwarf wheat developed by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry.

Characteristics: the embryo is winter-hardy; the embryo ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 46.6 cm (55 cm in a group); The seedlings are semi-spreading, with dark green leaves and excellent cold resistance. Tillering ability is high, heading speed is high. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; the embryo has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in groups); weight of a thousand seeds is 32-34 g; The protein content in the grain is 16.1%, the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing properties.

Selection and characteristics of the variety "Yannong 19": Yannong 19 is a high-quality wheat variety with strong gluten, bred by the Wheat Research Institute of the Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences based on the female parent variety Yan 1933 and the male parent variety Shan 82-29 by pedigree selection. The Yannong 19 variety was studied and approved by the Shandong Varietal Research and Approval Committee in 2001.

Characteristics: the variety is winter-hardy; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves curl upward; plant height is about 81 cm. The variety is distinguished by its high tillering ability and high heading speed. Medium sized ears; the number of grains per ear is about 40. Yannong 19 has rectangular ears, long awn, white husk, white grains and cutin, round grains, thousand seeds weight is about 36 g, has high resistance to disease, drought and moderate cold resistance.

Selection and characteristics of "Shiai 6": the selection map is shown in Fig. 17.

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out by taking the variety "Shiai 1" as the female parent variety and the variety "Yannong 19" as the male parent variety in May 2008.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2009, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction media; a total of 1056 anther units were inoculated.

Callus induction: induced callus was cultured in the dark at 28°C; 174 calli were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 16.48%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; and 40 groups of green seedlings were induced. The differentiation level of green seedlings was 23.00%, and the production level was 3.79%.

In vitro cultivation of active seedlings: In vitro seedlings were cultured in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: when the seedlings in the test tube grew to 2-3 cm, they were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C,

Chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting: at the end of November 2009, the seedlings in vitro were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 10-15 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled by colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual plants or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as an H1 generation strain in the fall of 2010; The landing row number was ZP11-0546-0679, for a total of 134 rows. The variety ZP11-0553-0576 had such advantages as dwarfism, abundance of ears, large ears, disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniform ear layer. One best variety, ZP11-0555, was selected. The next year's yield comparison experiment was improved. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as a dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 6"; and in 2011, the best individual plants were selected and improved for identification and selection in the 2012 evaluation nursery.

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 18. The variety has average winter hardiness, medium-late ripening and dwarfism; the ripening period is 2 days longer than that of the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 56 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; The variety has high cold resistance and disease resistance, as well as a high tillering ability. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 400,000-450,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 15-26; the ear layer is generally homogeneous; ears are rectangular; the wheat variety has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are pourable and have a good shine; the number of grains in an ear is up to 50 (35-40 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 42 g. The plant is moderately compact, the stem is strong and elastic, the root system is developed, and the yellowing property is excellent. The protein content of the grains is 13.9%, gluten - 30%, plasticity - 149.8, and sedimentation index - 28.8 ml. Thanks to the identification of genes by KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shiai 6 contains double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 7 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 7"

Selection and Characterization of the Female Parent Variety "Shimai 15": Shimai 15 was obtained by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences and Institute of Plant Physiology of Hebei Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1997 by conducting sexual hybridization between Jimai 38 as the female parent variety and 92R137 as the male parent variety , backcrossing the F1 generation using Jimai 38 as the male parent variety using rapid propagation and selection technology, continuous backcrossing for 4 generations, and conducting continuous directed field sampling for 3 years at different locations.

Characteristics: semi-winter variety, characterized by a mid-late ripening period. Seedlings are semi-spreading, with average tillering ability and higher heading speed; plant height 70 cm; spindle-shaped ears; the variety has a short awn, white husk and white and hard grain; the average number of ears per 667 m ² is 358,000; number of grains per ear - 33.6; weight of a thousand seeds - 42.9 g. The results of determining cold resistance in 2009 were as follows: level of cold damage - 2; level of overwintered stem - 99.2%; the level of dead stems is 0.8%. The results of identifying cold resistance in 2010 were as follows: level of cold damage - 5, level of overwintered stems - 97.9%, level of dead stems - 2.1%. The identification results of disease resistance by artificial inoculation conducted by Tianjin Plant Protection Research Institute were as follows: moderate resistance to powdery mildew (MR), high susceptibility to leaf rust (HS), and slow resistance to stripe rust (SR). Determination by the Center for Control and Testing of Grain and Product Quality (Harbin) of the Ministry of Agriculture: volumetric weight 784 g/l; crude protein content 13.25%; gluten content 27.3%, sedimentation rate 19.5 ml; water absorption rate - 59.4%, dough formation time 2.0 minutes; test stability time 1.2 minutes; degree of attenuation 234 FU; estimated value 28; maximum tensile strength 95 EU; elongation 12.4 cm; energy 15.3 sq. cm and hardness index 68.6.

