CN113068558A - Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves - Google Patents
Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves Download PDFInfo
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- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract 18
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 170
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009668 clonal growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 58
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 241000592344 Spermatophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000006468 Thea sinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001092459 Rubus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023597 hemostasis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and discloses a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting area; 2) soil preparation and ridge raising; 3) selecting varieties and seedlings; 4) planting; 5) cultivating and managing the vegetative strains; 6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant; 7) and (5) cultivating and managing the fruits and the leaves. The invention provides a sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose ecological planting method according to the clonal growth of sweet tea, the alternation of parent plant and sub-plant generations and the sprouting characteristics of the sweet tea, the planting method can harvest fruits and leaves in the same year, the total annual acre yield of the fruits and the leaves in the third year can reach 13472 yuan, the average acre yield in the first three years can reach 7392 yuan, the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation is realized, the ecological benefit of sweet tea planting is improved, the balanced harvest of the sweet tea fruit and leaves is realized, the planting income is improved, the cultivation method is simple, the large-scale popularization is easy, and an effective planting method is provided for improving the economic income of local masses in mountainous areas in the south of China.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves.
Background
The sweet tea in Guangxi province is perennial shrub of rubus in Rosaceae, is an extremely precious characteristic resource plant with 3 effects of tea, sugar and medicine, which is specific to Guangxi province, the sweet tea can be drunk as tea, the extracted sweet tea can be used as food sweet seasoning, the root has the effects of detumescence, hemostasis and the like, the leaf has the effects of clearing heat, moistening lung and resisting allergy, and the sweet tea becomes a characteristic medicinal plant with great development prospect in the fields of traditional Chinese medicine, health care, beauty and skin care in the world at present.
Most of the sweet tea naturally grows by the reproduction and renewal of tillering seedlings, wherein the branch with the sprouting of adventitious buds of branch roots can reach several meters from a mother plant and is a typical rhizome clone plant, new branch plants sprout from the adventitious buds of the root part and the horizontal branch root in 2 to 3 months every year, the growth stops in about 7 months, branches and leaves are basically shaped, branches and leaves are luxuriant, leaves gradually turn yellow and fall after 11 months, overwintering mixed buds are formed in most leaf armpits of lateral branches, young sweet tea plants enter a sexual maturity stage after one year growth, the overwintering buds on the lateral branches sprout in the next 2 months, new tips and flowers are extracted, the leaves expand first, new branch plants sprout from the roots, the fruit maturity stage is 5 to 6 months, the plants die gradually after fruit maturity, the overground part of each sweet tea plant has annual and biennial seed plants and biennial mother plants, the plants die after each year, and the plants are circulated in such a way, the generations alternate, therefore, only one planting is needed, and the seeds can be harvested for many years.
Traditionally, the sweet tea is a perennial leaf picking medicinal plant, because the management is extensive and the understanding of the clone growth characteristic of the sweet tea is lacking, about 250kg of dry leaves are generally produced per mu and sold according to 20 yuan/kg, the yield per mu is about 5000 yuan, the market value of sweet tea fruits is higher and higher in recent years, and the market price of the dry fruits is about 60 yuan/kg, so that the development of a fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting technology of the sweet tea is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the dual-purpose economic attribute of sweet tea fruit and leaf, but the traditional planting only aims at leaf picking, the planting technology is backward, and the current situation of the dual-purpose planting technology of fruit and leaf is further lacked, the dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruit and leaf is provided according to the clone growth of sweet tea, the generation alternation of parent plant and sub-plant, and the characteristics of fruit and sprout, so that the dual-purpose cultivation of sweet tea fruit and leaf is realized, and the economic and ecological benefits of sweet tea planting are improved.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves comprises the following steps: 1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 2.0m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) and (3) cultivation and management of the nutrient plants: in the same year of planting, except timely removing weeds, topping when seedlings are about 110cm high, keeping the seedlings about 100cm high, when the plants basically stop growing, carrying out topping bud leaf picking on the whole plants, trimming withered, weak and diseased branches after leaf picking, cleaning a plantation, dressing 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu, and avoiding digging to hurt the roots of the sweet tea to the greatest extent;
6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: the method comprises the following steps that 1 parent plant transplanted in the next year in the last year and 1 child plant close to the middle of 2 parent plants and the base part of each parent plant and the strongest child plant are reserved in the next year, the parent plant is kept about 100cm in height and topped, the rest of root-tillering seedlings are sheared off by adhering to the ground, the parent plant in the whole year is harvested for 2 times, the child plants in the far positions are harvested for 2 times, leaves of the base child plants are not harvested to serve as the parent plants for the next year, harvesting is carried out for 4 times in the whole year, and trimming, garden clearing and fertilizing are carried out in winter in the same first year;
7) and (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: and in the third year, the top pruning and the retaining mode of the newly germinated sub-plants are the same as those in the second year, when the fruits of the mother plants turn from green to yellow, the horizontal trimming and leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plants, the height of the tree bodies of the mother plants is kept to be about 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub-plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plants are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plants, the sub-plants are harvested, pruned out of the garden and subjected to fertilization management in the same first year, the leaves of the annual mother plants are picked 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time.
