CN113498716B - Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area - Google Patents
Seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected area Download PDFInfo
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- CN113498716B CN113498716B CN202110949450.5A CN202110949450A CN113498716B CN 113498716 B CN113498716 B CN 113498716B CN 202110949450 A CN202110949450 A CN 202110949450A CN 113498716 B CN113498716 B CN 113498716B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in protected areas. In order to solve the problems that the fruit at the adjacent pollination node can not be synchronously and normally developed after pollination and fertilization, so that the rate of double melons of the muskmelon is low, double melons or one melon is deformed, fruit setting is irregular and the like, the invention firstly adopts a method of small topping pruning, spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces and using forcible hybridization and pollination to jointly use forchlorfenuron according to the characteristics that the main vine of the muskmelon continuously generates the subsidiary vine and the fruitful flower pollination of the subsidiary vine is adopted, selects and sprays forchlorfenuron with proper concentration on the young fruit at the adjacent leaf node after artificial pollination and fertilization, ensures the balanced development of the two melons, the normal development of fruits, seed cavities, seeds and the like, obviously improves the rate of the single-vine double melons (85 percent), improves the seed production yield and saves the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seed production and high yield method for muskmelon in a protected area, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
The melon is an important high-efficiency horticultural crop in China, and plays a great role in promoting the income increase of farmers and meeting the increasing melon and fruit requirements of people. The muskmelon originates from tropical regions of Africa, likes warm and dry growth environment with sufficient illumination, and is only planted in Xinjiang, Gansu and other places in China in the past. After the Dongshi in the 80 s is successfully cultivated in a protective land, the area is rapidly enlarged, but the seed production is mainly carried out in the northwest region. With the increasing severity of sitting disorder and the enhancement of the protection consciousness of people, many inland varieties are planted in the protection facilities on the spot. Because the bearing flowers at the upper and lower nodes of the melon are opened for a certain time difference, one vine can only seat one fruit under most conditions, 2 or more fruits sitting after pollination are difficult to develop normally, the phenomena of one fruit falling, upper fruit malformation or double fruit malformation and the like often occur, the high temperature season is particularly serious, and the single vine and single fruit can generate continuous melons, so that the bearing fruit node difference is large, the pollination time is prolonged, the seed production is influenced, and the labor cost is increased.
At present, plant growth regulators such as forchlorfenuron and the like are adopted for flower dipping in production, so that a single vine can seat a plurality of fruits at one time. Forchlorfenuron, also called forchlorfenuron, superior sitter and the like, is a plant growth regulator with the action of kinetin, is mainly applied to crops such as grapes, kiwifruits, watermelons, melons and the like in production, promotes fruit setting and fruit enlargement, but only seed shells are arranged in fruit cavities treated by the forchlorfenuron, and is not suitable for the seed production process. In the seed breeding process, artificial pollination and single vine fruit limit the seed production yield, especially for some special materials which are not easy to bear fruits or have less seed bearing amount, normal pollination is difficult to ensure the preservation and the continuation of germplasm, the seed production cost is also improved, Liuming (research on the fruit bearing effect used in hybrid seed production of melons, Chinese watermelon and melon, 1997, (02), 21-22) and Marian bin (research on the seed production technology of hybrid seeds, Shanghai agricultural science, 2009,25(01), 52-54) research on the seed production effect of the fruit bearing agent used in the hybrid seed production process of single melons, but only the seed bearing effect mode of single vine and single vine fruit bearing is used, and the research on improving the double melon rate by using the fruit bearing agent is not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seed production and high yield method for muskmelons in protected areas, which aims to solve the problems that the muskmelons cannot normally develop synchronously after pollination and fertilization at adjacent pollination nodes, so that the muskmelons have low double-melon rate, double-melon or single-melon malformation, irregular fruit setting and the like. According to the method, firstly, according to the characteristics that the main tendrils of the muskmelon continuously generate the tendrils and the tendrils are used for pollination and melon retention, a method of small topping pruning, boric fertilizer spraying on leaf surfaces and artificial hybridization pollination are combined to use hormone forchlorfenuron, and after artificial pollination and fertilization, the juveniles at adjacent leaf nodes are selected and sprayed with forchlorfenuron with appropriate concentration, so that the balanced development of the two melons is ensured, the normal development of fruits, seed cavities, seeds and the like is ensured, the single-tendrils and double-melon rate is obviously improved, the seed production yield is improved, and the cost is saved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a seed production and high yield method for muskmelons in a protected area is characterized by comprising the steps of plant adjustment, foliage spraying of a medicament, emasculation isolation, artificial pollination, melon retention and management after melon retention, and is characterized in that after the artificial pollination step, forchlorfenuron is sprayed on fruit surfaces of pollinated fruits 5-8 days (egg size) after pollination of first fruits;
the plant is adjusted as follows: when the plant grows to 12 leaves and 1 heart, the top is small and the top is sharp (the top is pinched off the millet grains), and all the lateral vines below 8 knots are wiped off; second pruning for 20 leaves to leave fruit bearing vines, leaving the topmost lateral vines, and removing all the other lateral vines;
the foliage spraying agent is: spraying the reserved node female flowers in the evening 3-5 days before the flowers bloom, wherein boric fertilizer is required to be sprayed on the leaf surfaces besides the pesticide.
