CN115349407A - Method for simply judging banana dwarfing time node and dwarfing effect - Google Patents
Method for simply judging banana dwarfing time node and dwarfing effect Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes and dwarfing effects, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: leaf age method: marking the newly planted banana (based on 6-leaf 1-heart outplanting) as the 1 st leaf on the leaf stalk of the newly unfolded leaf by using a marker pen, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment when the banana grows to the 12 th to 14 th leaves, namely 18 to 20 leaves of the banana; s2: the method of fetal leaf spot: most of bananas planted in common are canna, and black fetal mottle can appear on banana leaves when the banana leaves are 8-9; s3: a bud suction method: observing the banana gardens according to the growth characteristics of the bananas, and dwarfing the bananas in a vigorous growth period when the bananas planted in the same batch emerge a first bud; the method for simply evaluating the banana dwarfing time node and the dwarfing effect has the advantages of rapidness and accuracy, can dwarf banana plants by vast banana growers through the plant growth regulator, and reduces the height of the banana plants so as to avoid the technical effect of typhoon or cold damage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes and dwarfing effect.
Background
Bananas (Musaspp) belong to Musaceae and Musa, are important food crops and economic crops in the world, are staple food for nearly 6 hundred million people in the world and are fruits with the largest fresh fruit trade amount in the world.
Most banana planting areas in China belong to non-optimum banana planting areas, and are easily attacked by typhoon, cold flows in winter and spring to cause great economic loss. The wind resistance of banana plants is reduced due to overhigh banana plants (especially perennial root bananas), the banana plants are rainy and typhoid in 6-9 months in south, and the bananas are easy to be broken and lodged due to the fact that the banana plants are planted with ears and buds and the center of gravity is generally close to the upper side, so that large-area yield reduction and even loss are caused. The Guangxi is usually attacked by cold tide in winter for several days, and the growth of bananas is completely inhibited when the temperature is lower than 10 ℃; the banana fruits are damaged by cold when the temperature is lower than 12 ℃; the organs of the banana plants are frozen at 5 ℃.
In view of this, broad banana farmers dwarf banana plants through plant growth regulators and reduce the height of banana plants to avoid typhoon or cold damage. However, how to judge the proper growth period of banana dwarfing and how to judge the effect of the pesticide on banana dwarfing become the headache of banana farmers and the problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes and dwarfing effects, and aims to solve the problem that banana plants are dwarfed by vast banana growers in a background technology through a plant growth regulator in many times, so that the height of the banana plants is reduced, and typhoon or cold damage is avoided. However, how to judge the proper growth period of banana dwarfing and how to judge the effect of the pesticide on banana dwarfing become the technical problems that banana farmers have headache and need to solve urgently.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: leaf age method: marking the newly planted banana (based on 6-leaf 1-heart outplanting) as the 1 st leaf on the leaf stalk of the newly unfolded leaf by using a marking pen, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment when the banana grows to the 12 th to 14 th leaves;
s2: fetal leaf spot method: at present, most bananas cultivated in a certain variety are canna, when the bananas grow to 8 th to 9 th leaves, black brown mottled streaks can appear on the banana leaves, and the characteristic can fade away gradually along with the growth of plants. According to the characteristic, when 1 st big leaf without leaf spots is extracted from the banana garden in the field observation, the banana grows to 12 th to 14 th leaves, and then the banana can be dwarfed;
s3: a bud sucking method: according to the growth characteristics of bananas, the first bud is exposed when the bananas enter a critical point of a vigorous growth period. According to this characteristic, the banana garden is observed, when the banana garden planted in the same batch emits the first bud, dwarfing can be carried out.
In a preferred scheme, when the second dwarfing treatment is needed, the treatment is carried out at intervals of 18-20 days on the basis of the first dwarfing treatment, and when the banana orchard exceeds 28 leaves or when 60 percent of plants in the banana orchard have the 5 th-6 th bud sucking, the bananas enter a flower bud differentiation period, so that the dwarfing treatment cannot be carried out any more in order to not influence the yield and the fruit shape.
A method for simply judging the dwarfing effect of bananas specifically comprises the following judging methods: after the bananas are dwarfed, the dwarfing effect is judged according to the internode spacing extraction distance in one month:
when the pitch is more than or equal to 5cm, the banana leaves are normally extracted, the buds are normally extracted, and the fruit strips are normal;
when the pitch is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4cm, the banana pitch is slightly overlapped, the bud drawing is normal, the comb pitch is shortened, and the fruit strips are shorter than the normal fruit strips;
when the internode distance is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3cm, the banana internode distances are seriously overlapped, bud extraction is abnormal, and the fruit strips are few and short.
