CN112753564A - Breeding method of high-quality two-line sterile line of rice - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-quality two-line sterile line of rice Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The application relates to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding, and particularly discloses a method for breeding a high-quality two-line sterile line of rice. The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice comprises the following steps: 1) sowing the rice seeds in a first breeding land, transplanting and transplanting; 2) observing the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition of the transplanted and transplanted single plant, screening the single plant according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition, eliminating the selected fertile single plant, and screening out sterile single plants; 3) planting the sterile single plants screened out in the step 2) in a second breeding land, and screening out single plants which cannot fruit; 4) in the first breeding field or the second breeding field, the single plant which can not fruit is directionally hybridized with the stress-resistant variety, planted and tested from the high generation to obtain the sterile line. The sterile line obtained by breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line breeding method of the rice has better quality and yield increasing performance.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of hybrid rice breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a high-quality two-line sterile line of rice.
Background
With the increasing importance of the country on the grain seed industry, the seed production industry of various grain crops can be rapidly developed. The rice is the most important grain crop, the main mode of rice breeding is cross breeding, the research on the cross breeding rice goes through the course of half a century in China, the accumulated yield of the rice is increased by over 7000 hundred million kilograms, and the important contribution is made to the grain safety.
The male sterile line plays an important role in the aspects of hybrid seed production of rice and agricultural yield improvement, so the breeding of the sterile line is very important for crop breeding and agricultural production. Compared with the three-line method, the two-line method is not limited by the relationship of restoration and conservation, the group matching is free, and the hybrid variety with excellent properties can be obtained more easily. In recent years, two-line hybrid rice has become more widely used in agricultural production.
The Chinese patent application with application publication number CN111543312A discloses a method for breeding a two-line sterile line of green-transformed new-leaf etiolation hybrid rice, which comprises the following steps: 1) hybridizing a green-transformed new-leaf etiolated variety serving as a male parent and a superior two-line sterile line rice variety serving as a female parent to obtain F1 generation seeds; 2) the F1 generation is continuously backcrossed with the rice variety of the excellent two-line sterile line to obtain BC1F1 generation seeds; 3) observing and selecting each leaf of a main stem and tillering in a BC1F1 generation segregation population as a plant which is early-stage yellow and turns green from yellow to green from the leaf tip to the leaf base along with the expansion of the leaf; 4) treating the selected plants at low temperature in the young ears of the main ears, performing pollen microscopic examination after ear emergence, eliminating fertile plants, keeping abortive plants for cutting and regenerating, and transferring regenerated plants to normal conditions for growth after low temperature treatment to obtain seeds; 5) the obtained seeds are selected for multiple generations continuously, and two-line sterile lines which stably express the green-turning type new leaf yellowing character and have excellent agronomic characters are selected for observing fertility, rice quality, resistance and combining ability, so that the hybrid rice two-line sterile line with the green-turning type new leaf yellowing marker character is obtained.
Aiming at the related technologies, the inventors consider that the sterile line obtained by the breeding method of the sterile line has limited improvement on the rice yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the yield increasing performance of the sterile line, the application provides a breeding method of a high-quality two-line sterile line of rice.
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding a high-quality two-line sterile line of rice comprises the following steps:
1) sowing the rice seeds in a first breeding land, and transplanting seedlings 12-18 days after sowing;
the latitude of the first breeding field is 18 degrees and 00 'to 19 degrees and 00' to the north latitude;
2) observing the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition of the transplanted and planted single plant in the step 1), screening the single plant according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition, eliminating the selected fertile single plant, and screening out sterile single plants;
3) planting the sterile single plants screened out in the step 2) in a second breeding land, and screening out single plants which cannot fruit;
the latitude of the second breeding field is 24 degrees and 00 'to 29 degrees and 00' of north latitude;
4) directionally hybridizing and planting the single plant obtained by screening in the step 3) or the single plant obtained by screening in the step 3) and the seeds obtained by the maintainer line and the stress-resistant variety in a first breeding field or a second breeding field, and testing and matching from a high generation, wherein the high generation is more than F5; testing and matching until sterile lines meeting at least two of the following requirements are obtained:
fertility transition temperature is not higher than 23.5 ℃;
II, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
and iii, the seed setting rate of the hybrid is not lower than 80%, and the yield of the hybrid is not lower than 600 kg/mu.