Preferably, the fruit vines remained in the plant adjustment specifically comprise: and selecting and reserving side vines with consistent length and consistent fruity flower size among 8-10 sections as first melon reserving sections, reserving 2-3 sections of side vines upwards as second-4 fruit reserving vines, and reserving 1 leaf before reserving the side vines and heading.
Further, the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) plant regulation
When the plant grows to 12 leaves and 1 heart, the top is small and the top is pinched off (only the millet is pinched off), and the lateral tendrils below 8 knots are completely wiped off; the vines are pruned and reserved for the second time at 20 leaves, the lateral vines which are consistent in length and fruity flower size are selected and reserved among 8-10 sections as first melon-reserving section positions, 2-3 sections of lateral vines are reserved upwards as 2-4-th fruit-reserving vines, 1 leaf is reserved in front of each reserved lateral vine and is headed, the lateral vines at the top are reserved, and the rest lateral vines are all removed;
(2) foliage spraying boron fertilizer and chemical
In the evening 3-5 days before the node female flowers are opened, spraying boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces, and spraying a disease-preventing and insect-preventing agent;
(3) castration isolation
In the morning of the day before pollination, male flowers and buds on the female parent plant are completely removed, and castration is carried out in the afternoon;
(4) artificial pollination
Picking male flowers of male parents, taking off paper caps on female flowers of female parents when the male flowers loose pollen, lightly smearing the pollen of the male parents on stigmas of the female flowers, covering the paper caps and marking after pollination, and pollinating 3-4 fruity flowers of each plant;
(5) spray-applying forchlorfenuron
5-8 days after pollination of the first fruit (when the eggs are large), spraying forchlorfenuron on the fruit surface of the pollinated fruit, and spraying forchlorfenuron on the upper part and the lower part of the fruit surface respectively;
(6) melon with water
After spraying forchlorfenuron for 2-4 days, selecting and reserving 2 fruits with lower nodes and similar sizes, reserving 2 leaves on the lateral tendrils at the top for topping, and dredging the rest fruits and the lateral tendrils;
(7) management after melon retention
And (4) timely watering the melon seeds and fertilizing along with water, and harvesting the melon seeds after the melon seeds are fully ripened and after-ripened for two days.
The medicament of the step (2) is as follows: 25% hydrazine, 3000 times of etoxazole suspending agent and 1000 times of carbendazim wettable powder of 40% carbendazim.
The forchlorfenuron sprayed in the step (5) is as follows: 300 times of 0.1% forchlorfenuron solution.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
1. in the prior production, the topping is generally carried out after the melons are kept in fruit setting, the small topping is adopted to break the top advantages early, the lateral tendrils are promoted, and the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is promoted early; the topping is earlier beneficial to saving nutrition, and the wound is smaller and is easy to heal.
2. The production of muskmelon seeds mainly adopts artificial emasculation hybridization and natural melon setting, the double-fruit rate of one vine is low (about 5%), and especially under the conditions of summer, vine hanging cultivation and high density, the double-fruit rate is greatly improved (85%) by adopting the technology, so that the seed yield is improved.
3. The technology adopts the technical scheme that forchlorfenuron is sprayed when the first fruit egg size is large after artificial pollination, so that normal pollination fertilization is finished, and normal and healthy seeds can be produced.
4. The temperature in the protection facility is higher in summer and autumn, the flower bud differentiation and pollination fertilization are influenced, the melon is easy to be cultivated by artificial pollination and hybridization, and the section positions are irregular. By adopting the technology, the melon can be promoted to sit, the melon sitting rate and the melon neatness (as shown in figure 2) are ensured, the unified management is convenient, the maturity and the consistency of seeds are ensured, and the cost is reduced.
5. The technology has experimental application in promoting fruit setting to produce seeds, is only limited to single vine and single fruit and has high blight rate, and the spraying period of the technology is between the period before one fruit is swelled and the period after two fruits are fertilized, so that the vegetative growth and reproductive growth can be balanced in time, and the normal development of the two fruits is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of muskmelon produced by conventional seed production method, wherein A is a field plot and B is a close-up observation plot, from which: the conventional seed production mode has low double-melon rate, the A picture has continuous melons, and the B picture has upper fruit deformity;
FIG. 2 is a plot of the fruit results of muskmelon produced by the method of the invention, wherein A is a field plot and B is a close-range observation plot, from which it can be seen that: the seed production method has high double-melon rate and high uniformity.