Breeding and characteristics of the female variety "Shannong 20": Shannong 20 (original code Shannong 05-066) is a stable, high-yielding new wheat variety developed by Shandong Agricultural University through sexual hybridization of variety PH82-2-2, serving as the female parent variety, and variety 954072, serving as a male parent variety, combined with pedigree-based and molecular marker-assisted selection. Shannong 20 variety participated in preliminary trials in the south of Huanghuai District in 2006-2007, national regional trials and production trials in 2007-2009, completed the testing procedures in 2010, and passed the national examination and approval (examination and approval number: GSM2010006) .

Characteristics: semi-winter variety, characterized by a mid-late ripening period; The ripening period is on average 1 day longer than that of the control variety Shi 4185. The seedlings are semi-spreading and have a high tillering ability. According to regional field testing, the variety has high winter hardiness and cold resistance. The variety has high development in spring, rapid differentiation, slightly late booting, a large number of ears per 667 ^m2 and a uniform ear layer. Plant height is 78 cm, the plant type is compact, the flag leaf curls upward, the leaf is dark green. Resistance to lodging is high. Late ripening and yellowing properties are normal. Spikelets are spindle-shaped; the variety has a long awn, white husk and bulk grain shell. The number of ears per 667 m ² is 433,000; number of grains per ear - 35.1; weight of a thousand seeds - 41.4 g. Determination of cold resistance: low. Definition of disease resistance: high susceptibility to Gibberella disease and banded sclerotial wilt, moderate susceptibility to powdery mildew, slow susceptibility to stripe rust, and moderate resistance to brown leaf rust. The results of quality determination in 2009 and 2010 were as follows: volumetric weight of grain 828 g/l and 808 g/l; hardness index 67.6 (2009); protein content 13.53% and 13.3%; gluten content 30.3% and 29.7%; sedimentation indicators 30.3 ml and 28 ml; water absorption 64.1% and 59.8%; test stability time 3.2 minutes and 2.9 minutes; maximum tensile strength 256 EU and 266 EU; elongation 133 mm and 148 mm; stretching area 47 sq. cm and 56 sq. cm.

The selection and main characteristics of each generation are as follows: The selection map is shown as 191.

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out by taking "Shimai 15" as the female parent variety and "Shannong 20" as the male parent variety in May 2010.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2011, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated into callus induction medium; In total, inoculation was carried out in 25 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 340 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 4.5%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux; and 45 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 12.9%, and the level of seedling production was 0.6%.

In vitro cultivation of active seedlings: In vitro seedlings were cultured in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: When the seedlings in the test tube grew to 2-3 cm, they were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C.

Chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting: at the end of November, the seedlings in vitro were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 7 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: The H0 generation was sampled before the summer harvest in 2012, with 6 plants having a dwarf, compact plant type, high disease resistance and good ear structure. Seeds were selected after harvest; plant height was 45-49 cm; the length of each ear is 7.5-8 cm; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 8-16; the number of grains per ear is 40-52.

Selection of the H1 generation: 5 individual plants (bushes) of the H0 generation, selected in 2012, were planted in ear rows; a total of 120 rows were planted (as an H1 generation strain); plants were selected according to field performance in 2013; variety H13-001-020 was dwarf, uniform in ear layer, had good ear structure, high disease resistance (immunity to powdery mildew) and excellent yellowing properties. The harvested variety H13-017 was subjected to a yield comparison experiment; and the best individual plants were selected as the H2 generation.