In a preferred scheme, when the bananas are dwarfed, a dwarfing agent is used for sequentially carrying out first dwarfing treatment and second dwarfing treatment on newly-planted bananas or perennial bananas, and when the newly-planted bananas are dwarfing treated, the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 20-25 d; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out by spraying, and when the ratoon banana is a ratoon banana without harvesting banana fruits, the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 30-40 days; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out in a spraying mode.
From the above, the method for simply judging the banana dwarfing time node specifically comprises the following steps: s1: leaf age method: marking the newly planted banana (based on 6-leaf 1-heart outplanting) as the 1 st leaf on the leaf stalk of the newly unfolded leaf by using a marking pen, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment when the banana grows to the 12 th to 14 th leaves; s2: the method of fetal leaf spot: at present, most of bananas planted in a cultivation way are canna, when the bananas grow to 8 th to 9 th leaves, black brown mottle stripes can appear on the banana leaves, and the characteristic can fade away gradually along with the growth of plants. According to the characteristic, when 1 st big leaf without the embryo leaf spots is extracted from the banana garden in field observation, the banana grows to 12 th to 14 th leaves, and then the banana dwarfing treatment can be carried out; s3: a bud suction method: according to the growth characteristics of the bananas, the first bud is exposed when the bananas enter a critical point of a vigorous growth period. According to this characteristic, the plantains are observed, and when the plantains planted in the same batch emerge the first suckling bud, dwarfing can be carried out. The method for simply evaluating the banana dwarfing time node and the dwarfing effect has the advantages of rapidness and accuracy, can dwarfing banana plants by broad banana farmers through the plant growth regulator, and reduces the height of the banana plants so as to avoid typhoon or cold damage.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram of a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the dwarfing effect and yield of a newly planted banana in example 1 (normal growth node dwarfing) of the method for simply evaluating the dwarfing time node and dwarfing effect of bananas according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing the dwarfing effect and yield of newly planted bananas in embodiment 2 (node delay of dwarfing) of the method for simply evaluating the node and dwarfing effect of bananas according to the invention.
Fig. 4 is a dwarfing effect and yield measurement result of a newly planted banana in embodiment 3 (dwarfing node is advanced) of the method for simply evaluating the dwarfing time node and dwarfing effect of bananas provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: leaf age method: marking the newly planted banana (based on 6-leaf 1-heart outplanting) as the 1 st leaf on the leaf stalk of the newly unfolded leaf by using a marking pen, and carrying out first dwarfing treatment when the banana grows to the 12 th to 14 th leaves;
s2: the method of fetal leaf spot: at present, most of bananas planted in a cultivation way are canna, when the bananas grow to the 8 th to 9 th leaves, black brown mottle stripes can appear on the banana leaves, and the characteristic can fade away gradually along with the growth of plants. According to the characteristic, when 1 st big leaf without the embryo leaf spots is extracted from the banana garden in field observation, the banana grows to 12 th to 14 th leaves, and then the banana dwarfing treatment can be carried out;
s3: a bud suction method: according to the growth characteristics of the bananas, the first bud is exposed when the bananas enter a critical point of a vigorous growth period. According to this characteristic, the plantains are observed, and when the plantains planted in the same batch emerge the first suckling bud, dwarfing can be carried out.
In a preferred embodiment, when a second dwarfing treatment is required, the treatment is carried out at intervals of 18 to 20 days on the basis of the first dwarfing treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, when the banana orchard is over 28 leaves old or when 60% of the plantain plants have the 5 th-6 th bud suction, the bananas enter the flower bud differentiation stage and can not be dwarfed any more in order not to affect yield and fruit shape.
A method for simply judging the dwarfing effect of bananas specifically comprises the following judging methods: the pitch distance of banana refers to the distance between adjacent petioles on the same side on a pseudostem, and is usually used as an index for judging the growth condition of plants in banana management. The normal pitch spacing of bananas is typically 10-12cm. The dwarfing of bananas is to shorten the internode distance of vegetative growth period by a plant growth regulator so as to achieve the purpose of reducing the height of plants. In Guangxi, when the light-temperature condition is the most sufficient and the water content is the most abundant in 5-8 months, the bananas grow extremely quickly, and 4-5 leaves can grow in one month. After the bananas are dwarfed, the dwarfing effect is judged according to the internode spacing extraction distance in one month:
when the pitch is more than or equal to 5cm, the banana leaves are normally extracted, the buds are normally extracted, and the fruit strips are normal;
when the pitch distance is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4cm, the banana pitch distances are overlapped to a small degree, bud drawing is normal, the comb distance is shortened, and the fruit strips are shorter;
when the pitch is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3cm, the banana pitch is seriously overlapped, bud drawing deformation occurs, and the fruit strips are few and short.
In a preferred embodiment, when dwarfing bananas, the dwarfing treatment is carried out on newly planted bananas or perennial bananas in sequence by using a dwarfing agent for the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment.
