CN109924122B - Natural banana hybridization method for early bud drawing of female parent - Google Patents

Natural banana hybridization method for early bud drawing of female parent Download PDF

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CN109924122B
CN109924122B CN201811600070.5A CN201811600070A CN109924122B CN 109924122 B CN109924122 B CN 109924122B CN 201811600070 A CN201811600070 A CN 201811600070A CN 109924122 B CN109924122 B CN 109924122B
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banana
female parent
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CN109924122A (en
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武鹏
赵明
何海旺
龙芳
邹瑜
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Biotechnology Research Institute Guangxi Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a banana natural hybridization method for early bud drawing of a female parent, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting; (2) super-close planting of male parent materials; (3) dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase; (4) closely planting the female parent material; (5) bee pollen is put in the bee pollen; (6) flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials; (7) bud breaking and leaf management and protection of the female parent; (8) carrying out bud sucking and planting; (9) and (5) strengthening field management. The method leads the male parent and the female parent to carry out natural pollination and natural hybridization, and collects the hybrid seeds when the female parent banana fruits are mature or nearly mature. The method simplifies the procedure of the artificial cross pollination method among varieties, shortens the breeding process, reduces the labor intensity of seed production, saves labor force, reduces the production cost, and the produced seeds have high purity. The invention can carry out large-area hybrid seed production and is easy to popularize.

Description

Natural banana hybridization method for early bud drawing of female parent
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant hybridization breeding, in particular to a banana natural hybridization method for early bud drawing of a female parent.
Background
Crossbreeding is one of the important ways to create new varieties of crops, and useful characteristics accumulated by long-term natural selection among species are recombined through hybridization, so that the genetic diversity of the species is further enriched. Edible bananas are generally triploid and have high sterility, and the development of banana hybrid breeding has the disadvantages of hybridization incompatibility and hybrid fertility obstacle in different degrees, so the work is difficult and slow in progress. At present, very few reports are reported on relevant documents of banana crossbreeding work, some basic problems are still not clear, and valuable references are lacked.
At present, the following difficulties exist in the crossbreeding work of bananas: (1) the flowering period of parents is not met, and the artificial hybridization pollination procedure is complex when different varieties are hybridized and bred with each other; (2) the breeding time is long, and the breeding difficulty is increased due to a plurality of external uncertain factors; (3) the banana plants are tall and big, the labor intensity of cross breeding is high, the cost is high, and large-area popularization is difficult.
Therefore, if the natural hybridization method of the present invention can be used for breeding, the above problems will be solved. The unique geography and climate types of Guangxi contain rich germplasm resources such as banana wild species and local cultivars, and the gene library is a huge gene library for banana variety improvement and structure adjustment. Through the previous resource collection and evaluation research, the wild banana resource with cold resistance, blight resistance and high pollen fertility is screened in Guangxi local environment by the team, and a scarce parent resource material is provided for the cross pollination research. The method plays a role in improving the characteristics of the existing cultivated varieties, enriching germplasm resources and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a natural banana hybridization method with early bud drawing of female parent, which simplifies the procedure of the artificial hybridization pollination method among varieties, shortens the breeding process, reduces the labor intensity of seed production, saves the labor force, reduces the production cost and ensures that the produced seeds have high purity. The invention can carry out large-area hybrid seed production and is easy to popularize.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a natural banana hybridization method for early bud drawing of female parent comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting: selecting a banana garden planted in a single variety female parent 'gold powder No. 1' in a connected mode, and interplanting wild banana male parent materials in the garden in an interlaced mode. The female parent material, namely gold powder No. 1, is a banana powder variety which is bred by the subject group and approved by the Guangxi crop variety approval Committee, is an important banana powder cultivated variety and has excellent characteristics of cold resistance, drought resistance and the like. The wild banana male parent material is wild banana germplasm collected from Dazhan mountain in Yulin city county of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi province. In the county, the large-capacity mountain of the county is a wild banana variety, the wild banana variety has a developed root system, more plant leaves, less possibility of lodging, less pest and disease damage, cold resistance and drought resistance.
