CN104429532A

CN104429532A - Planting method for summer cowpeas

Info

Publication number: CN104429532A
Application number: CN201410739097.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵玉萍
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-12-08
Filing date: 2014-12-08
Publication date: 2015-03-25

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method for summer cowpeas, which not only can reduce plant diseases and insect pests, but also utilizes insects on the plant for fertilizer fermentation to greatly reduce the use of common fertilizer and protect the natural environment of the filed. The planting method mainly includes the following steps: soaking the land for growing plants through quick lime, exposing under the sun to kill most of pests and eggs as insect infestation is serious in summer; fermenting organic matters such as dry cow dung, plant ash and rape seed cakes to be used for being prepared into a base fertilizer, and mixing the base fertilizer with a chemical fertilizer wrapped with films to jointly improve the soil nutritional structure. Therefore, repeated fertilization at the growing period of cowpeas is not needed, and the planting method avoids the phenomena that the fertilizer application is not proper to cause excessive fertility to further cause that a root of a seedling of cowpeas is too large, lateral buds are too many, and as a result, the ventilation and fruitage are inhibited.

Description

A kind of summer cowpea implantation methods

Technical field

The present invention is the implantation methods of cowpea in a kind of summer, belongs to the technology field of plantation.

Background technology

Cowpea requires high temperature, and warm tolerance is strong, and growth thermophilic is 20 ~ 25 DEG C, summer more than 35 DEG C high temperature still can normally bear pods, also not fallen flowers, but not resistance to frost, long period low temperature below 10 DEG C, grows suppressed.Cowpea belongs to short day crop, but belongs to middle photosensitiveness as the asparagus bean of vegetable growing more, and counterglow requires very strict, as red mouth swallow, the kind such as cowpea 28-2, south spring, summer, autumn all can cultivate.Cowpea is wide to soil suitability, as long as draining is good, the field that the soil is porous all can be planted, and beanpod is tender, and pod bearing period requires that rich water is sufficient.

Continuous cropping avoided by cowpea, and on the basis using sufficient base manure, Seedling Stage fertilizer requirement is few, control rich water, especially notes using of nitrogenous fertilizer, in order to avoid cauline leaf excessive growth, branch increases, joint position rising of bearing pods of blooming, and No. of inflorescences reduces, and forms middle and lower part empty climing not to pod.Sheng spends pod bearing period to need rich water many, must heavy dressing to bear pods fertilizer, and impelling blooms bears pods and increase, and prevents early ageing, improves output.For spring cowpea: neat seedling and take out the climing phase and impose 10 ~ 20% people's liquid dung 1 ~ 2 time; When plant enters initial bloom stage, nourish and grow and to go forward side by side with reproductive growth simultaneously, number of results increases, every mu of heavy dressing human excrement 1500 ~ 2000kg, and impelling blooms more bears pods; Between picking time, applied liquid dung once every 4 ~ 5 days, totally 3 ~ 4 times.Cowpea is drought-enduring, and Spring In Southern rainwater is more, need not pour water, and belongs to high temperature and drought season in autumn in summer two, should notice that fertilising is poured water, and to fall pod to reduce fallen flowers, and prevents cissoid from growing early ageing, improves output to extend result.

Cowpea, containing enriching Cobastab, C and phytoprotein, can make people's brains quiet. conditioning digestive system, and eliminate chest diaphragm turgor, can acute gastroenteritis be prevented and treated, vomiting and diarrhoea.There is effect of invigorating the spleen of quenching one's thirst, kidney tonifying stopping leak, nourishing generate fluid.Nature and flavor are sweet flat, good in strengthening stomach and tonifying kidney, and containing the protein being easy to digest and assimilate, also containing multivitamin and trace element etc., contained phosphatide can promote insulin secretion, is the ultimate food of diabetes patient.

Summary of the invention

Summer cowpea an implantation methods, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:

(1) field management: select the mushy water-melon pulp matter land for growing field crops tractor-ploughing of not planting cowpea for 2 ~ 3 years to dig 20 ~ 30cm degree of depth, every mu of quicklime using 60 ~ 80Kg mixes with the ground surface soil of turning over, add water waterlogged plot 2 ~ 3 days, discharges water afterwards and dry;

(2) ridging: dig to centre and gather, piles up height 15 ~ 20cm, row spacing about 45cm, and surface tiling a layer thickness is the organic slow-release fertilizer of 2 ~ 3cm, mixes, complete after compacting with the subsoil of lower floor about 5 ~ 6cm;

(3) sow: the tpn of dry seed configured in advance plants 30 ~ 40min only, the duplicate rows plantation of single ridge is adopted after ridge irrigating people and animals' liquid dung, seed is imbedded 2 ~ 3cm degree of depth by 20cm spacing, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, within every 3 ~ 5 days, irrigate a water, reality suitably increases and decreases by water requirement, wherein joins the urea of folder 0.003 ~ 0.005% in water;

(4) final-period management: make man-like shelf when starting to take out climing and traction is main climingly extends on support, destroy main climing beyond lateral bine, to phase heavy dressing chemical fertilizer of yielding positive results, the central authorities one being cast in ridge in the mode of liquid castable arrange, every mu of 800 ~ 1000Kg, cast per week once.

Organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 20 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 30 ~ 45 parts, brown sugar slag 10 ~ 15 parts, conch meal 5 ~ 10 parts, ash 20 ~ 28 parts and colza cake 50 ~ 60 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 2 ~ 3 parts, heap fermentation 15 ~ 20 days under airtight condition; (2) 10 ~ 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 ~ 12 parts, urea, 7 ~ 9 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 2 ~ 3 parts, graphite powder 5 ~ 8 parts and attapulgite 8 ~ 12 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

Chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 400 ~ 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 10 ~ 14 parts, 5 ~ 8 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 ~ 16 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 ~ 9 parts is made.

Advantage of the present invention: the present invention's invention be the implantation methods of cowpea in a kind of summer, this method not only can reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect, utilize upper biofermentation fertilizer simultaneously, greatly reduce the usage amount of common fertilizer, also the natural environment in field is played a protective role, its main method is first soaked by land for growing field crops quicklime, be exposed to the sun through the sun again, kill sick worm and the worm's ovum of the overwhelming majority, summer is season of many insect pests, secondly dry cow dung is utilized, the fermentation of the organic matter such as ash and colza cake is used for making base manure, the chemical fertilizer of mixing coating improves soil nutrient structure jointly, fertilising is repeated vegetative period again without the need to cowpea, prevent from exaggerating by the fertile improper fertility that causes, cause cowpea seedling chassis excessive, lateral bud is too much, both unfavorable ventilation, also result is unfavorable for.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1:

Organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 30 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 40 parts, brown sugar slag 12 parts, conch meal 8 parts, ash 25 parts and colza cake 60 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 2 parts, heap fermentation 18 days under airtight condition; (2) 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 parts, urea, 9 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 2 parts, graphite powder 8 parts and attapulgite 10 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

Chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 14 parts, 8 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 parts, 4 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 parts is made.

Select 5 mu of lands for growing field crops plantation cowpea method plantation cowpea of the present invention, as experimental group, 5 mu of cowpeas method and water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method of control group, the method for other regular maintenance, weeding and desinsection is identical, and result shows: 5 mu of cowpeas of experimental group are when reaching same output, its fertilizer application amount greatly reduces, abundance simultaneously, be convenient to management, other is as manual service, the expense that regular maintenance produces obviously reduces, and economic well-being of workers and staff increases by 18.7% on a year-on-year basis.

Claims

1. summer cowpea an implantation methods, it is characterized in that, comprise following step:

2. according to claim 1 a kind of summer cowpea the implantation methods of implantation methods, it is characterized in that the organic slow-release fertilizer described in step (2): (1) mixing 20 ~ 30 parts, sawdust, dry cow dung 30 ~ 45 parts, brown sugar slag 10 ~ 15 parts, conch meal 5 ~ 10 parts, ash 20 ~ 28 parts and colza cake 50 ~ 60 parts, adjustment water content about 30%, admix microbial bacterial agent 2 ~ 3 parts, heap fermentation 15 ~ 20 days under airtight condition; (2) 10 ~ 14 parts, mixed chlorinated potassium, 10 ~ 12 parts, urea, 7 ~ 9 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and potassium molybdate 2 ~ 3 parts, graphite powder 5 ~ 8 parts and attapulgite 8 ~ 12 parts is admixed after adding the water stirring and dissolving of 4 ~ 5 times, furnishing pasty state preliminary granulation, the amino resins of surperficial coated one deck solubility again, is added to after oven dry in the organic matter of (1) and mixes.

3. according to claim 1 a kind of summer cowpea the implantation methods of implantation methods, it is characterized in that the chemical fertilizer described in step (4) is the aqua that the water stirring and dissolving adding 400 ~ 500 parts after being mixed by superphosphate 10 ~ 14 parts, 5 ~ 8 parts, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 8 ~ 10 parts, 4 ~ 6 parts, magnesium sulfate, 12 ~ 16 parts, carbonic hydroammonium and calcium ammonium nitrate 7 ~ 9 parts is made.