In a preferred embodiment, when the new plantain is dwarfing treated, the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 20-25 d; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out by spraying.
In a preferred embodiment, when the ratoon banana is the ratoon banana without harvesting banana fruit, the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 30-40 d; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out by spraying.
Example 1 (normal growth node dwarfing):
on a 10-mu newly planted banana foundation, 5 mu is used as an experimental group, 5 mu is used as a control group (130 plants are planted per mu without spraying a dwarfing agent), and the banana variety is 'canna 9'. The fields of the experimental group and the control group are divided into three cells on average, which is equivalent to 3 times of parallel experiments.
The dwarfing effect and yield of newly planted bananas are determined as shown in the detailed drawing 2.
Before planting, deep-ploughing, ditching and planting are carried out according to a conventional banana planting method, the row spacing of the banana plants is 1.7m multiplied by 2.5m, the planting density per mu is about 145 plants/mu, and the seedling age is 7 leaves. When the banana grows to 18 leaves (2 newly-extracted big leaves in the field, wherein the newly-extracted leaves have no leaf spots), 0.2g of uniconazole is applied to each banana seedling, and the banana seedlings are sprayed downwards from the position 30cm away from the pseudostem base of the banana after being dissolved by adding 200ml of water. And then the bananas are normally managed.
Measuring the new spacing between the banana nodes after dwarfing for one month; when the bud drawing rate of the bananas reaches 50%, counting the bud drawing rate of the bananas, and when the banana fruits grow to 6.5, measuring the yield of the bananas, and counting according to the average yield per mu = average plant yield multiplied by the number of plants per mu;
as can be seen from the attached figure 2, through dwarfing treatment, the plant height of the banana in the experimental group is 19.67cm shorter than that of the banana in the control group, and the leaf spacing of the plant is 4.27cm shorter; when the bud extraction rate of the experimental group reaches 53.98%, the bud extraction rate of the control group is only 23.78%. In terms of yield, the yield of a single experimental banana plant in an experimental group is 24.95kg, the yield of a banana plant in a control group is 26.40kg, and the yield of the single banana plant in the experimental group is lower than that in the control group, because the planting density of the experimental group is higher than that of the control group, the yield difference of the banana plants is limited by light and temperature conditions, but the difference is not obvious, and the yield of the experimental group is 185.70kg higher than that of the control group and the total yield is far higher than that of the control group through comparison of yield per mu.
Example 2 (dwarfing node hysteresis):
on a 6-mu newly planted banana foundation, 3 mu is used as an experimental group, 3 mu is used as a control group (130 plants are planted per mu without spraying a dwarfing agent), and the banana variety is 'canna 9'. The fields of the experimental group and the control group are equally divided into three cells, which is equivalent to 3 times of parallel experiments.
The dwarfing effect and yield of newly planted bananas are determined as shown in the detailed drawing 3.
Before planting, deep-ploughing, ditching and planting according to a conventional banana planting method, wherein the row spacing of the banana plants is 1.7m multiplied by 2.5m, the planting density per mu is about 150 plants/mu, and the seedling age is 8 leaves. When the banana grows to 26 leaves (60% of the field has 6 suckers), 0.2g of uniconazole is applied to each banana seedling, and the banana seedlings are sprayed downwards from the position 30cm away from the base of a banana pseudostem after being dissolved by adding 200ml of water. Then the bananas are normally managed.
Measuring the new spacing between the banana nodes after dwarfing for one month; when the bud extraction rate of the bananas reaches 50%, counting the bud extraction rate of the bananas, measuring the yield of the bananas when the banana fruits grow to 6.5, and measuring the yield of the bananas according to a formula: average yield per mu = average plant yield x mu of plants;
as can be seen from the attached figure 3, when the plant is dwarfed in the bud differentiation stage, the internode distance, the bud extraction rate and the yield of the plant are influenced by different degrees. The plant height of the experimental group is shorter than that of the control group by 22cm, the internode distance is averagely shortened by 6.09cm, the average internode distance is only 3.94cm, and the leaves are overlapped to a medium degree. The bud extraction time of the experimental group is delayed compared with that of the control group, and when the bud extraction rate of the control group is 51.40%, the bud extraction rate of the experimental group is only 30.81%. In terms of yield, the yield of each plant in the experimental group is 3.89kg lower than that of the control group, and the average yield per mu is 182.9kg lower than that of the control group. It can be seen that the choice of the dwarfing time node is very critical.
Example 3 (dwarfing node advanced):
on a newly planted banana foundation of 5 mu, 2 mu is used as an experimental group, 3 mu is used as a control group (130 plants are planted per mu without spraying a dwarfing agent), and the banana variety is 'canna 9'. The fields of the experimental group and the control group are equally divided into three cells, which is equivalent to 3 times of parallel experiments.
