CN110710424A - High-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa - Google Patents
High-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa Download PDFInfo
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- CN110710424A CN110710424A CN201911140006.8A CN201911140006A CN110710424A CN 110710424 A CN110710424 A CN 110710424A CN 201911140006 A CN201911140006 A CN 201911140006A CN 110710424 A CN110710424 A CN 110710424A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa efficient disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting land: altitude is on mountains above 2000 meters; (2) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, and finely crushing and harrowing the soil; then, carrying out rotary tillage and compaction on the soil in the spring of the next year; (3) applying a base fertilizer: uniformly applying farmyard manure according to 2500 kilograms per mu; (4) ridging and laying mulching films: ridging and laying mulching films and pressed films, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 50-60 cm; (5) seed dressing: mixing quinoa seeds with plant ash and millet; (6) sowing: sowing the quinoa seed mixture at a distance of 20-25 cm from adjacent plants, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm; (7) field management: comprises seedling raising, lateral branch removing, additional fertilizer application, weeding and pest control. The invention does not adopt any chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, additive and other substances, thereby reducing the pollution to the quinoa and the environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-efficiency disease and pest prevention quinoa planting and cultivating method.
Background
Chenopodium quinoa (scientific name: Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a plant of the genus Chenopodium of the family Chenopodiaceae. The ear part can be red, purple or yellow, the shape of the plant is similar to that of the grey lima vegetable, and the ear part is similar to that of the sorghum after the plant is mature. The size of the plant is greatly influenced by environmental and genetic factors, and the plant is different from 0.3 to 3 meters, and the stem part is hard and can be branched or not. The single leaf is alternate, the leaf is in the shape of duck's leg, and the leaf edge is divided into full edge type and sawtooth edge type. The chenopodium quinoa has two natures, the flower floc is umbrella-shaped, spike-shaped and cone-shaped, the chenopodium quinoa seeds are small and are in the shape of small round medicine slices, the diameter is 1.5-2 mm, and the thousand seed weight is 1.4-3 g. Is native to high-altitude mountain areas such as Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, etc. of Andes mountain in south America. Has certain drought resistance, cold resistance and salt tolerance, the growth range is about from sea level to plateau with the altitude of about 4500 meters, and the optimal height is plateau or mountain area with the altitude of 3000-4000 meters. The quinoa is rich in vitamins, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins and phytosterols, and has various health effects. Quinoa has high protein, contains unsaturated fatty acids in fat of 83%, and is a low-fructose and low-glucose food capable of playing a beneficial role in glycolipid metabolism.
Because chenopodium quinoa plants are tall and big and have developed lateral branches, in order to pursue economic benefits, a large amount of pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used blindly, and a large amount of chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used for a long time, so that high pesticide residue of products is caused, the land is hardened, the ecological system of a farmland is seriously damaged, the chenopodium quinoa yield is greatly reduced, and the planting area is also greatly reduced. CN201811016840.1 discloses a quinoa high-efficiency cultivation method in low-altitude areas, which comprises the steps of land selection, land preparation, shed building, film covering, sowing, thinning, ridging, fertilization, pest control, harvesting and the like. This patent improves the microenvironment condition that the chenopodium quinoa grows through tectorial membrane cultivation and the cultivation of building a shed, effectively prevents the lodging of chenopodium quinoa. However, the patent still uses more fertilizers and is not suitable for long-term planting of chenopodium quinoa.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the existing problems, the quinoa high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method is provided, and any chemical fertilizer, growth regulator, additive and other substances are not adopted, so that the pollution to the quinoa and the environment is reduced.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting 1000-6000 LX illumination, more than 300mL annual rainfall, more than 15 ℃ of day-night temperature difference, 100-130 days of frost-free period and over 2000 m of altitude on mountains;
(2) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, and finely crushing and harrowing the soil; then, carrying out rotary tillage and compaction on the soil in the spring of the next year;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: uniformly applying farmyard manure according to 2500 kilograms per mu;
(4) ridging and laying mulching films: ridging and laying mulching films and pressed films, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 50-60 cm;
(5) seed dressing: mixing quinoa seeds with plant ash and millet according to a mass ratio of 4-5: 2-3: 3;
(6) sowing: sowing the quinoa seed mixture at a distance of 20-25 cm from adjacent plants, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(7) field management: comprises seedling raising, lateral branch removing, additional fertilizer application, weeding and pest control.
Further, the pH value of the soil in the mountainous area in the step (1) is 5.5-8.5.
Further, the millet in the step (5) is cured millet.
