CN103918530B - A kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods, comprise greenhouse gardening, select improved seeds, seedling-cultivating tray nursery, rational close planting, pinch training, rich water quality management, timely collecting.The inventive method cultivation cowpea, output is high, and damage by disease and insect is few, and the young pod meat plumpness grown is tender and crisp, and Vc content is high.

Description

A kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention relates to arviculture field, be specifically related to a kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods.

Technical background

Cowpea is very large in China's cultivated area, and kind is more.Its young pod meat plumpness is tender and crisp, is the fresh vegetables of high-quality; Cowpea bean sprouts, seedling, tender leaf, tender pod all can make green vegetables and eat; Fresh beanpod also can pickle pickles, can processed and drying storage.Cowpea growth is fast, with luxuriant foliage and spreading branches in leafy profusion, becomes the climing crude protein that contains of the stem of pod phase up to 21.38%, nutritious, is also good green fodder.

Summary of the invention

The invention discloses a kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods.The cowpea output of the inventive method cultivation is high, and young pod meat plumpness is tender and crisp, and Vc content is high.

The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

A kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods, is characterized in that, specifically comprise following content:

(1) greenhouse gardening; Selection air permeability is good, conditioning convenient and the high temperature sun light green house plantation that heat insulation effect is high;

(2) improved seeds are selected: select precocious, disease-resistant, high yield, high-quality kind such as No. two, a pool cowpea, morning to give birth to king's cowpea, black seed king cowpea etc.;

(3) matrix point disk seedling growing is adopted: sowing in 18-22 days before field planting, nursery temperature is 25-35 DEG C, seed is put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before broadcasting and is soaked 8-10 minute by cowpea, then the warm water putting into 23-25 DEG C is soaked seed 3-5 hour, period changes water 1-2 time, then pick up, after rinsing well with clear water, after adopting microwave treatment 10-15s again, can sow, matrix in first being coiled in cave waters vola water, water oozes that lower rear matrix is thin spreads one deck, levelling cave panel surface matrix, then by seed sowing in disk hole cave, cave, after planting cover matrix 0.8cm-1.0cm, every cavities sowing 2-3 grain seed, 1 layer of mulch film is covered again on the dish of cave, temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C is kept before emerging, in good time aeration-cooling after emerging, in order to avoid cause rice shoot excessive growth, temperature rests in 23 ~ 25 DEG C and is advisable, wherein, the compound method of matrix is: first by weight being peat: mushroom residue: vermiculite=1: the ratio of 1: 1 is mixed to get compound, by every 1m ³add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 200g in compound, Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder 45g, adds N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg simultaneously, 200-300g vitamin C, puddles evenly, namely obtains matrix,

(4) field planting: first use sufficient base manure before field planting wholely, general mu high-quality farmyard manure 2200 ~ 2500kg, N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15 ~ 20kg, borax 2kg, then deep ploughing 24-26 centimetre, furrow are built after raking, ridging, requires ridge face width 75-85cm, furrow width 35-45cm, ridge height 35-45cm, when nursery stage reaches about 28 days by the time, carry out transplant planting, every ridge field planting 2 row, spacing in the rows 30cm, mu seedling 3300-3500 strain;

(5) pluck top: after field planting at the temperature of 30-35 DEG C, cowpea growth starts to pluck top for 8-12 days;

(6) draw climing and training cowpea and start built when growing to 5 ~ 6 leaves, 1 mao bamboon bar is inserted in every strain, the high 2 ~ 2.3m of bar, and want timely human assistance draw climing added after being plugged, preferably select in the afternoon carrying out of fine day, now stem is climing more pliable and tougher, is not easily fractureed when operating; When cowpea plant grows to 9-10 leaf, the top heart to be extractd in time when length is about 1.5 meters, retain growing point and flower fringe on 1 leaf when lateral bine growing a leaf and extract the top heart again, general first inflorescence executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably fruit, executes 1 time every 1 week later, execute 10 ~ 15kg nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer for every mu, period often gathers 2 ~ 3 times, sprays blade face with the urea of 1% ~ 2%, can make blade thickness, hyperchromic, extend picking time, effectively improve Pod Bearing Percentage;

(7) extermination of disease and insect pest

(8) timely collecting.

Described cowpea high-yield implantation methods, is characterized in that: the seedling-cultivating tray in the Pan Wei50 hole, cave described in step (2), specification is 54cm × 27cm.

