CN104521479A

CN104521479A - Early spring cowpea planting method

Info

Publication number: CN104521479A
Application number: CN201410739340.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵玉萍
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-12-08
Filing date: 2014-12-08
Publication date: 2015-04-22

Abstract

The invention relates to an early spring cowpea planting technology according to the characteristic of the cowpea which is thermophile and hygrophilous. The cowpea can come into the market a few months earlier than common cowpea. High benefit can be achieved on the year-on-year basis. By means of the heat insulation effect of a plastic film, the warm environment is provided for seedlings, meanwhile steam can be reserved, and frequent watering is not required. Bunching planting is adopted, first a layer of organic fermentative fertilizer is paved, and then seeds are sown. The fermented organic matter has various organic acid nutrients, and the decomposed organic matter further has a heating function to prevent the new seedlings from being frozen. A conical frame is adopted to improve the stability. Damage caused by wind and spring chill is prevented, the enveloped inorganic fertilizer mingled in the organic fertilizer can release nutrient slowly and directly acts on a root system, and the effect of maximizing nutrient utilization is achieved.

Description

A kind of early spring cowpea implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention is the implantation methods of cowpea in a kind of early spring, belongs to the technology field of plantation.

Background technology

Cowpea requires high temperature, and warm tolerance is strong, and growth thermophilic is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, summer more than 35 DEG C high temperature still can normally bear pods, also not fallen flowers, but not resistance to frost, long period low temperature below 10 DEG C, grows suppressed.Cowpea belongs to short day crop, but belongs to middle photosensitiveness as the asparagus bean of vegetable growing more, and counterglow requires very strict, as red mouth swallow, the kind such as cowpea 28-2, south spring, summer, autumn all can cultivate.Cowpea is wide to soil suitability, as long as draining is good, the field that the soil is porous all can be planted, and beanpod is tender, and pod bearing period requires that rich water is sufficient.

Continuous cropping avoided by cowpea, and on the basis using sufficient base manure, Seedling Stage fertilizer requirement is few, control rich water, especially notes using of nitrogenous fertilizer, in order to avoid cauline leaf excessive growth, branch increases, joint position rising of bearing pods of blooming, and No. of inflorescences reduces, and forms middle and lower part empty climing not to pod.Sheng spends pod bearing period to need rich water many, must heavy dressing to bear pods fertilizer, and impelling blooms bears pods and increase, and prevents early ageing, improves output.For spring cowpea: neat seedling and take out the climing phase and impose 10 ~ 20% people's liquid dung 1 ~ 2 time; When plant enters initial bloom stage, nourish and grow and to go forward side by side with reproductive growth simultaneously, number of results increases, every mu of heavy dressing human excrement 1500 ~ 2000kg, and impelling blooms more bears pods; Between picking time, applied liquid dung once every 4 ~ 5 days, totally 3 ~ 4 times.Cowpea is drought-enduring, and Spring In Southern rainwater is more, need not pour water, and belongs to high temperature and drought season in autumn in summer two, should notice that fertilising is poured water, and to fall pod to reduce fallen flowers, and prevents cissoid from growing early ageing, improves output to extend result.

Cowpea, containing enriching Cobastab, C and phytoprotein, can make people's brains quiet. conditioning digestive system, and eliminate chest diaphragm turgor, can acute gastroenteritis be prevented and treated, vomiting and diarrhoea.There is effect of invigorating the spleen of quenching one's thirst, kidney tonifying stopping leak, nourishing generate fluid.Nature and flavor are sweet flat, good in strengthening stomach and tonifying kidney, and containing the protein being easy to digest and assimilate, also containing multivitamin and trace element etc., contained phosphatide can promote insulin secretion, is the ultimate food of diabetes patient.