The plant ash contains very wide trace elements and mineral elements, wherein the most abundant potassium element is 6-12%, and the potassium elements are soluble and quick-acting and can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops. The plant ash is also high in calcium and phosphorus, and also contains trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, boron, zinc, copper and the like. The cooked millet is quickly decomposed into nutrient substances under the action of various enzymes in soil, is rich in protein, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium and other rich nutrient elements, and provides a powerful guarantee for the nutrition required by the growth of the chenopodium quinoa. Meanwhile, the nitrogen element and the potassium element in the quinoa after seed dressing are relatively low, so that the vain growth of the quinoa can be controlled, the powdery mildew can be controlled, and the lodging of later-stage plants can be prevented.
Further, the preparation method of the cured millet comprises the step of frying the millet for 2-3 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃.
Further, selectively processing: the quinoa seeds are further pretreated in the step (6), the pretreatment comprises the following steps of soaking the quinoa seeds in 10-50 g/L saline water, wherein the temperature of the saline water is 25-30 ℃, soaking is carried out for 3 hours, and then the soaked quinoa seeds are dried.
Further, chenopodium quinoa willd is sowed: in the step (6), the sowing time is between the last ten days of 5 months and the bottom of 5 months, and the soil humidity is 60-75%.
Further, the seedling raising in the step (7) is to carry out first thinning and hilling when the quinoa seedlings emerge at the 4-leaf stage, and only 2 plants are left in each hole; and when the number of the leaves is 6-8, thinning and ridging for the second time, and only 1 strong seedling is left in each hole.
Furthermore, at the stage of extracting the ear from the chenopodium quinoa branches, removing the side branches of the chenopodium quinoa and carrying out additional fertilization in the ridge lines, and weeding within 15-20 cm after about 40 days of chenopodium quinoa.
Further, the base fertilizer in the step (3) and the additional fertilizer in the step (7) are organic fertilizers generated by fermenting cattle and sheep manure and straws.
Further, the pest control method in the step (7) comprises the following steps: spraying lime water to the ground for 2-3 times, wherein the lime water is continuously sprayed for two times at an interval of 15 days, and the lime water comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of quicklime and 160 parts of water.
The quinoa ground pests mainly use scarab seeds as main materials, and the scarab seeds can be removed without causing environmental pollution by spraying lime water to the ground twice at intervals of 15 days. And the artificial death and phototaxis of the imagoes can be utilized, and a black light lamp or an electric lamp is used for manual trapping and killing in the late 5 months to the late 7 months.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the biological organic fertilizer and the plant ash are adopted in the cultivation process of the quinoa, and the raw materials are all components capable of being naturally degraded, so that the damage to soil in the cultivation process is reduced.
2. According to the method, through a reasonable field management technology, the incidence of diseases such as powdery mildew and the like of the quinoa is reduced, the lodging resistance of the quinoa is enhanced, the yield of the quinoa is increased, the use of pesticides is avoided, and the pollution to the environment is further reduced.
3. According to the invention, the lime water and the insect catching lamp are sprayed to the quinoa and the ground to control pests in the quinoa field, and the lime water spraying amount is small without great influence on soil.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1
A high-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land: the method is characterized in that the sea level is about 1900-3000 m, the annual precipitation amount is 300-400 mL, the illumination intensity is about 4000-5000 LX, and the soil pH is about 6.7, so that no chemical pesticide or chemical fertilizer pollution exists within 5 years;
(2) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in autumn of the previous year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, and finely crushing and harrowing the soil; then, carrying out rotary tillage and compaction on the soil in the spring of the next year;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: uniformly applying farmyard manure according to 2500 kilograms per mu;
(4) ridging and laying mulching films: ridging and laying mulching films and pressed films, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 50 cm;
(5) seed dressing: soaking quinoa seeds in saline water at 25-30 ℃ and 10g/L (in other embodiments, the concentration can be any concentration between 10-50 g/L) for 3 hours, then airing the soaked quinoa seeds, then mixing the quinoa seeds with plant ash and millet according to a mass ratio of 4:2:3, and frying the millet for 2-3 hours at 100-150 ℃;
(6) sowing: sowing the quinoa seed mixture between the first ten days of 5 months and the bottom of 5 months at a distance of about 20cm from adjacent plants, wherein the sowing depth is about 2-3 cm;
(7) field management: comprises seedling raising, lateral branch removing, additional fertilizer application, weeding and pest control.
Wherein: in the seedling culture, when the quinoa seedlings emerge at the 4-leaf stage, thinning and hilling are carried out for the first time, and only 2 plants are left in each hole; when the number of the leaves is 6-8, carrying out second thinning and ridging, and only 1 strong seedling is left in each hole; removing lateral branches of quinoa and applying additional fertilizer in row spacing plots at the stage of extracting quinoa branches, and weeding within 15-20 cm for about 40 days.