Described cowpea high-yield implantation methods, is characterized in that: the compound method of the Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder described in step (2) is: a, take following Chinese medicinal herb raw medicine tuber of stemona 20-30, rhizome of cyrtomium 30-40, nidus vespae 30-40, Chinese aloe leaf 20-30, smallpox 30-40 of ancient India, longan bark 30-40, Chinese wingnut root 30-40, dandelion 30-40, tarragon 30-40, alumen 20-30, kuh-seng 20-30, frutus cnidii 20-30 by weight; B, to pulverize after the bulk drug natural seasoning taken, extract 3-4 time by 85-95% reflow of alcohol under putting 70 DEG C of conditions, each 2-3 hour, filter phegma merging, spraying dry, the Chinese herbal medicine lixiviate powder obtained.

Beneficial effect of the present invention:

The inventive method cultivation cowpea, output is high, and damage by disease and insect is few, and the young pod meat plumpness grown is tender and crisp, and Vc content is high.

Embodiment

A kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods, specifically comprises following content:

(1) greenhouse gardening; Selection air permeability is good, conditioning convenient and the high temperature sun light green house plantation that heat insulation effect is high;

(2) improved seeds are selected: select precocious, disease-resistant, high yield, high-quality kind to open No. two, pool cowpea;

(3) matrix point disk seedling growing is adopted: the seedling-cultivating tray in 50 holes, specification is 54cm × 27cm, in field planting sowing in first 20 days, nursery temperature is 30 DEG C, seed is put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before broadcasting and is soaked 9 minutes by cowpea, then the warm water putting into 24 DEG C is soaked seed 4 hours, period changes water 2 times, then pick up, after rinsing well with clear water, after adopting microwave treatment 12s again, can sow, matrix in first being coiled in cave waters vola water, water oozes that lower rear matrix is thin spreads one deck, levelling cave panel surface matrix, then by seed sowing in disk hole cave, cave, after planting cover matrix 0.9cm, every cavities sows 3 seeds, 1 layer of mulch film is covered again on the dish of cave, temperature 30 DEG C is kept before emerging, in good time aeration-cooling after emerging, in order to avoid cause rice shoot excessive growth, temperature rests in 24 DEG C and is advisable, wherein, the compound method of matrix is: take peat, mushroom residue, vermiculite first by weight, than being peat: mushroom residue: vermiculite=1: the ratio of 1: 1 is mixed to get compound, by every 1m ³add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 200g in compound, Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder 45g, adds N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg simultaneously, 200-300g vitamin C, puddles evenly, namely obtains matrix,

(4) field planting: first use sufficient base manure before field planting wholely, general mu high-quality farmyard manure 2200 ~ 2500kg, N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15 ~ 20kg, borax 2kg, then deep ploughing 24-26 centimetre, furrow are built after raking, ridging, requires ridge face width 75-85cm, furrow width 35-45cm, ridge height 35-45cm, when nursery stage reaches about 28 days by the time, carry out transplant planting, every ridge field planting 2 row, spacing in the rows 30cm, mu seedling 3300-3500 strain;

(5) pluck top: after field planting at the temperature of 30-35 DEG C, cowpea growth starts to pluck top for 8-12 days;

(6) draw climing and training cowpea and start built when growing to 5 ~ 6 leaves, 1 mao bamboon bar is inserted in every strain, the high 2 ~ 2.3m of bar, and want timely human assistance draw climing added after being plugged, preferably select in the afternoon carrying out of fine day, now stem is climing more pliable and tougher, is not easily fractureed when operating; When cowpea plant grows to 9-10 leaf, the top heart to be extractd in time when length is about 1.5 meters, retain growing point and flower fringe on 1 leaf when lateral bine growing a leaf and extract the top heart again, general first inflorescence executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably fruit, executes 1 time every 1 week later, execute 10 ~ 15kg nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer for every mu, period often gathers 2 ~ 3 times, sprays blade face with the urea of 1% ~ 2%, can make blade thickness, hyperchromic, extend picking time, effectively improve Pod Bearing Percentage;

(7) extermination of disease and insect pest;

(8) timely collecting.

Generally spend latter 10 ~ 12 days, be Harvesting Date when seed does not appear, when gathering, the inflorescence pulling retention prevented, gather in batches, go on the market in time.

Wherein, the compound method of Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder is: a, take the following Chinese medicinal herb raw medicine tuber of stemona 25, rhizome of cyrtomium 35, nidus vespae 35, Chinese aloe leaf 28, smallpox of ancient India 35, longan bark 35, Chinese wingnut root 35, dandelion 35, tarragon 35, alumen 28, kuh-seng 25, frutus cnidii 25 by weight; B, to pulverize after the bulk drug natural seasoning taken, extract 4 times by 85-95% reflow of alcohol under putting 70 DEG C of conditions, each 3 hours, filter phegma and merge, spraying dry, the Chinese herbal medicine lixiviate powder obtained.