By adopting the technical scheme, the rice seeds are sown and planted at low latitude, sterile single plants are screened out, then stump cutting transplanting is carried out in high latitude areas for planting, the sterile single plants are screened out again, seeds are collected after the stump cutting is mature, then directional hybridization is carried out, and the stress-resistant shape is introduced. The sterile single plants are planted and screened at two latitudes, so that the rice seeds can show the fertile characters of the rice seeds more fully in different environments, elimination and screening are facilitated, a sterile line with better sterility is obtained, and the seeds obtained after the sterile line is hybridized with a restorer line have better characters, higher yield and better quality. After directional crossing, testing and matching (test cross) are carried out, and a high-quality sterile line is obtained through the optimization of a plurality of generations. In the test cross screening process, a higher yield standard is added into the screening standard of the sterile line, so that the yield increasing performance of the sterile line is further improved.
Preferably, the step 2) of screening the single plants according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition and eliminating the selected fertile single plants comprises the steps of screening according to the growth condition and eliminating the single plants with poor growth condition as fertile single plants, wherein the single plants with poor growth condition meet at least one of the following conditions:
a. the morphological shape of the plant leaves is obviously malformed or has obviously visible disease spots;
b. the leaf number of the plant is less than 8 after 45 days of planting;
c. the plant height is less than 50cm 45 days after planting.
By adopting the technical scheme, the single plants with poor growth conditions are eliminated, the plant quality of the finally obtained sterile line is improved, and the excellent hybrid seeds are favorably obtained.
Preferably, the step 2) of screening the individuals according to growth conditions, flowering conditions and fructification conditions and eliminating the selected fertile individuals comprises screening according to flowering conditions and eliminating the individuals with poor flowering conditions as fertile individuals, wherein the individuals with poor flowering conditions meet at least one of the following conditions:
A. the glume opening time is less than 2 h;
B. cracking anthers;
C. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution and the percentage of pollen stained blue-black is higher than 10%.
By adopting the technical scheme, the single plants with short glume-opening time are eliminated, the single plants with longer glume-opening time can be reserved, and the sterility degree of the variety is improved. The single plants with cracked anthers are eliminated, the single plants with the anthers not cracked are kept as much as possible, and the sterility degree of the variety can be further improved; the ratio of the number of the pollen which is kept to react with the iodine solution is lower than 10 percent, and the variety with high sterility can be screened by utilizing the iodine reaction.
Preferably, the step 2) of screening the single plants according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition and eliminating the selected fertile single plants comprises the steps of screening according to the fructification condition and eliminating the fructified single plants as fertile single plants.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fructification single plants are eliminated, the remained single plants which can not be fructification are all single plants, and the sterility degree of the screened sterile line is ensured to the maximum extent.
Preferably, the sowing time in the step 1) is 11 months and 10 to 11 months and 30 days.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the rice seeds are sown in the step 1), sowing is carried out in winter, and at the moment, the environment temperature of the first breeding field is approximately between 24 and 30 ℃, the humidity is moderate and the first breeding field is partial to wet, so that the germination of the rice seeds and the quick growth of seedlings are facilitated, and the characters of fertile single plants and sterile single plants are more obviously shown.
Preferably, the sowing time in the step 3) is 4 months and 20 to 6 months and 10 days.
By adopting the technical scheme, the sowing time in the step 3) is set to be 4-6 months, the air temperature is approximately 15-25 ℃, the method is more suitable for plant grouting, and the characters of fertile and sterile plants are further promoted to be more obviously shown.
Preferably, the rice seeds in the step 1) are any one of Shuangliangyi and Chuanyouxiangjing.
By adopting the technical scheme, the two varieties of Zhanliangyi and Chuanyi fragrant crystal have better growth states in the first breeding land and the second breeding land and have higher yield.