If the quinoa meets the chafer: preparing quicklime water according to the mass ratio of 2:100, and then spraying the quicklime water to the ground for 2-3 times, wherein the interval between two times is 15 days.
The yield of the quinoa cultivated in the embodiment is 230 kg/mu, the incidence rate of powdery mildew is 6.5%, and the death rate of the scarab beetles is 87%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a farmyard manure for embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
① uniformly mixing 500kg of dried cow dung, 100kg of rice hull powder, 200kg of corn flour, 100kg of plant ash and 800kg of water, piling the mixture into a fermentation tank, adding 300kg of bacterial sludge into the mixture, turning and throwing the mixed fermentation material, starting fermentation, turning and throwing once every 2 days, and fermenting for 14-16 days at 45-55 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation product;
(2) and when the temperature is reduced to 35-40 ℃ after the first fermentation, continuing the fermentation, turning and throwing once every 1d, and fermenting for 7-9 d at 40-45 ℃ to obtain the farmyard manure.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. A high-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land: selecting 1000-6000 LX illumination, more than 300mL annual rainfall, more than 15 ℃ of day-night temperature difference, 100-130 days of frost-free period and over 2000 m of altitude on mountains;
(2) land preparation: deeply ploughing the soil in autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20-25 cm, and finely crushing and harrowing the soil; then, carrying out rotary tillage and compaction on the soil in the spring of the next year;
(3) applying a base fertilizer: uniformly applying farmyard manure according to 2500 kilograms per mu;
(4) ridging and laying mulching films: ridging and laying mulching films and pressed films, wherein the row spacing between adjacent ridges is 50-60 cm;
(5) seed dressing: mixing quinoa seeds with plant ash and millet according to a mass ratio of 4-5: 2-3: 3;
(6) sowing: sowing the quinoa seed mixture at a distance of 20-25 cm from adjacent plants, wherein the sowing depth is 2-3 cm;
(7) field management: comprises seedling raising, lateral branch removing, additional fertilizer application, weeding and pest control.
2. The high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the soil in the mountainous area in the step (1) is 5.5-8.5.
3. The quinoa high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the millet in step (5) is cured millet.
4. The high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the cured millet comprises frying the millet at 100-150 ℃ for 2-3 h.
5. The quinoa high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, characterized in that field selection treatment: the quinoa seeds are further pretreated in the step (6), the pretreatment comprises the following steps of soaking the quinoa seeds in 10-50 g/L saline water, wherein the temperature of the saline water is 25-30 ℃, soaking is carried out for 3 hours, and then the soaked quinoa seeds are dried.
6. The quinoa high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, characterized in that quinoa is sowed: in the step (6), the sowing time is between the last ten days of 5 months and the bottom of 5 months, and the soil humidity is 60-75%.
7. The high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting cultivation method for quinoa according to claim 1, wherein the raising of seedlings in step (7) is carried out by carrying out first thinning and hilling when quinoa emerges in a 4-leaf stage, and only 2 plants are left in each hole; and when the number of the leaves is 6-8, thinning and ridging for the second time, and only 1 strong seedling is left in each hole.
8. The quinoa high-efficiency disease and pest prevention planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein at the quinoa branch cutting stage, the side branches of quinoa are removed, topdressing is carried out in line-spaced furrows, and weeding is carried out for about 40 days and within 15-20 cm.
9. The high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method for quinoa according to claim 8, wherein the base fertilizer in step (3) and the additional fertilizer in step (7) are organic fertilizers produced by fermentation of cattle and sheep manure and straws.
10. The quinoa high-efficiency disease and insect prevention planting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the disease and insect pest control method in the step (7): spraying lime water to the ground for 2-3 times, wherein the lime water is continuously sprayed for two times at an interval of 15 days, and the lime water comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of quicklime and 160 parts of water.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111165287A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-05-19 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Quinoa planting method suitable for plateau areas |
| CN111436339A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-07-24 | 内蒙古立泰国际生物科技有限公司 | Quinoa precision sowing planting method |
| CN111713205A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-29 | 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院 | Lodging-resistant planting method for wood skin |
| CN111972232A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-11-24 | 承德北巡农业旅游开发有限公司 | Double-harvest quinoa planting method |
| CN113785744A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-12-14 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Quinoa cultivation method in low-altitude plain area |
| CN115336511A (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2022-11-15 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly dry land |
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| CN115336511A (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2022-11-15 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly dry land |
| CN115336511B (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2023-10-20 | 山西农业大学小麦研究所 | Selenium-rich high-yield cultivation method for wheat in hilly and dry land |
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