H2 generation selection: Selected individual plants were planted in the H2 generation row H14-207-230 in 2014, where H14-207-212 of the selected strain H13-017 had outstanding performance. Meanwhile, H13-017, which was identified in the yield comparison experiment, had high comprehensive tillering ability under group conditions, high ear fruiting rate, high disease resistance, uniform ear layer and excellent comprehensive performance. The yield from 667 ^m2 reached 525.8 kg and was equal to the yield of the neighboring control. Meanwhile, the research team determined the water conservation and drought resistance performance of the H2 generation. The results showed that the strain has a developed root system and excellent drought resistance, as well as a certain tolerance to soil and atmospheric drought. Thus, the strain was named "Shiai 7".

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 20. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by medium-late ripening and dwarfism; the ripening period is 1 day higher than that of the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 48 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; the variety has high cold resistance, increased resistance to diseases (weak manifestation of powdery mildew with natural field identification, belonging to a highly resistant type), high tillering ability and high heading speed. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 450,000-500,000; the number of ears for single grain planting is 16-24; the layer of ears is relatively uniform; spindle-shaped ears; the wheat variety has a long awn, white husk, white grains; the grains have a good shine; the number of grains in an ear reaches about 38 (30-33 under group conditions); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 45 g. The plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property. The protein content of the grains is 14.54%, the gluten content is 31.7%, the plasticity is 145.8, and the sedimentation index is 33 ml. Thanks to the identification of genes by KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shiai 7 variety includes double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 8 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 8"

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety "Shi H083-366"

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 1":

Shiai 1 is a new dwarf wheat germplasm bred by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

Characteristics: Shiai 1 has winter hardiness, ripening period equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185", plant height of about 46.6 cm (55 cm per group), semi-erect seedlings, dark green leaves, high cold resistance, high tillering ability and high speed heading. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain planting is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; Shiai 1 has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in a group); thousand seed weight 32-34 g; The protein content in the grain is 16.1%, the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing properties.

Breeding and characteristics of "Shiai 8": the selection map is shown in Fig. 21.

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out with "H083-366" as the female parent variety and "Shiai 1" as the male parent variety in May 2010.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2011, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction media; In total, inoculation was carried out in 30 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at 28-30°C; 155 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 1.7%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux; 32 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 20.6%, and the level of seedling production was 0.36%.

Cultivation of active seedlings in test tubes: The seedlings in test tubes were grown in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: When the seedlings in the test tubes grew to 2-3 cm, the seedlings in the test tubes were overwintered at a low temperature of 3-5°C,

Chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting: at the end of November 2011, seedlings in test tubes were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 7 days before transplanting; then microscopic examination of chromosomal ploidy was carried out; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted on the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation.

Field sampling: individual plants or individual ears of the collected H0 generation were planted in the field as the H1 generation strain in the fall of 2012; The landing row number was H13-0195-0255, with a total of 60 rows. The variety H13-0240-0255 had the advantages of dwarfism, abundant heading, large ears, disease resistance, excellent ear structure and uniform ear layer. The two best varieties H13-245 and H13-246 were selected. The next year's yield comparison experiment was improved. Meanwhile, the H1 generation strain serving as the main strain was selected as dwarf germplasm and named "Shiai 8".

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 22 and 23. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by a mid-late ripening period and dwarfism; the ripening period is 1-2 days longer than that of the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 45 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; the variety has green leaves, high cold and disease resistance (immunity to powdery mildew through natural field identification), high tillering ability and high heading speed. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 450,000; the number of ears for single-grain planting is 16-25; the ear layer is homogeneous; ears are rectangular; wheat of this variety has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains have a good shine; the number of grains in an ear reaches about 40 (33-35 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 48 g. The plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property. The protein content of the grains is 14.36%, the gluten content is 32.52%, the plasticity is 142.3, and the sedimentation rate is 31 ml. Thanks to the identification of genes by KASP markers of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Shiai 8 variety contains double dwarf genes such as Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b.

Embodiment 9 Breeding and breeding method "Shiai 9"

Selection and characteristics of the male parent variety "Shiai 1":

Shiai 1 is a new dwarf wheat germplasm bred by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

Characteristics: Shiai 1 has winter hardiness, a ripening period equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185", a plant height of about 46.6 cm (55 cm in group conditions), semi-erect seedlings and dark green leaves, high cold resistance, high tillering ability and high heading speed. According to the results of plot experiments, the number of ears per 667 ^m2 can reach 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 18-28; the layer of ears is uniform; the ears are rectangular and have excellent structure; small ears are densely spaced; Shiai 1 has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are oval, pourable, with good gloss and high strength; the number of grains in an ear is large and reaches about 55 (32-35 in a group); thousand seed weight 32-34 g; The protein content in the grain is 16.1%, the gluten content is 37%. The flag sheet curls up; plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property.