Detailed Description
The effect will be described below with reference to the examples and the accompanying drawings, and the lateral vines described below are all referred to as subsidiary vines.
Example 1:
the method is implemented in a big arched shed in Haiyang city in autumn in 2018, and the melon variety is Luzhou sweet No. 1 netted melon. Sowing in 8 months and 1 day, planting in 8 months and 13 days, and harvesting in 11 months and 17 days. High-ridge double-row vine hanging cultivation is adopted, branches are pruned by a single vine, and the cultivation density is 2300 plants ∙ 667m -2 . The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) plant regulation
When the plant grows to 12 leaves and 1 heart, finding a small pinching at the top in sunny weather (only the millet is pinched off), and wiping off all the lateral tendrils below 8 knots; when 20 leaves are taken (after half a month), secondary pruning and vine retention are carried out, lateral vines with consistent length and consistent fructification flower size are selected and retained between 8 sections and 10 sections to serve as first vine segment positions, 2 sections to 3 sections of lateral vines are reserved upwards to serve as second-4 fruit-retaining vines, 1 leaf is reserved in front of the lateral vines to be headed, the lateral vines at the top are retained, and the rest lateral vines are all removed;
(2) foliage spraying boron fertilizer and chemical
In the evening 4 days before the node female flowers are opened, spraying 300 times of boron fertilizer solution, 3000 times of hydrazine-etoxazole suspension agent of 25 percent and 1000 times of carbendazim and bromothalonil wettable powder of 40 percent on leaf surfaces; the boron fertilizer is much boron, which is distributed by the Jinan Ebect scientific and technological development Limited company, the content of pure boron is 21 percent, and the content of the effective component sodium borate is more than or equal to 99 percent.
(3) Castration isolation
In the morning of the day before pollination, male flowers and flower buds on the female parent plant are completely removed; castration in the afternoon: slightly tearing off the petals of the fructification flower opened next day, peeling off stamens from the side by using a tip disinfection forceps (sterilized and disinfected by 75% alcohol), and covering a paper cap for isolation; if the fructification flower is a single flower, only the bag is needed for isolation;
(4) artificial pollination
Picking male flowers of the male parent, taking off the paper caps on the female flowers of the female parent when the male flowers loose pollen, lightly smearing the pollen of the male parent on the stigmas of the female flowers, and sleeving the paper caps after pollination and marking. Each plant pollinates 3-4 fruity flowers.
(5) Spray-applying forchlorfenuron
And 7d (when the eggs are large) after pollination of the first fruit, spraying 300 times of 0.1% forchlorfenuron solution on the fruit surface of the pollinated fruit, and spraying one time of forchlorfenuron solution on the upper part and one time of the fruit surface respectively.
(6) Melon with water
After spraying forchlorfenuron for 3 days, selecting and reserving 2 fruits with lower nodes and similar sizes, reserving 2 leaves on the lateral vines at the tops for topping, and dredging the rest fruits and the lateral vines.
(7) Management after melon retention
And (4) timely watering the melon seeds and fertilizing along with water, and harvesting the melon seeds after the melon seeds are fully ripened and after-ripened for two days.
Comparative example 1: the method adopts a conventional seed production method for planting, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) plant regulation
When the plant grows to 12 leaves and 1 heart, the lateral vines below 8 nodes are completely removed, the heart is picked when the leaves are about 20, and the lateral vines with consistent length and consistent fructification and flower size are selected and reserved between 8 nodes and 10 nodes as first melon reserving node positions.
(2) Foliage spraying agent
And 4 days before pollination, 3000 times of 25% hydrazine-etoxazole suspending agent and 1000 times of 40% carbendazim bromothalonil wettable powder are sprayed on leaf surfaces to prevent diseases and insects.
(3) Castration isolation
In the morning of the day before pollination, male flowers and flower buds on the female parent plant are completely removed; castration in the afternoon: slightly tearing off the petals of the fructification flower opened next day, peeling off stamens from the side by using a tip disinfection forceps (sterilized and disinfected by 75% alcohol), and covering a paper cap for isolation; if the solid flowers are parthenocarpic flowers, only the covering bag is needed for isolation.
(4) Pollination is carried out
Picking male flowers of the male parent, taking off the paper caps on the female flowers of the female parent when the male flowers loose pollen, lightly smearing the pollen of the male parent on the stigmas of the female flowers, and sleeving the paper caps after pollination and marking. Each pollinating 3-4 seed-setting flowers.