(2) Super-dense planting of male parent materials: the row spacing of the plants is 1.4-1.6 m multiplied by 1.5-1.7 m, the planting density per mu is 250-300 plants, the pollen amount is increased, and the pollination probability is improved.
(3) Dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase: spraying paclobutrazol agent to the female parent, and matching with field management, the height of the plant is reduced, and the bud drawing period is advanced. The effective component content of the paclobutrazol medicament is 25%, and the using amount is 2.5-4.0 g per plant. The using method comprises the following steps: when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 0.8-1.5 g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant for the first time, and 1.7-2.5 g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days for 2 times.
(4) Close planting of female parent material: the row spacing of the plants is 2.0-2.2 m multiplied by 2.2 m-2.4 m, and the planting density per mu is 125-150 plants.
(5) Releasing bees and pollination: the domesticated bees are introduced to pollinate in the flowering period in an interlaced way, so that the aim of assisting hybridization pollination is fulfilled.
(6) Flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials: the male parent material is cut off in time after the female flower and the neutral flower bloom, so that the nutrients are intensively supplied to the male flower, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the male flower can generate a large amount of pollen more quickly and better, and the flowering period of the male flower is prolonged.
(7) Bud breaking of female parent and blade management and protection: all leaves are well preserved in the vegetative growth period without cutting leaves. After bud drawing, 5 to 6 combs are left to cut off buds in time, leaves are cut when the ears 5 are full, 1 comb of fruits corresponds to 1 leaf, namely 5 to 6 leaves are left, and the other leaves are cut off, so that the ears are full in advance, and seeds are harvested in advance.
(8) And (3) bud sucking and planting: two plants of the mother plant are selected and remained for absorbing buds, the planting density of the second-made perennial root bananas per mu can be doubled to 250-300 plants, and the seed production quantity is improved. The male parent material does not sprout.
(9) Strengthening field management: and water management is enhanced in the whole garden, organic fertilizer is applied again, and pest control is well performed.
The female parent 'gold powder No. 1' of the invention usually needs 6-9 months from planting to bud drawing, while the wild banana needs 4-7 months from planting to bud drawing, so the flowering phase needs to be adjusted, and the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent meet each other for a longer time. The method adopts a method of early bud drawing of the female parent to adjust the flowering phase, 1.0g of a paclobutrazol (with the weight content of effective components being 25%) is sprayed on the whole plant for the first time when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 2.0g of a paclobutrazol (with the weight content of the effective components being 25%) is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days, the application is performed for 2 times totally, the total dosage of a single plant medicament is 3.0g, and the bud drawing period of the female parent can be advanced by 30-60 days by matching with field management.
Paclobutrazol (PP)333) The plant growth regulator has the effects of delaying plant growth, inhibiting stem elongation, shortening internodes, promoting plant tillering, increasing plant stress resistance, improving yield and the like.
In order to study the influence of paclobutrazol on the bud drawing period and the plant height of the banana in detail, the invention carries out the following tests: PP used on first generation banana powder planted in 2016 (4 months and 5 days)333The test treatment is carried out, the bud extraction time of the T4 treatment (3.0 g/strain) is earliest, and the bud extraction rate at 2016, 10, 11 and 11 days is more than 50 percent (62.5 percent); secondly, T3 (2.5 g/strain) is adopted, and the bud drawing rate is more than 50% in 2016, 10 and 21 days; and the control bud extraction rate is 0 at this time.
TABLE 1 different dosages of PP333Effect of treatment on bud extraction Rate of Musa Caudata
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And, by further studying PP at different doses333The effect of treatment on number of banana leaves and leaf-pulling speed was found to be: PP (polypropylene)333The treatment can accelerate the extraction speed of the banana leaves, so that the rated number of the leaves can be reached earlier and buds can be extracted in advance. The test self-drenches different dosages of PP333The number of the leaves which are processed to be extracted in the bud extraction period is 28.8-30.1, and the difference is not significant. However, the days required for the extraction of the leaves are quite different, the minimum is only 147.5d (T4), 5.0d is required for each leaf, the maximum 192.2d is required for the CK processing to the bud stage, and 6.4d is required for each leaf.