Selection and characteristics of "Shiai 9": The selection method is shown in Fig. 24.

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out with "Heng 2011-5007" as the female parent variety and "Shiai 1" as the male parent variety in May 2013.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2014, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction medium; In total, inoculation was carried out in 12 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 90 callus units were induced; the callus induction ratio was 2.5%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; 30 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 33%, and the level of seedling production was 0.83%.

In vitro cultivation of active seedlings: In vitro seedlings were cultured in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to produce active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: When the seedlings from the test tube grew to 2-3 cm, they were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C.

Chromosome reduplication and transplantation and planting: at the end of November, the seedlings from the test tube were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 7 days before transplanting; then a microscopic examination was carried out for chromosomal ploidy; the chromosome number of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted in a protected area of the greenhouse as the H0 generation;

Field sampling of the H0 generation: The H0 generation was sampled before summer harvest in 2015, with 10 plants having dwarf ears, excellent plant type structure, high disease resistance, large ears and good ear structure. Seeds were selected after harvest; plant height was 47-50 cm; the length of each ear is 8.5-9 cm; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 12-16; the number of grains per ear is 45-50.

Selection of the H1 generation: 10 individual plants (bushes) of the H0 generation, selected in 2016, were planted in rows of cereal crops; a total of 80 rows were planted (as an H1 generation strain); plants were selected according to field performance in 2016; Row H16-1099-3 and row H16-1100-3 were dwarf, uniform in ear layer, with good ear structure, high disease resistance and excellent yellowing property. The harvested variety was subjected to a yield comparison experiment; and the best plants were selected as H2 for further identification.

In 2017, strain H16-1099-3, subjected to a yield comparison experiment, showed outstanding results. The yield from 667 ^m2 amounted to 535.8 kg and was equal to the neighboring control. In addition, the variety was dwarf, large in ear, resistant to disease, high-yielding and with a uniform ear layer. Thus, the variety was named "Shiai 9".

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 25. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by medium-late ripening and dwarfism; the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 50 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; the variety has high cold resistance, increased resistance to diseases (weak manifestation of powdery mildew with natural field identification, belonging to a highly resistant type) and high tillering ability. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 400,000-450,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 15-22; the ear layer is relatively uniform; spindle-shaped ears; wheat of this variety has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains have a good shine; the number of grains in an ear reaches about 45-50 (35-40 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 45 g. The plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing properties. The protein content of the grain is 15.1%, the gluten content is 32.3%, the plasticity is 153.2, and the sedimentation index is 28.6 ml.

Embodiment 10 "Shiai 10" selection

Selection and characteristics of the female parent variety "Shiai 6": "Shiai 6" is semi-winter, characterized by medium-late ripening and dwarfism; the ripening period is 2 days longer than that of the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height about 56 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; The variety has high cold resistance and disease resistance and a high tillering ability. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 400,000-450,000; the number of ears for single grain planting is 15-26; the ear layer is generally homogeneous; ears are rectangular; wheat of this variety has a long awn, white husk and white grains; the grains are pourable and have a good shine; the number of grains per ear is about 50 (35-40 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 42 g. The compactness of the plants is moderate, the stem is strong and elastic, the root system is developed, and the yellowing property is excellent. The protein content in the grain is 13.9%, gluten - 30%, plasticity - 149.8, and sedimentation index - 28.8 ml.

Breeding and characteristics of male parent variety "H083-366": "H083-366" is a high-yielding disease-resistant new germ of winter wheat with strong stem, developed by Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences by using "Shi 03-4391" as the female parent variety, "Shi B03-5455" as a male parent variety and sowing anther tissue culture in the F1 generation.

Characteristics: variety "H083-366" is semi-winter and characterized by a mid-late ripening period; semi-spreading seedlings; bushiness is higher; the number of ears is 667 ^m2 more. The height of the plant is about 78 cm; the stem has excellent elasticity, strength and resistance to lodging. The variety "H083-366" has excellent leaf type, excellent yellowing properties and high yield. Disease resistance: immunity to powdery mildew; resistance to stripe rust, brown leaf rust and leaf spot; and insect resistance: low incidence of aphids and resistance to Sitodiplosis mosellana.