Before planting, deep-ploughing, ditching and planting according to a conventional banana planting method, wherein the row spacing of the banana plants is 1.7m multiplied by 2.5m, the planting density per mu is about 150 plants/mu, and the seedling age is 8 leaves. When 10 leaves (60% of field and embryo leaf spots) grow in banana, 0.2g of uniconazole is applied to each banana seedling, and the banana seedlings are added with 200ml of water to be dissolved and then are sprayed downwards from the position 30cm away from the base part of a pseudostem of the banana. Then the bananas are normally managed.
Measuring the new spacing between the banana nodes after dwarfing for one month; when the bud drawing rate of the banana reaches 50%, counting the bud drawing rate of the banana, and when the banana fruit grows to 6.5, measuring the yield of the banana according to the formula: average yield per mu = average plant yield x mu of plants.
The dwarfing effect and yield determination result of the newly planted banana are shown in the attached figure 4 in detail; .
As can be seen from the attached figure 4, when the plant is not dwarfed in the vigorous growth period, the plant is easy to have a runt seedling (growth is in a stagnation state), and the internode distance, the bud extraction rate and the yield of the plant are all influenced by different degrees. The average plant height of the experimental group is only 242cm, the plant height of the experimental group is 50.33cm shorter than that of the control group, the average internode distance is only 2.98cm, and the severity of leaves is superposed. The bud extraction time of the experimental group is delayed compared with that of the control group, and when the bud extraction rate of the control group is 50.36%, the bud extraction rate of the experimental group is only 20.31%. In terms of yield, the yield of each plant in the experimental group is 5.99kg lower than that of the control group, and the average yield per mu is 495.32kg lower than that of the control group. As can be seen, premature dwarfing has a very serious effect on the growth of banana plants, which can cause serious yield reduction.
By combining the above examples, it can be seen that it is very critical to select the dwarfing time node in good time. The influence of the dwarfing agent on the growth of banana plants can be judged visually through the expression of the field internode distance after the dwarfing treatment. The excessive dwarfing needs timely supplement of a regulator or a fertilizer for timely intervention so as to avoid greater loss
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for simply judging banana dwarfing time nodes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: leaf age method: marking the newly planted banana (based on 6-leaf 1-heart outplanting) as the 1 st leaf on the leaf stalk of the newly unfolded leaf by using a marker pen (only 1-2 plants need to be marked in one banana garden), and carrying out first dwarfing treatment when the banana grows to the 12 th-14 th leaf;
s2: the method of fetal leaf spot: at present, most bananas cultivated and planted are banana fruits, when the bananas grow to 8 th to 9 th leaves, black brown mottled streaks can appear on banana leaves, and the characteristic can fade away gradually along with the growth of plants; according to the characteristic, when 1 st big leaf without the embryo leaf spots is extracted from the banana garden in field observation, the banana grows to 12 th to 14 th leaves, and then the banana dwarfing treatment can be carried out;
s3: a bud suction method: according to the growth characteristics of the bananas, when the bananas enter a critical point of a vigorous growth period, the first bud is exposed; according to this characteristic, the plantains are observed, and when the plantains planted in the same batch emerge the first suckling bud, dwarfing can be carried out.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second dwarfing treatment is carried out at intervals of 18-20 days on the basis of the first dwarfing treatment when the second dwarfing treatment is required.
3. The method for easily evaluating the dwarfing time node of bananas according to claim 2, characterized in that when the banana orchard is over 28 leaves old or when 60% of the banana plantations have the 5 th to 6 th bud absorption, the bananas enter the flower bud differentiation period and can not be dwarfed any more in order not to affect the yield and fruit shape.
4. A method for simply judging the dwarfing effect of bananas is characterized by comprising the following judging methods: after the bananas are dwarfed, the dwarfing effect is judged according to the internode distance extraction distance in one month:
when the pitch spacing is more than or equal to 5cm, the banana leaves are normally extracted, the buds are normally extracted, and the fruit strips are normal;
when the pitch is more than 3 and less than or equal to 4cm, the banana pitch is slightly overlapped, the bud drawing is normal, the comb pitch is shortened, and the fruit strips are shorter than the normal fruit strips;
when the pitch is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3cm, the banana pitch is seriously overlapped, bud drawing deformation occurs, and the fruit strips are few and short.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the dwarfing effect of banana is obtained by using a dwarfing agent to perform a first dwarfing treatment and a second dwarfing treatment on newly planted banana or a perennial banana in sequence.
6. The method for easily evaluating the dwarfing effect of bananas as claimed in claim 5, wherein the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 20-25 days when the new plantains are dwarfing treated; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out by spraying.
7. The method for easily evaluating the dwarfing effect of bananas according to claim 6, characterized in that when the perennial bananas are perennial bananas without harvested banana fruits, the time interval between the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment is 30-40 days; the first dwarfing treatment and the second dwarfing treatment are carried out in a spraying mode.
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