TABLE 2 different dosages of PP333Effect of treatment on number of leaves and leaf-pulling speed of Musa Caudosissima
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Drench and apply PP333The height of the banana plantsThe degree is reduced compared with CK, wherein the dwarfing effect of the treatment with T4 is better, the plant height is reduced by 1.13 m, and the reduction amplitude is 25.4%; the leaf spacing of the T4 treatment is minimum, is only 10.07 cm, is reduced by 30.3 percent compared with CK, and indicates that the banana powder is sprayed on the PP333Can obviously reduce the height of the plantain plant and shorten the leaf spacing.
TABLE 3 different dosages of PP333Effect of treatment on Banana plant height
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Under the test results, the invention carries out further research to obtain the optimal treatment scheme: spraying PP on the whole plant for the first time when the height of the female parent plant is 1.0m333(the weight content of the active ingredients is 25%) 0.8-1.5 g of the medicament, and the PP is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days333(the weight content of active ingredients is 25%) 1.7-2.5 g of the medicament, the total dosage of the medicament for a single plant is 2.5-4.0 g, and by matching with field management, the bud drawing period of a female parent can be advanced by 30-60 days, and the height of the plant is reduced by about 20%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the natural banana hybridization method with early bud drawing of the female parent simplifies the procedure of the artificial hybridization pollination method among varieties, shortens the breeding process, reduces the labor intensity of seed production, saves labor force, reduces the production cost, and the produced seeds have high purity. The wild banana is a variety in the situation of the large-capacity mountain of the capacity county, the root system of the wild banana is developed, the leaves of the wild banana are more, the wild banana is not easy to fall down, and the wild banana is less in plant diseases and insect pests, cold-resistant and drought-resistant.
2. The banana natural hybridization method with early bud drawing of the female parent adjusts the flowering phase of 'gold powder No. 1' by spraying paclobutrazol medicament and matched field management, so that the female parent material draws buds in advance, the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent meet each other for a longer time, and the pollination probability is greatly improved. Meanwhile, the plant height is reduced, the plant dwarfing can increase the planting density, and the seed production quantity is further improved.
Detailed Description
Example 1. a natural banana hybridization method with early bud drawing of female parent, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting: selecting a banana garden planted in a single variety female parent 'gold powder No. 1' in a connected mode, and interplanting wild banana male parent materials in the garden in an interlaced mode. The wild banana male parent material is wild banana germplasm collected in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region Yulin City county.
(2) Super-dense planting of male parent materials: the row spacing of the plants is 1.4m multiplied by 1.5m, the planting density per mu is about 300 plants, the pollen quantity is increased, and the pollination probability is improved.
(3) Dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase: spraying paclobutrazol agent to the female parent, and matching with field management, the height of the plant is reduced, and the bud drawing period is advanced. The effective component content of the paclobutrazol medicament is 25 percent, and the using amount is 2.5g per plant. The using method comprises the following steps: when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 0.8g of paclobutrazol medicament is firstly sprayed on the whole plant, and 1.7g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days, and the paclobutrazol medicament is applied for 2 times.
(4) Dwarfing and close planting of female parent material: the row spacing of the plants is 2.0 m multiplied by 2.2m, and the planting density per mu is about 150 plants.
(5) Releasing bees and pollination: the domesticated bees are introduced to pollinate in the flowering period in an interlaced way, so that the aim of assisting hybridization pollination is fulfilled.
(6) Flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials: the male parent material is cut off in time after the female flower and the neutral flower bloom, so that the nutrients are intensively supplied to the male flower, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the male flower can generate a large amount of pollen more quickly and better, and the flowering period of the male flower is prolonged.
(7) Bud breaking of female parent and blade management and protection: all leaves are well preserved in the vegetative growth period without cutting leaves. After bud drawing, 5 to 6 combs are left to cut off buds in time, leaves are cut when the ears 5 are full, 1 comb of fruits corresponds to 1 leaf, namely 5 to 6 leaves are left, and the other leaves are cut off, so that the ears are full in advance, and seeds are harvested in advance.