(3) Selection and characteristics of "Shiai 10": The selection method is shown in Fig. 26;

Preparation of hybrid combination: Sexual hybridization was carried out with "Shiai 6" serving as the female parent variety and "H083-366" serving as the male parent variety in May 2011.

Tissue culture inoculation: in mid-April 2012, anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation were inoculated onto callus induction medium; In total, inoculation was carried out in 24 flasks; Each flask was inoculated with 300–400 anther units.

Induced callus was cultured in the dark at a temperature of 28-30°C; 300 callus units were induced; the callus induction coefficient was 4.2%.

Seedling differentiation: Seedlings were differentiated when the callus was about 10 days old; seedlings were cultured on differentiated seedling medium at 25°C and light intensity of 1000 lux; 23 groups of green seedlings were induced. The level of differentiation of green seedlings was 11.5%, and the level of seedling production was 0.32%.

In vitro seedling cultivation: In vitro seedlings were cultured in active seedling medium supplemented with paclobutrazol to obtain active seedlings with a large number of roots, shoots and green leaves.

Overwintering: The seedlings in vitro were overwintered in low temperature conditions of 3-5°C when they grew to 2-3 cm.

Chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting: at the end of November, seedlings from a test tube were transplanted into a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; seedlings were hardened for 7 days before transplanting; then microscopic examination of chromosomal ploidy was carried out; the number of chromosomes of a haploid plant was doubled using colchicine; the plants were transplanted and planted in the protected soil of the greenhouse as the H0 generation;

Sampling of the H0 generation in the field: The H0 generation was sampled before the summer harvest in 2013, with 6 plants having a dwarf, compact plant type, high disease resistance and good ear structure. Seeds were selected after harvest; plant height was 46-48 cm; the length of each ear is 8-8.5 cm; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 8-18; the number of grains per ear is 43-45.

Selection of the H1 generation: 5 individual plants (bushes) of the H0 generation, selected in 2014, were planted in rows of cereal crops; a total of 120 rows were planted (as an H1 generation variety); plants were selected according to field characteristics in 2014; series H14-025-040 was dwarf, with a uniform ear layer, good ear structure and excellent yellowing property. The best individual plants were selected as H2.

H2 generation selection: selected individual plants were planted on H2 generation row H15-107-160 in 2015, where rows H15-158 and H15-207 had outstanding characteristics and featured high complex tillering ability, high heading speed, high disease resistance , uniform ear layer and excellent complex characteristics.

H3 generation selection: Selected individual plants were planted on the H3 generation row H16-3001-3008 in 2016, where the H16-3005 row had outstanding performance and had high complex tillering ability, high heading speed, high disease resistance, uniform ear layer and an excellent complex sign. The H3 generation was subjected to a yield comparison experiment. In the yield comparison experiment, the yield of H16-3005 at 667 ^m2 reached 533.6 kg and was increased by 3.85% compared to the adjacent control. Meanwhile, H16-3005 had excellent comprehensive traits and high yield, was dwarf and large-grained, with a thousand seed weight of 54g, and had outstanding advantages in seed use. Generation H3 was selected as a large-grained dwarf resource, had the nursery number "H16-3005" and was named "Shiai 10".

The main characteristics of the variety are described in Fig. 27 and 28. The variety is semi-winter, characterized by an average ripening period and dwarfism; the ripening period is equivalent to the control variety "Shi 4185"; plant height is about 47 cm; seedlings are semi-erect; leaves are dark green; the variety has high cold resistance, increased resistance to diseases (weak manifestation of powdery mildew through natural field identification, belonging to a highly resistant type), high tillering ability and high heading speed. The number of ears per 667 ^m2 reaches 500,000-600,000; the number of ears for single grain sowing is 16-30; the layer of ears is relatively uniform; spindle-shaped ears; this variety of wheat has a long awn, white husk, white grains; the grains have a good shine; the number of grains per ear reaches about 40 (30-33 in a group); the weight of a thousand seeds is about 54 g. The plant type is compact; the stem is strong and elastic; the root system is developed; Excellent yellowing property. The protein content of the grain is 13.76%, the gluten content is 29.8%, the plasticity is 149.1, and the sedimentation is 28.4 ml.