Summary of the invention

Early spring cowpea an implantation methods, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:

(1) field management: select the mushy water-melon pulp matter land for growing field crops tractor-ploughing of not planting cowpea for 2 ~ 3 years to dig 20 ~ 30cm degree of depth, dig to centre and gather, pile up height 10 ~ 15cm, row spacing about 80cm;

(2) punch: beat planting hole at the edge on ridge far from the place of furrow about 10cm, every about pitch of holes 30cm, the degree of depth is 5 ~ 6cm, the organic slow-release fertilizer that last layer 2 ~ 3cm is thick is first padded bottom hole, 3 ~ 4 seeds are put in every hole, water permeable after covering ground surface soil, tile face, ridge the ultra-thin mulch film of wide about the 70cm of one deck;

(3) grow to until seedling and carry out rupture of membranes after certain altitude and put seedling, within every 5 ~ 7 days, spray the aqueous solution of 0.004 ~ 0.005% urea content, irrigate;

(4) final-period management: make the conical mount of isosceles triangle when starting to take out climing and traction is main climingly extends on support, destroy main climing beyond lateral bine and Lao Ye, to phase heavy dressing chemical fertilizer of yielding positive results, spread manuer in holes in the mode of liquid castable, every mu of 600 ~ 700Kg, cast per week once.

Organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 20 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 30 ~ 45 parts, brown sugar slag 10 ~ 15 parts, conch meal 5 ~ 10 parts, ash 20 ~ 28 parts and colza cake 50 ~ 60 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 2 ~ 3 parts, heap fermentation 15 ~ 20 days under airtight condition; (2) 10 ~ 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 ~ 12 parts, urea, 7 ~ 9 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 2 ~ 3 parts, graphite powder 5 ~ 8 parts and attapulgite 8 ~ 12 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

Chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 400 ~ 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 10 ~ 14 parts, 5 ~ 8 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 ~ 16 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 ~ 9 parts is made.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention loves wet feature according to cowpea happiness temperature, invent the technology that a kind of early spring plants cowpea, can be early gone public than common cowpea some months, obtain very high income on year-on-year basis, it is the insulation effect utilizing plastic film, the environment that seedling is warm is provided, can also help to keep steam here simultaneously, avoid watering frequently, utilize bunch planting, padded the fertilizer of the organic fermentation of last layer before this, put into seed again, the organic matter of fermentation not only has multiple organic acid nutriment, its organic matter become thoroughly decomposed also has heating function, prevent newly sending out seedling freezing, adopt conical mount, make stability better, chassis is larger, the destruction of blowing and cold spell in spring causes can be prevented, the coating inorganic fertilizer mixed in fertilizer can slow releasing nutrition, act directly on root system, play the maximized effect of nutritional utilization.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

Organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 25 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 45 parts, brown sugar slag 10 parts, conch meal 5 parts, ash 24 parts and colza cake 50 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 3 parts, heap fermentation 19 days under airtight condition; (2) 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 parts, urea, 7 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 3 parts, graphite powder 7 parts and attapulgite 8 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

Chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 12 parts, 5 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 10 parts, 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 parts is made.

Select 5 mu of lands for growing field crops plantation cowpea method plantation cowpea of the present invention, as experimental group, 5 mu of cowpeas method and water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method of control group, the method for other regular maintenance, weeding and desinsection is identical, and result shows: 5 mu of cowpeas of experimental group are when reaching same output, its fertilizer application amount greatly reduces, abundance simultaneously, be convenient to management, other is as manual service, the expense that regular maintenance produces obviously reduces, and economic well-being of workers and staff increases by 26.8% on a year-on-year basis.

Claims

1. early spring cowpea an implantation methods, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:

2. according to claim 1 a kind of early spring cowpea the implantation methods of implantation methods, it is characterized in that the organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 20 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 30 ~ 45 parts, brown sugar slag 10 ~ 15 parts, conch meal 5 ~ 10 parts, ash 20 ~ 28 parts and colza cake 50 ~ 60 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 2 ~ 3 parts, heap fermentation 15 ~ 20 days under airtight condition; (2) 10 ~ 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 ~ 12 parts, urea, 7 ~ 9 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 2 ~ 3 parts, graphite powder 5 ~ 8 parts and attapulgite 8 ~ 12 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

3. according to claim 1 a kind of early spring cowpea the implantation methods of implantation methods, it is characterized in that the chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 400 ~ 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 10 ~ 14 parts, 5 ~ 8 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 ~ 16 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 ~ 9 parts is made.