Preferably, the step (6) of harvesting the stock plant refers to horizontally trimming and harvesting the leaves of the stock plant with the height of 100cm when the new leaves of the stock plant are basically mature, keeping the new buds on the old branches as much as possible, enabling the stock plant to obtain sunlight, continuously growing the new buds of the stock plant after trimming, providing nutrition for the stock plant with immature leaves, and fully cutting and harvesting the leaves of the stock plant when the new buds of the stock plant are mature again.
Preferably, the cultivation of the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant in the step (6) means that each of the annual transplanted mother plants retains the base and 1 of the strongest root-tillering seedlings close to the median position of 2 mother plants (respectively called as a base seed plant and a distant seed plant), the seed plant retains about 100cm of height and is topped, the rest root-tillering seedlings are cut off by being stuck to the ground, the base seed plant does not pick leaves all the year round and remains as a next-year fruiting mother plant and provides nutrition for the distant seed plant which picks leaves, 2 times of leaves are picked all the year round from the distant seed plant, namely, the top-bud leaf picking is carried out when the second-level branch leaves are mature, and the full-cutting leaf picking is carried out when newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for ecologically planting sweet tea leaves in dual purposes aiming at the current situation that the traditional planting of the characteristic economic plant sweet tea with the dual-purpose functions of fruit and leaves only takes leaves as a harvesting part, the planting technology is backward and the dual-purpose planting technology of the fruit and leaves is further lack, according to the clonal growth of the sweet tea, the generation alternation of parent plants and sub-plants, the fruit and sprout characteristics, the planting method can harvest in the same year, the per mu yield of the fruit and the leaves in the third year can reach 13472 yuan, the per mu yield in the first three years can reach 7392 yuan, the dual-purpose cultivation of the fruit and the leaves of the sweet tea is realized, the ecological benefit of the sweet tea planting is improved, the invention has the outstanding advantages that according to the growth characteristics of the sweet tea, the clonal growth characteristics are fully utilized, after the fruit and the leaves are harvested by the parent plant, the new buds of the parent plant are trimmed, the immature sub-plants of the leaves can be harvested for the second time, nutrition is provided, when the young plants are left, 1 young plant is reserved at the base part and the distance of the mother plant respectively, but leaves are only picked from the young plants, the young plants at the base part do not pick leaves all the year round and are reserved as the mother plants of the next year, so that the influence of leaf picking on the fruiting of the next year can be avoided, nutrition can be provided for the young plants at the distance of leaf picking, the yield of leaves and fruits can be improved, the characteristics of sweet tea clone growth and the alternation of the generation of the mother plants and the young plants are fully combined, the 4-time leaf picking and 1-time fruit picking of sweet tea in one year are realized, the balanced picking of the leaves of the sweet tea is realized, the planting income is improved, the cultivation method is simple, the large-scale popularization is easy, and an effective planting method is provided for improving the economic income of local masses in mountainous.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) and (3) cultivation and management of the nutrient plants: the method is characterized in that the weeds are removed in time in the same year, the seedlings are topped when the height is about 110cm, the seedling height is kept about 100cm, when the plants basically stop growing, only tender leaves at the top ends of branches are kept for leaf picking of the whole plants, withered, weak and diseased branches are trimmed after leaf picking, a plantation is cleaned, 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is applied per mu, root systems of the sweet tea which transversely walk are prevented from being dug to the greatest extent, the leaves are picked once in the first year, and the yield of dry leaves per mu can reach 55.0 kg;
6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: topping newly germinated root-tillering seedlings (sub-plants) in the next year when the height is about 110cm, keeping the base of each parent plant transplanted in the previous year and 1 each root-tillering seedling (respectively called a base sub-plant and a distant sub-plant) which is the strongest near the median position of 2 parent plants, keeping the height of the sub-plants about 100cm, cutting off the rest root-tillering seedlings by adhering to the ground, horizontally trimming and harvesting the parent plant when the new leaves of the parent plant are basically mature, keeping the tree height of the parent plant about 100cm, keeping the new buds on old branches as much as possible, enabling the sub-plants to obtain sunlight, fully cutting the parent plant when the leaves of the new buds of the parent plant are trimmed and kept to be mature basically, keeping the top buds to harvest the leaves when the leaves of the secondary branches of the distant sub-plants are mature, fully cutting the 2 nd-time leaf harvesting when the newly germinated branches are mature again, providing nutrition for the young plants of the base plants in the next year, pruning a garden, fertilizing in the same first year, and picking leaves 4 times in the second year, wherein the dry leaf yield per mu can reach 417.6 kg;
7) and (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: the top pruning and the retaining mode of the newly germinated sub-plants in the third year are the same as the second year, when the fruits of the mother plant turn from green to yellow, the horizontal trimming and leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plant, the height of the tree body of the mother plant is kept to be about 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub-plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plant are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plant, the sub-plants are harvested, garden trimming and fertilization management are carried out in the same first year, the leaves of the mother plant are picked 2 times and the fruits are picked 1 time all the year round, the leaves of the sub-plants are picked 2 times far away, the dry leaf yield per mu can reach 432.4 kg.