Preferably, the stress-resistant variety in the step 4) is any one of wild incense B and Jatropha aromatica.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stress-resistant variety has better quality and better disease resistance, and can introduce better stress resistance into filial generations after directional hybridization.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. the breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of the rice adopts the planting and screening at the breeding places with two different latitudes, so that the fertility character of the rice is more fully shown, the quality of the sterile line obtained by breeding is better, and the yield increasing performance is better.
2. When the method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice is used for screening the sterile single plants after the rice seeds are sown, the sterile single plants are screened comprehensively according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition of the single plants, fertile single plants can be screened out and eliminated thoroughly, and the sterile single plants with better sterility are obtained.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice, the latitude of the first breeding field is preferably 18 degrees 00 'to 18 degrees 50' north latitude. Further preferably, the first breeding ground is third city of Hainan province.
Preferably, the latitude of the second breeding field is 24 ° 00 'to 25 ° 50' or 27 ° 50 'to 28 ° 50'. Further preferably, the second breeding place is mountain-protecting city of Yunnan province or Changsha city of Hunan province.
Preferably, the targeted hybridization is carried out in the first breeding field and the second breeding field during the measurement.
The two-major-pedicel-shaking is the two-major-pedicel-shaking for two-line hybridization.
When transplanting and transplanting, single transplanting is adopted. The row spacing during transplanting was 6 x 6 inches. The area of single transplanting is 0.5-1 mu.
The growth condition refers to the growth condition of the individual plant before flowering. Preferably, the individual with poor growth satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
a. the morphological shape of the plant leaves is obviously malformed or has obviously visible disease spots;
b. the leaf number of the plant is less than 8 after 45 days of planting;
c. the plant height is less than 50cm 45 days after planting and transplanting;
d. the tillering number in the tillering stage is more than 3.
Preferably, the individual with poor flowering satisfies at least one of the following conditions:
A. the glume opening time is less than 2 h;
B. cracking anthers;
C. the stigma exsertion rate is more than 50 percent;
D. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution and the percentage of pollen stained blue-black is higher than 10%.
Further preferably, the individual plants with poor flowering performance satisfy at least 3 of the above conditions. Further preferably, the glume opening time is less than 1 h.
And (3) screening according to the fructification condition, and eliminating the fructified single plants as fertile single plants, namely eliminating the fructified single plants, and then cutting roots of the non-fructified single plants and transplanting. The main ears can be cut off during stump cutting transplantation, and the ears are re-extracted after transplantation.
In the directional hybridization, after the seeds of the sterile individual plants obtained by screening are used as parents to be hybridized with the stress-resistant maintainer line, the same stress-resistant maintainer line is also used for hybridization after the generation between the F1 generation and the high generation is sowed. The stress-resistant variety is used as a male parent, and the screened seeds of the sterile single plant are used as a female parent. When the directional hybridization is carried out, an anti-reverse maintainer line is adopted for hybridization, F1 generations are planted by using F1 generation hybrid seeds, then the same anti-reverse maintainer line is used for hybridization to obtain F2 generation hybrid seeds, then F2 generations are planted by using F2 generation hybrid seeds, and the like.
The term "immature individual" as used herein means an individual that is not closed. After the F1 generation after directional hybridization is planted to the high generation, the single plant which is completely sterile (not fruitful) is selected for reservation, and all fruitful single plants are eliminated.
In actual operation, individual plants are screened according to growth conditions, flowering conditions and fruit setting conditions, selected fertile individual plants are eliminated, or selected individual plants are eliminated according to any one or two of the growth conditions, the flowering conditions and the fruit setting conditions, and the specific growth conditions, the flowering conditions or the fruit setting conditions are consistent with the growth conditions, the flowering conditions or the fruit setting conditions in the embodiment.
The test mating (test cross) is to carry out backcross between the advanced generation and the parent.
The seed setting rate and the yield of the hybrid are the characteristics of the seeds after the sterile line and the restorer line are hybridized.
The restoring line adopted by the application is the restoring line which is commonly used for the rice variety of the application.