Each embodiment is referred to sequentially in the description. The difference of each embodiment from each other is the main topic of explanation. Like parts in all embodiments may be related to each other.

The above description of the disclosed embodiments will enable those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Many modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principle defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown here, but will fall within the broadest scope consistent with the principle and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (12)

1. A method for obtaining offspring of dwarf winter wheat, including the selection of high-quality parental varieties for hybridization, sowing anther culture, chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting on the F1 generation and selection of morphological indicators of cold resistance, physiological indicators and economic indicators of the offspring in accordance with the standards before obtaining the offspring , corresponding to the signs of dwarfism. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the screening indicators for high-quality parent varieties include agronomic traits, disease resistance, cold tolerance, economic indicators and quality traits. 3. The method according to claim 1, where the selected parent varieties are identified by the KASP marker method and contain at least 1 pair of dwarf alleles. 4. The method according to claim 1, in which sowing the anther culture for the F1 generation includes: 1) callus induction: inoculation of anthers of young ears of the F1 hybrid generation into the medium for callus induction; In total, inoculation is carried out in 25 flasks, 300-400 units of anthers are inoculated in each flask and the cultures are placed in a dark place at 28-30°C for callus induction; 2) cultivation of differentiated embryos: to obtain embryos and induce green seedlings, differentiated embryos are cultivated in a medium for differentiated seedlings at a temperature of 25°C and a light intensity of 1000 lux when the callus is 9-12 days old; 3) cultivation of active embryos in vitro: cultivation of active embryos on a nutrient medium with the addition of paclobutrazol for 10-15 days to obtain embryos in vitro; 4) overwintering: after the embryos in the test tube grow to 2-3 cm, the embryos are overwintered in the test tube in a low-temperature environment at 3-5°C for 90 -100 days to obtain a tissue culture of the embryos. 5. The method according to claim 4, where chromosome reduplication, transplantation and planting are carried out as follows: seedlings are hardened 10-15 days before transplantation; the tissue culture of the embryos is transplanted and planted in a greenhouse at a temperature reduced to 6°C; then a microscopic examination of chromosomal ploidy is carried out; The chromosome number of a haploid plant is doubled with colchicine and seeds are selected as the H0 generation. 6. The method according to claim 5, in which the root tips or growing points of haploid plants are treated with colchicine 4/10000 for 8 hours to obtain normal diploid plants. 7. The method according to claim 6, where the H0 generation is treated with water and fertilizers, namely: after planting, 15 kg of urea + 20 kg of diammonium phosphate + 5 kg of potassium chloride are added to an area of 667 ^m2 ; then fertilizing is carried out from the germination stage to the tillering stage in the amount of 15 kg of urea for every 667 m ² and 5 times during the stages of germination, tillering, stemming and milk ripening, watering is carried out with a sufficient amount of water to ensure soil moisture, and the volume of watering each time exceeds or equal to 50 m ³ . 8. The method according to claim 1, where the selection of morphological indicators of cold resistance, physiological indicators and economic indicators in accordance with the standards is carried out as follows: plant height for the H0 generation, the H1 generation and the H2 generation is less than or equal to 65 cm; plant type compact or reduced; the stem is elastic; the leaf is thinned or reduced and rectangular, or fusiform, or rod-shaped; the number of ears of one plant is greater than or equal to 16; the level of homogeneity of the ear layer is 1-2; the number of grains in an ear is greater than or equal to 40; the mass of a thousand seeds is greater than or equal to 35 g; the grains are poured and have a good shine; filling level 1; cuticle level is greater than or equal to 70%; the development stage is no more than 240 days; further yellowing property is excellent; maturation level 1-2; the level of cold damage of overwintered leaves is less than or equal to 3, and cold resistance is higher than or equal to national control varieties; Disease resistance is as follows: moderate or better resistance to stripe rust and brown leaf rust; high resistance or immunity to powdery mildew; moderate or higher resistance to Gibberella disease and resistance to leaf spot; protein content greater than or equal to 13%; gluten content greater than or equal to 30%; dough stability time is greater than or equal to 3 minutes; and the KASP marker detects 1 or more than 1 pair of dwarf alleles.