The cultivation results contrast of cowpea cultivation method of the present invention and conventional cowpea cultivation method sees the following form.

	Production cycle	Per mu yield (jin)	Cowpea commodity rate %
				Conventional method is cultivated	30 days	6000	60
Cultivation method of the present invention	70 days	27000	90

Can significantly draw from table, the cultivation method of cowpea of the present invention is compared with conventional method, and output significantly improves, commodity rate is high, and economic benefit improves 400%.

Claims (2)

1. a cowpea high-yield implantation methods, is characterized in that, specifically comprises following content:

(1) greenhouse gardening; Selection air permeability is good, conditioning convenient and the high temperature sun light green house plantation that heat insulation effect is high;

(2) improved seeds are selected: select precocious, disease-resistant, high yield, high-quality kind to open No. two, pool cowpea, early raw king's cowpea, black seed king cowpea;

(3) matrix point disk seedling growing is adopted: sowing in 18-22 days before field planting, nursery temperature is 25-35 DEG C, seed is put into 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate before broadcasting and is soaked 8-10 minute by cowpea, then the warm water putting into 23-25 DEG C is soaked seed 3-5 hour, period changes water 1-2 time, then pick up, after rinsing well with clear water, after adopting microwave treatment 10-15s again, can sow, matrix in first being coiled in cave waters vola water, water oozes that lower rear matrix is thin spreads one deck, levelling cave panel surface matrix, then by seed sowing in disk hole cave, cave, after planting cover matrix 0.8cm-1.0cm, every cavities sowing 2-3 grain seed, 1 layer of mulch film is covered again on the dish of cave, temperature 28 ~ 33 DEG C is kept before emerging, in good time aeration-cooling after emerging, in order to avoid cause rice shoot excessive growth, temperature rests in 23 ~ 25 DEG C and is advisable, wherein, the compound method of matrix is: first by weight being peat: mushroom residue: vermiculite=1: the ratio of 1: 1 is mixed to get compound, add 50% carbendazol wettable powder 200g by every 1m3 compound, Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder 45g, adds N P and K Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 1kg simultaneously, 200-300g vitamin C, puddles evenly, namely obtains matrix,

The compound method of described Chinese herbal medicine germicide powder is: a, take following Chinese medicinal herb raw medicine tuber of stemona 20-30, rhizome of cyrtomium 30-40, nidus vespae 30-40, Chinese aloe leaf 20-30, smallpox 30-40 of ancient India, longan bark 30-40, Chinese wingnut root 30-40, dandelion 30-40, tarragon 30-40, alumen 20-30, kuh-seng 20-30, frutus cnidii 20-30 by weight; B, to pulverize after the bulk drug natural seasoning taken, extract 3-4 time by 85-95% reflow of alcohol under putting 70 DEG C of conditions, each 2-3 hour, filter phegma merging, spraying dry, the Chinese herbal medicine lixiviate powder obtained;

(4) field planting: first use sufficient base manure before field planting wholely, mu high-quality fertilizer 5000 ~ 6000kg, potassium sulfate 75-100kg, superphosphate 100-150kg, borax 2kg, then deep ploughing 24-26 centimetre, build furrow after raking, ridging, require ridge face width 75-85cm, furrow width 35-45cm, ridge height 35-45cm, by the time when nursery stage reaches 28 days, transplant planting is carried out, every ridge field planting 2 row, spacing in the rows 30cm, mu seedling 3300-3500 strain;

(5) pluck top: after field planting at the temperature of 30-35 DEG C, cowpea growth starts to pluck top for 8-12 days;

(6) draw climing and training cowpea and start built when growing to 5 ~ 6 leaves, 1 mao bamboon bar is inserted in every strain, the high 2 ~ 2.3m of bar, and want timely human assistance draw climing added after being plugged, select in the afternoon carrying out of fine day, now stem is climing more pliable and tougher, is not easily fractureed when operating; When cowpea plant grows to 9-10 leaf, the top heart to be extractd in time when length is 1.5 meters, retain growing point and flower fringe on 1 leaf when lateral bine growing a leaf and extract the top heart again, the first inflorescence executes 1 fertilizer after occupying stably fruit, executes 1 time every 1 week later, execute 10 ~ 15kg nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer for every mu, period often gathers 2 ~ 3 times, sprays blade face with the urea of 1% ~ 2%, can make blade thickness, hyperchromic, extend picking time, effectively improve Pod Bearing Percentage;

(7) extermination of disease and insect pest;

(8) timely collecting.

2. cowpea high-yield implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the seedling-cultivating tray in the Pan Wei50 hole, cave described in step (3), specification is 54cm × 27cm.