The sterile line obtained by testing and matching meets the condition that the length-width ratio of rice is not less than 3. Namely, testing and matching until sterile lines meeting at least two of the following requirements are obtained:
fertility transition temperature is not higher than 23.5 ℃;
II, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
iii, the seed setting rate of the hybrid is not lower than 80 percent, and the yield of the hybrid is not lower than 600 kg/mu;
iv, the length-width ratio of the rice of the sterile line is not less than 3.
Preferably, the rice of the sterile line has an aspect ratio of not less than 3.6.
Examples
Example 1
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice comprises the following steps:
1) sowing the rice seeds in the third step in 20 days in 11 months, and transplanting after sowing for 15 days;
selecting two-line hybrid Zhenshijia rice seeds; transplanting with single transplanting, 6 × 6 inches of row spacing, and 0.5 mu of single transplanting;
2) after the step 1) of transplanting, recording the growth condition, wherein the growth condition comprises the leaf morphology, leaf number, plant height and tillering number in the tillering stage, and then marking and eliminating the plants meeting one of the following conditions:
a. the plant leaves have obvious malformation or obvious disease spots;
b. the leaf number of the plant is less than 8 after 45 days of planting;
c. the plant height is less than 50cm 45 days after planting and transplanting;
d. the tillering number in the tillering stage is more than 3;
3) observing and recording flowering conditions in the single plants reserved in the step 2) in a flowering period, wherein the flowering conditions comprise glume opening time, anther cracking conditions and pollen iodine reaction conditions; plants satisfying one of the following conditions were marked and eliminated:
A. the glume opening time is less than 2 h;
B. the anther is big and full in shape or cracked;
C. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution, and the percentage of the pollen dyed into blue black is higher than 10 percent;
4) observing the fructification condition of the single plants reserved in the step 3), eliminating the fructification single plants, and marking the non-fructification single plants by inserting stumps into bamboo poles;
5) planting the stump-inserted marked individual plant in the step 4) in about 4 months and 25 days in Baoshan city of Yunnan province, and then selecting the individual plant which can not fruit;
6) directionally hybridizing the single plant which cannot be fruited and is selected in the step 5) in Baoshan city of Yunnan province by adopting wild incense B, planting F1 generations by using hybrid seeds, and selecting about 100 single plants which are good in plant type and completely sterile from F2 generations; and (3) continuing generation-adding propagation, breeding and identification in the mountain (refer to the breeding mode of F2 generation), starting testing and matching in the high-generation F5 generation, and observing the heterosis until a new sterile line meeting the following standards is obtained:
the fertility of the rice is stable, and the fertility conversion temperature is not higher than 23.5 ℃;
ii, the luxuriant property is good, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
the heterosis is strong, the seed setting rate of the hybrid is not lower than 80 percent, and the yield of the hybrid is not lower than 600 kg/mu;
iv, the length-width ratio of the rice of the sterile line is not less than 3.6.
Example 2
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice comprises the following steps:
1) sowing the rice seeds in the third step in 11 months and 10 days, and transplanting after sowing for 12 days;
selecting two-line hybrid Zhenshijia rice seeds; during transplanting, single transplanting is adopted, the row spacing of the plants is 6 x 6 inches, and the single transplanting is carried out for 1 mu;
2) after the step 1) of transplanting, recording the growth condition, wherein the growth condition comprises the leaf morphology, leaf number, plant height and tillering number in the tillering stage, and then marking and eliminating the plants meeting one of the following conditions:
a. the leaf number of the plant is less than 6 after 45 days of planting;
b. the plant height is lower than 45cm 45 days after planting and transplanting;
c. the tillering number in the tillering stage is more than 3;
3) observing and recording the flowering condition of the single plant reserved in the step 2) in the flowering period, wherein the flowering condition comprises glume opening time, anther cracking condition and pollen iodine reaction condition; plants satisfying one of the following conditions were marked and eliminated:
A. the glume opening time is less than 1.5 h;
B. cracking anthers;
C. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution, and the percentage of the pollen dyed into blue black is higher than 5 percent;
4) observing and recording the fructification condition of the single plants reserved in the step 3), eliminating the fructification single plants, and marking the non-fructification single plants by inserting stumps into bamboo poles;
5) planting the seed in 5 months and 30 days of the stump-inserted marked individual plant in the step 4) in Changsha city in Hunan province, and selecting the individual plant which cannot fruit to perform hybridization by using a wild fragrant B maintainer line to obtain the seed;
6) planting the seeds obtained in the step 5) in the third city of Hainan province, performing directional hybridization by adopting a Yuzhenxiang maintainer line, planting F1 generations by using hybrid seeds, and selecting about 100 single plants with good plant types and complete sterility from F2 generations; and (3) continuing generation-adding propagation, breeding and identification in the third generation (refer to the breeding mode of F2 generation), starting testing and matching in the high-generation F5 generation, and observing the heterosis until a new sterile line meeting the following standards is obtained:
fertility transition temperature is not higher than 22 ℃;
II, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
and iii, the seed setting rate of the hybrid is not lower than 80, and the yield of the hybrid is not lower than 600 kg/mu.