Example two:
the sweet tea field planting, the nutrition plant cultivation and management method, the mother plant harvesting mode and the daughter plant retaining mode in the second year are the same as in example 1, but the daughter plant leaf harvesting mode of the sweet tea from the second year, namely the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant cultivation mode is different, namely, in the second year, when branches and leaves of the daughter plant are mature, terminal bud leaf harvesting is simultaneously carried out on the base and the distant daughter plant, when newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again, full cutting leaf harvesting is carried out on the distant daughter plant, the base daughter plant is not used as the next year mother plant, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as in example 1.
Example three:
the sweet tea field planting, the nutrition plant cultivation and management method, the mother plant harvesting mode and the daughter plant retaining mode in the second year are the same as in example 1, but the daughter plant leaf harvesting mode of the sweet tea from the second year, namely the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant cultivation mode is different, namely, in the second year, when branches and leaves of the daughter plant are mature, terminal bud leaf harvesting is simultaneously carried out on a base part and a distant daughter plant, when newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again, full cutting leaf harvesting is carried out on the distant daughter plant, after terminal bud leaf harvesting is carried out on the base part, the base part daughter plant is reserved as the next year mother plant, and the cultivation and management mode is the same as in example 1.
Example four:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the mother plant harvesting mode in the second year are the same as example 1, but the child plant retaining mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, no leaf is harvested all the year round to be reserved as the next year mother plant, only the mother plant is harvested all the year round, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Example five:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the second-year mother plant harvesting mode are the same as example 1, but the child plant retention mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, when branches and leaves of the child plant in the second year are mature, terminal bud retaining leaf picking is carried out on the base child plant, when newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again, leaves are not picked and are retained as the next-year mother plant, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Example six:
the sweet tea field planting, nutrient plant cultivation and management method and the second-year stock plant harvesting mode are the same as example 1, but the child plant retention mode of the sweet tea from the second year is different, namely only 1 base child plant is retained, when branches and leaves of the child plant in the second year are mature, terminal buds are retained for leaf picking of the base child plant, when newly-germinated branches and leaves are mature again, terminal buds are retained for leaf picking, the next-year stock plant is reserved, and other cultivation and management modes are the same as example 1.
Tables 1 and 2 below show the yield and value of sweet tea leaves and fruits in examples 1 to 6, in which examples 1 to 3 retained 2 sub-plants from the second year of planting (i.e. 1 sub-plant at the base of the parent plant and at a distance from the parent plant), but the sub-plants were picked differently; examples 4 to 6 all only 1 basal cotyledon is reserved from the second year of planting, but the cotyledon picking mode of the cotyledon is different, and the results show that in 6 examples, the management mode of reserving 2 cotyledon from the second year of planting is better than that of reserving only 1 basal cotyledon, wherein the planting method in example 1 is the best, the sweet tea clonal growth characteristics are utilized, 1 cotyledon is reserved at the basal part of the mother plant and in a distance, wherein the basal cotyledon does not pick leaves in the current year and is reserved as the mother plant in the next year, not only can the germination and blossom of the leaves of the mother plant in the next year be promoted, but also the nutrition can be provided for the cotyledon at a position far away from the leaves picked in the current year, the leaf picking mode of the mother plant in the whole year can be realized 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time, the fruits and the fruits are picked 2 times by the daughter plant in the third year, the sweet tea can be planted in the mode, the leaf yield can reach 432.4kg and the fruits yield can reach 80.4kg and the yield can reach 13472, the yield per mu in the first three years can reach 7392 yuan.