(8) And (3) bud sucking and planting: two plants of the mother plant are selected and remained for absorbing buds, the planting density of the second-made perennial root bananas per mu can be doubled to 300 plants, and the seed production quantity is improved. The male parent material does not sprout.
(9) Strengthening field management: and water management is enhanced in the whole garden, organic fertilizer is applied again, and pest control is well performed.
Embodiment 2 a natural banana hybridization method with early bud drawing of female parent, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting: selecting a banana garden planted in a single variety female parent 'gold powder No. 1' in a connected mode, and interplanting wild banana male parent materials in the garden in an interlaced mode. The wild banana male parent material is wild banana germplasm collected in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region Yulin City county.
(2) Super-dense planting of male parent materials: the row spacing of the plants is 1.6m multiplied by 1.7m, the planting density per mu is about 250 plants, the pollen quantity is increased, and the pollination probability is improved.
(3) Dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase: spraying paclobutrazol agent to the female parent, and matching with field management, the height of the plant is reduced, and the bud drawing period is advanced. The effective component content of the paclobutrazol medicament is 25 percent, and the using amount is 4.0g per plant. The using method comprises the following steps: when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 1.5g of paclobutrazol medicament is firstly sprayed on the whole plant, and 2.5g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days, and the paclobutrazol medicament is applied for 2 times totally.
(4) Dwarfing and close planting of female parent material: the row spacing of the plants is 2.2m multiplied by 2.4 m, and the planting density per mu is about 125 plants.
(5) Releasing bees and pollination: the domesticated bees are introduced to pollinate in the flowering period in an interlaced way, so that the aim of assisting hybridization pollination is fulfilled.
(6) Flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials: the male parent material is cut off in time after the female flower and the neutral flower bloom, so that the nutrients are intensively supplied to the male flower, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the male flower can generate a large amount of pollen more quickly and better, and the flowering period of the male flower is prolonged.
(7) Bud breaking of female parent and blade management and protection: all leaves are well preserved in the vegetative growth period without cutting leaves. After bud drawing, 5 to 6 combs are left to cut off buds in time, leaves are cut when the ears 5 are full, 1 comb of fruits corresponds to 1 leaf, namely 5 to 6 leaves are left, and the other leaves are cut off, so that the ears are full in advance, and seeds are harvested in advance.
(8) And (3) bud sucking and planting: two plants of the mother plant are selected and remained for absorbing buds, the planting density of the second-made perennial root bananas per mu can be doubled to 250 plants, and the seed production quantity is improved. The male parent material does not sprout.
(9) Strengthening field management: and water management is enhanced in the whole garden, organic fertilizer is applied again, and pest control is well performed.
Embodiment 3. a natural banana hybridization method with early bud drawing of female parent, comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting: selecting a banana garden planted in a single variety female parent 'gold powder No. 1' in a connected mode, and interplanting wild banana male parent materials in the garden in an interlaced mode. The wild banana male parent material is wild banana germplasm collected in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region Yulin City county.
(2) Super-dense planting of male parent materials: the row spacing of the plants is 1.5m multiplied by 1.6m, the planting density per mu is about 278 plants, the pollen quantity is increased, and the pollination probability is improved.
(3) Dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase: spraying paclobutrazol agent to the female parent, and matching with field management, the height of the plant is reduced, and the bud drawing period is advanced. The effective component content of the paclobutrazol medicament is 25 percent, and the using amount is 3.0g per plant. The using method comprises the following steps: when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 1.0g of paclobutrazol medicament is firstly sprayed on the whole plant, and 2.0g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days, and the paclobutrazol medicament is applied for 2 times in total.
(4) Dwarfing and close planting of female parent material: the row spacing of the plants is 2.1m multiplied by 2.3m, and the planting density per mu is about 138 plants.
(5) Releasing bees and pollination: the domesticated bees are introduced to pollinate in the flowering period in an interlaced way, so that the aim of assisting hybridization pollination is fulfilled.
(6) Flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials: the male parent material is cut off in time after the female flower and the neutral flower bloom, so that the nutrients are intensively supplied to the male flower, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the male flower can generate a large amount of pollen more quickly and better, and the flowering period of the male flower is prolonged.