Example 3
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice comprises the following steps:
1) sowing the rice seeds in the third step in 11 months and 30 days of the year, and transplanting the rice seeds 18 days after sowing;
selecting two-line hybrid Zhenshijia rice seeds; transplanting with single transplanting, 6 × 6 inches of row spacing, and 0.8 mu of single transplanting;
2) after the step 1) of transplanting, recording the growth condition, wherein the growth condition comprises the leaf morphology, leaf number, plant height and tillering number in the tillering stage, and then marking and eliminating the plants meeting one of the following conditions:
a. the leaf number of the plant is less than 6 after 45 days of planting;
b. the plant height is lower than 45cm 45 days after planting and transplanting;
c. the tillering number in the tillering stage is more than 3;
3) observing and recording the flowering condition of the single plant reserved in the step 2) in the flowering period, wherein the flowering condition comprises glume opening time, anther cracking condition and pollen iodine reaction condition; plants satisfying one of the following conditions were marked and eliminated:
A. the glume opening time is less than 1 h;
B. cracking anthers;
C. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution, and the percentage of the pollen dyed into blue black is higher than 3 percent;
4) observing and recording the fructification condition of the single plants reserved in the step 3), eliminating the fructification single plants, and marking the non-fructification single plants by inserting stumps into bamboo poles;
5) planting the seed in the stump-inserted marked individual plant in the step 4) in Changsha city in Hunan province within 5 months and 20 days, selecting the individual plant which can not bear fruit normally, and hybridizing the individual plant by adopting a wild fragrant B maintainer line to obtain the seed;
6) directionally hybridizing the seeds obtained in the step 5) in the third city of Hainan province by adopting the wild incense B, planting the seeds by using hybrid seeds, and selecting about 100 single plants with good plant types and complete sterility from the F2 generation; and (3) continuing generation-adding propagation, breeding and identification in the third generation (refer to the breeding mode of F2 generation), starting testing and matching in the high-generation F5 generation, and observing the heterosis until a new sterile line meeting the following standards is obtained:
fertility transition temperature is not higher than 21 ℃;
II, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
iii, setting the seed setting rate of the hybrid not lower than 80 and the yield of the hybrid not lower than 600 kg/mu;
iv, the length-width ratio of the rice of the sterile line is not less than 3.
Example 4
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice of the embodiment is different from the embodiment 1 in that the rice seeds in the step 1) are soaked in a mutagen for 12 hours before sowing, then filtered, then soaked in an alkaline solution for 2 hours, washed with clear water and soaked in water for 48 hours.
The mutagen is prepared from ethyl methanesulfonate, lithium chloride, dibromomannitol and water according to a mass ratio of 1:0.54: 0.3: 100 are mixed to obtain the product. The alkaline solution is prepared by mixing sodium hydroxide, sodium thiosulfate and water according to the mass ratio of 5:3: 100.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice in the embodiment is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that in the step 3), an accelerant is sprayed on a single plant at the flowering stage and before 7:00 a day in the morning, and the accelerant is obtained by mixing ammonium carbamate, ammonium bicarbonate, urea and water according to the mass ratio of 6:2:1: 100.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example
The breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice of the comparative example is different from that of the example 1 in that the latitudes of the first breeding field and the second breeding field are respectively 18 degrees and 19 degrees from north latitude, and the rest is the same as that of the example 1.