(5) Melon with water
About 10 days after the first fruit is pollinated, 2 fruits with lower nodes and similar sizes are selected and reserved, 2 leaves are reserved on the lateral vines at the tops for topping, and the rest fruits and the lateral vines are thinned.
(6) Management after melon retention
And (4) timely watering the melon seeds and fertilizing along with water, and harvesting the melon seeds after the melon seeds are fully ripened and after-ripened for two days.
The effects on seed yield and traits using the seed production method of the present invention compared with conventional seed production methods are shown in table 1 and fig. 1-2 below.
1. The double melon rate: the seed production rate of the invention is 85%, and the rate of the conventional seed production method is only 5%. Therefore, the invention obviously improves the double melon rate.
2. Seed yield: the seed production method of the invention treats the seed yield (28.54 kg ∙ 667 m) -2 ) Compared with the conventional seed production method (23.75 kg ∙ 667 m) -2 ) Increased by 4.79kg ∙ 667m -2 The yield increase amplitude is 20.17%.
3. Yield of individual plant seeds: the seed production method adopts forchlorfenuron treatment, the average yield of single seeds is 12.41g, the yield is increased by 2.11g compared with the conventional method, and the yield increase amplitude is 20.14%.
4. Yield of single fruit: the average seed number (331 grains) and thousand grain weight (29.71 g) of single fruit of the conventional seed production method only adopt artificial pollination, are higher than the invention adopts artificial pollination + forchlorfenuron treatment mode, which is indistinguishable from the high rate of double melons of the invention.
5. The field observation (figure 1-2) shows that the seed production method of the invention has more uniform double-fruit size (as figure 2), while the artificial pollination plant of the conventional seed production method has lower double-fruit rate, more malformed double-melon at the upper layer (as figure 1) and less seed quantity.
Table 1: effect of different treatments on seed yield and traits of melon in protected areas
Claims (3)
1. A seed production and high yield method for muskmelons in a protected area is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) plant regulation
When the plant grows to 12 leaves and 1 heart, the top is slightly pinched, and lateral vines below 8 sections are completely wiped off; secondary pruning and vine remaining are carried out when the leaves are 20, lateral vines with the same length and the same fruit setting flower size are selected and reserved among 8-10 sections as first melon-remaining section positions, 2-3 sections of lateral vines are reserved upwards as 2-4-th fruit-remaining vines, 1 leaf is reserved before the lateral vines are reserved for heading, the lateral vines at the top are reserved, and the rest lateral vines are all removed;
(2) foliage spraying boron fertilizer and chemical
Spraying boric fertilizer and pesticide on leaf surface 3-5 days before the node female flower blooms;
(3) castration isolation
In the morning of the day before pollination, male flowers and buds on the female parent plant are completely removed, and castration is carried out in the afternoon;
(4) artificial pollination
Picking male flowers of male parents, taking off paper caps on female flowers of female parents when the male flowers loose pollen, lightly smearing the pollen of the male parents on stigmas of the female flowers, covering the paper caps and marking after pollination, and pollinating 3-4 fruity flowers of each plant;
(5) spray-applying forchlorfenuron
5-8 days after pollination of the first fruit, spraying forchlorfenuron on the fruit surface of the pollinated fruit, and spraying forchlorfenuron on the upper part and the lower part of the fruit surface respectively;
(6) melon with water
After spraying forchlorfenuron for 2-4 days, selecting and reserving 2 fruits with lower nodes and similar sizes, reserving 2 leaves on the lateral tendrils at the top for topping, and dredging the rest fruits and the lateral tendrils;
(7) management after melon retention
And (4) timely watering the melon seeds and fertilizing along with water, and harvesting the melon seeds after the melon seeds are fully ripened and after-ripened for two days.
2. The seed production and high yield method of muskmelon in protected areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the medicament in step (2) is: 3000 times of liquid of 25 percent of hydrazine and etoxazole suspending agent and 1000 times of liquid of 40 percent of carbendazim bromothalonil wettable powder.
3. The seed production and high yield method of muskmelon in protected areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein forchlorfenuron sprayed in the step (5) is: 300 times of 0.1% forchlorfenuron solution.
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| CN103371099A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2013-10-30 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Good-quality and high-yield seed production technique of muskmelon |
| CN103609429B (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2015-10-21 | 天津科润农业科技股份有限公司 | HORMONE TREATMENT is utilized to improve the method for thick-skinned melon crossbreed output |
| CN104160857B (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | A kind of method improving thick-skinned melon hybrid seed production yields |
| CN104904458B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | A kind of field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation |
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