Table 1: acre yields of annual sweet tea leaves and fruits in different examples
Table 2: acre yield value of three-year-old sweet tea and fruit planted by example
(average dry leaf price is 20 yuan/kg, and dry fruit is 60 yuan/kg)
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. The dual-purpose ecological planting method for the sweet tea fruits and the sweet tea leaves is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) selecting a planting area: in southern hills or mountainous areas, flat lands or terraced lands which are fertile in soil, good in drainage and free of water accumulation are selected as the sweet tea fruit and leaf dual-purpose planting lands;
2) soil preparation and ridge raising: mechanically or manually and comprehensively preparing land, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30 cm, after the land is ploughed for 1 time in a whole way, 500-1000 kg of decomposed manure or compost is scattered per mu, the manure is turned into the soil to be used as base fertilizer, then the manure is finely prepared and harrowed, a ridge is formed after land preparation, the ridge width is 1.4m, the ridge height is 6cm, the ridge length is not limited, and the ridge interval is 0.6 m;
3) selecting varieties and seedlings: the planting variety is Yaoshan sweet tea No. 1, and the seedling is the current-year root-growing tillering seedling;
4) planting: planting a row of sweet tea in the center of each ridge, digging planting pits along the center, planting 1 plant in each planting pit in the center of each ridge, wherein the plant spacing is 2.0m, the row spacing is 2m, the specification of the planting pits is 30cm multiplied by 30cm, applying 1kg of decomposed pig manure as a base fertilizer, carefully digging the annual root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea in spring when the root-tillering seedlings of the sweet tea are 30-60 cm high, and planting the seedlings in the same day;
5) and (3) cultivation and management of the nutrient plants: in the same year of planting, except timely removing weeds, topping when seedlings are about 110cm high, keeping the seedlings about 100cm high, when the plants basically stop growing, carrying out topping bud leaf picking on the whole plants, trimming withered, weak and diseased branches after leaf picking, cleaning a plantation, dressing 50kg of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer per mu, and avoiding digging to hurt the roots of the sweet tea to the greatest extent;
6) cultivating the fruit and leaf dual-purpose mother plant: the method comprises the following steps that 1 parent plant transplanted in the next year in the last year and 1 child plant close to the middle of 2 parent plants and the base part of each parent plant and the strongest child plant are reserved in the next year, the parent plant is kept about 100cm in height and topped, the rest of root-tillering seedlings are sheared off by adhering to the ground, the parent plant in the whole year is harvested for 2 times, the child plants in the far positions are harvested for 2 times, leaves of the base child plants are not harvested to serve as the parent plants for the next year, harvesting is carried out for 4 times in the whole year, and trimming, garden clearing and fertilizing are carried out in winter in the same first year;
7) and (3) fruit and leaf dual-purpose cultivation management: and in the third year, the top pruning and the retaining mode of the newly germinated sub-plants are the same as those in the second year, when the fruits of the mother plants turn from green to yellow, the horizontal trimming and leaf picking and fruit picking are carried out on the mother plants, the height of the tree bodies of the mother plants is kept to be about 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the sub-plants can obtain sunlight, when the leaves of the new buds of the mother plants are kept to be basically mature, the full cutting and leaf picking are carried out on the mother plants, the sub-plants are harvested, pruned out of the garden and subjected to fertilization management in the same first year, the leaves of the annual mother plants are picked 2 times, the fruits are picked 1 time.
2. The ecological planting method for sweet tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (6) of harvesting the stock plant means that when the new leaves of the stock plant are basically mature, the stock plant is trimmed to harvest leaves with a height of 100cm, the new buds on old branches are kept as much as possible, the stock plant can obtain sunlight, the new buds of the stock plant continue to grow after trimming, nutrition is provided for the stock plant with immature leaves, and the stock plant is subjected to full cutting to harvest leaves when the new buds of the stock plant are mature again.
3. The ecological planting method for sweet tea and fruit leaves according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation of the fruit-leaf dual-purpose mother plant in the step (6) means that each of the annual transplanted mother plants retains the base of the mother plant and 1 of the strongest root tillering seedlings (respectively called as a base sub-plant and a distant sub-plant) close to the median position of 2 mother plants, the sub-plants are topped with the remaining height of about 100cm, the rest root tillering seedlings are cut off by adhering to the ground, the base sub-plants do not take leaves all the year and remain as the fruiting mother plants of the next year, nutrition is provided for the distant sub-plants with leaves, the distant sub-plants harvest 2 times all the year, namely leave the terminal buds and harvest the leaves when the secondary branch leaves are mature, and carry out full-cutting and harvest when the newly germinated branches and leaves are mature again.
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| CN202110292965.2A CN113068558B (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2021-03-18 | Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves |
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| CN113950948A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-21 | 浙江寿仙谷医药股份有限公司 | Harvesting method for improving quality and yield of dendrobium officinale |
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