(7) Bud breaking of female parent and blade management and protection: all leaves are well preserved in the vegetative growth period without cutting leaves. After bud drawing, 5 to 6 combs are left to cut off buds in time, leaves are cut when the ears 5 are full, 1 comb of fruits corresponds to 1 leaf, namely 5 to 6 leaves are left, and the other leaves are cut off, so that the ears are full in advance, and seeds are harvested in advance.
(8) And (3) bud sucking and planting: two plants of the mother plant are selected and remained for absorbing buds, the planting density of the second perennial root bananas per mu can be doubled to 276 plants, and the seed production quantity is improved. The male parent material does not sprout.
(9) Strengthening field management: and water management is enhanced in the whole garden, organic fertilizer is applied again, and pest control is well performed.
Example 4
The technical scheme of the invention is implemented in a test base of Wuming district of Nanning City of the Zhuang nationality in Guangxi, and according to the methods of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3, the bud drawing period of the female parent of 'Jinfen No. 1' is averagely advanced by 55.45 days, the flowering periods of the female parent and the male parent are basically overlapped, and the pollination probability is greatly improved.

Claims (1)

1. A banana natural hybridization method for early bud drawing of female parent is characterized in that:
(1) selecting banana female parent and banana male parent materials for interplanting: selecting a banana garden planted in a single variety female parent 'gold powder No. 1' in a connected mode, and interplanting wild banana male parent materials in the garden in an interlaced mode; the wild banana male parent material is wild banana germplasm collected in Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region Yulin City county;
(2) super-dense planting of male parent materials: the row spacing of the plants is 1.4-1.6 m multiplied by 1.5-1.7 m, the planting density per mu is 250-300 plants, the pollen amount is increased, and the pollination probability is improved;
(3) dwarfing female parent material and adjusting flowering phase: spraying paclobutrazol agent to the female parent, and matching with field management, so that the plant height is reduced, and the bud drawing period is advanced;
(4) close planting of female parent material: the row spacing of the plants is 2.0-2.2 m multiplied by 2.2 m-2.4 m, and the planting density per mu is 125-150 plants;
(5) releasing bees and pollination: the domesticated bees are introduced to pollinate in the flowering period in an interlaced way, so that the aim of assisting hybridization pollination is fulfilled;
(6) flower thinning and fruit thinning of male parent materials: the male parent material is cut off in time after the female flowers and the neutral flowers bloom, so that nutrients are intensively supplied to the male flowers, the nutrient consumption is reduced, the male flowers can generate a large amount of pollen more quickly and better, and the flowering period of the male flowers is prolonged;
(7) bud breaking of female parent and blade management and protection: preserving all leaves in the vegetative growth period without cutting the leaves; after bud drawing, 5 to 6 combs are reserved for timely bud cutting, leaves are cut when the fruit ears 5 are full, 1 comb of fruits corresponds to 1 leaf, namely 5 to 6 leaves are reserved, and the rest leaves are cut off, so that the fruit ears are full in advance, and seeds are harvested in advance;
(8) and (3) bud sucking and planting: selecting and reserving two plants for absorbing buds for each parent plant, doubling the planting density of second-made perennial root bananas per mu to 250-300 plants, and improving the seed production amount; the male parent material does not remove buds;
(9) strengthening field management: water management is enhanced in the whole garden, organic fertilizer is applied again, and pest control is well performed;
the effective component weight content of the paclobutrazol medicament is 25 percent;
the dosage of the medicament is 2.5-3.0 g per plant;
the using method of the medicament comprises the following steps: when the height of the plant is 1.0m, 0.8-1.0 g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant for the first time, and 1.7-2.0 g of paclobutrazol medicament is sprayed on the whole plant again at intervals of 30 days for 2 times.
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CN111264379A (en) * 2020-03-17 2020-06-12 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Banana cultivation method convenient for artificial pollination
CN115349407A (en) * 2022-08-17 2022-11-18 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 Method for simply judging banana dwarfing time node and dwarfing effect

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