Performance test
Hybrid seeds obtained by hybridizing the sterile line seeds obtained by the breeding method of the high-quality two-line sterile line of the rice in the examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example with the restorer line are planted in Changsha in Hunan, and the test results are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1 comparison of sterile lines obtained by seed selection in examples 1-5 and comparative example
| Yield of hybrid seeds (kg/mu) | Fertility transition temperature/. degree C | |
| Example 1 | 615 | 23.2 |
| Example 2 | 626 | 21.7 |
| Example 3 | 611 | 20.9 |
| Example 4 | 631 | 21.2 |
| Example 5 | 639 | 21.5 |
| Comparative example | 557 | 25.3 |
According to example 1, comparative example and table 1, it is clear that the sterile lines obtained after seeding and screening at different latitudes have higher yield, lower fertility transformation temperature and strong adaptability to the environment.
The sterile line obtained by breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice by the breeding method has better quality, better yield increase and higher per mu yield of hybrid.
Claims (8)
1. A method for breeding a high-quality two-line sterile line of rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sowing the rice seeds in a first breeding land, and transplanting seedlings 12-18 days after sowing;
the latitude of the first breeding field is 18 degrees and 00 'to 19 degrees and 00' to the north latitude;
2) screening the single plants according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition of the transplanted single plants, eliminating selected fertile single plants, and screening sterile single plants;
3) planting the sterile single plants screened out in the step 2) in a second breeding land, and screening out single plants which cannot fruit;
the latitude of the second breeding field is 24 degrees and 00 'to 29 degrees and 00' of north latitude;
4) directionally hybridizing and planting the single plant obtained by screening in the step 3) or the single plant obtained by screening in the step 3) and the seeds obtained by the maintainer line and the stress-resistant variety in a first breeding field or a second breeding field, and testing and matching from a high generation, wherein the high generation is more than F5; testing and matching until sterile lines meeting at least two of the following requirements are obtained:
fertility transition temperature is not higher than 23.5 ℃;
II, the breeding yield is not lower than 400 kg/mu, and the seed production yield is not lower than 300 kg/mu;
and iii, the seed setting rate of the hybrid is not lower than 80%, and the yield of the hybrid is not lower than 600 kg/mu.
2. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) of screening the single plants according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition and eliminating the selected fertile single plants comprises the following steps: screening according to growth conditions, and eliminating the single plants with poor growth conditions as fertile single plants, wherein the single plants with poor growth conditions meet at least one of the following conditions:
a. the morphological shape of the plant leaves is obviously malformed or has obviously visible disease spots;
b. the leaf number of the plant is less than 8 after 45 days of planting;
c. the plant height is less than 50cm 45 days after planting.
3. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) of screening the single plants according to the growth condition, the flowering condition and the fructification condition and eliminating the selected fertile single plants comprises the following steps: screening according to flowering conditions and eliminating the individual plants with poor flowering conditions as fertile individual plants, wherein the individual plants with poor flowering conditions meet at least one of the following conditions:
A. the glume opening time is less than 2 h;
B. cracking anthers;
C. the pollen reacts to the iodine solution and the percentage of pollen stained blue-black is higher than 10%.
4. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 2) of screening the single plants according to the growth conditions, the flowering conditions and the fructification conditions and eliminating the selected fertile single plants comprises the steps of screening according to the fructification conditions and eliminating the fructified single plants as fertile single plants.
5. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the time for seeding in step 1) is 11 months and 10 to 11 months and 30 days.
6. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the time for seeding in step 3) is 4 months 20 to 6 months 10 days.
7. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the rice seeds in step 1) are any one of Shashuangyouzhan and Chuangyouxiangjing.
8. The method for breeding the high-quality two-line sterile line of rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the stress-resistant variety in step 4) is any one of wild incense B and Yuzhenxiang.
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