CN105340510A - Quinoa high-yield close-planting cultivation method and quinoa tea preparation method - Google Patents
Quinoa high-yield close-planting cultivation method and quinoa tea preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/34—Tea substitutes, e.g. matè; Extracts or infusions thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/08—Organic fertilisers containing added bacterial cultures, mycelia or the like
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation and food processing and production, and provides a quinoa high-yield close-planting cultivation method and a quinoa tea preparation method, which aim to solve the problems that the conventional quinoa planting and cultivation technology severely affects sustainable development of quinoa cultivation, requirements of people on non-harmful products cannot be met, and saponin cannot be removed thoroughly nutrient element loss is severe when quinoa is prepared into quinoa tea. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: selecting land, plowing, applying fertilizer, sowing seeds, thinning, cultivating earth and preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests; the yield per mu (a unit of area) can be increased to 20-80 kg; the cultivation method is applicable to large-scale field extended cultivation; the cost is reduced greatly, and sustainable development of quinoa planting is facilitated; and high yield and no harm of quinoa are ensured. The quinoa tea also has a ginseng fragrance and a mellow taste, and soaked quinoa is edible; and the quinoa tea has significant effects of balancing and supplementing nutrition, strengthening body functions, repairing physical conditions, regulating immunity and internal secretion, improving body stress ability, preventing diseases (cardio-cerebrovascular disease and II type diabetes), resisting cancer, losing weight, assisting in treatment and the like.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to arviculture and food processing and production technical field, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method and lamb's-quarters wheat tea.
Background technology
Due to the adjustment of the structure that is not careful in one's diet in the process of habits and customs and diet, " three is high " has become the first killer affecting human health and life security, therefore, find a kind of safe, healthy, nutrition, the natural and food of the instant demand that to be society urgent.Lamb's-quarters wheat originates in Andes, South America, it is unique full paddy full nutrition adequate proteins base-forming food, be rich in the lysine lacked in plant, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, zinc, selenium, manganese, the mineral matters such as copper and unsaturated fatty acid, flavonoids, the multiple beneficial compounds such as B family vitamin and vitamin E, mouthfeel is unique, there are light nut delicate fragrance or ginseng perfume, be suitable for hyperglycaemia, hypertension, high fat of blood, cardiopathy chronic diseases, and infant, pregnant and lying-in women, children, student, the special physique such as the elderly and the irregular crowd of life, long-term edible, Be very effective.
At present, peasant is when planting lamb's-quarters wheat, continue to use traditional culture technique, spacing in the rows/line-spacing: 30-60cm/60cm (Liu Suorong, 2013), calculate according to this, every mu is stayed strain more than seedling 1850-3700, per mu yield 150-200kg, because lamb's-quarters wheat plant is tall and big, side shoot is flourishing, but the biological yield of main inflorescence is about 80% of whole strain output, simultaneously, peasant is in order to pursue economic benefit, blindly use agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer in large quantities, long-term a large amount of use chemical pesticide and chemical fertilizer, cause product agricultural chemicals high residue, the hardening soil, the heavy damage ecosystem in farmland, lamb's-quarters wheat output is finally caused significantly to decline, cultivated area is also significantly reduced.Existing lamb's-quarters wheat seeds method for planting has seriously had influence on the sustainable development that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds are planted, and therefore, it is imperative to change existing planting technology and improve.
Lamb's-quarters wheat bran contains saponin(e, is a Plants glycosides.Saponin(e is the spontaneous compound of one group of various structures, mainly finds in plant (Priceetal.1987).These saponin(es appear one bitter taste, easily spume in aqueous.Koziol (1992) reports lamb's-quarters wheat saponin(e (dry weight) concentration, from 0.01%-4.65% not etc.Up to date, saponin(e is considered to severe toxicity.But being hypertoxic to cold-blooded animal, is but very low to the oral toxicity of mammal.Saponin(e in common food, comprises lamb's-quarters wheat, and the person seems does not have obvious oral toxicity (Oser1966; Ishaayaetal.1969; Phillipsetal.1979; Malinow1982and1984; OakenfullandSidhu1990).In food, naturally occurring saponin(e is nontoxic, even may be useful to human diet.The digestibility that Ruales (1992) shows lamb's-quarters aleuronat matter is comparable to other high-quality food protein, and wherein saponin(e does not have a negative impact to protein quality.But because saponin(e may appear one bitter taste, lamb's-quarters wheat seed, with cold buck cleaning or with machinery mill, can be separated saponin(e easily from lamb's-quarters wheat.
Lamb's-quarters wheat is made lamb's-quarters wheat tea, both facilitated the people to eat at any time, the effect of dietotherapy can be reached again.Existing lamb's-quarters wheat cereal beverage etc., major part procedure of processing is loaded down with trivial details, nutrition leak is many, the method that existing lamb's-quarters wheat tea removes saponin(e mainly contains WATER-WASHING METHOD and polishing processes, there is soak time length in WATER-WASHING METHOD, water requirement is large and removal is thorough not, polishing processes exists the damage of lamb's-quarters wheat rice large, produces incomplete grain many, and saponin(e removes the shortcomings such as incomplete.
Summary of the invention
The present invention plants culture technique and has seriously had influence on to solve existing lamb's-quarters wheat seeds the sustainable development that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds plant, in order to meet the requirement of people to non-harmful product, in order to solve lamb's-quarters wheat make lamb's-quarters wheat tea time saponin(e remove not thorough, and the problem that nutrition leak is serious, provide the preparation method of a kind of lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method and lamb's-quarters wheat tea.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme: a kind of lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level >=1200 meter annual precipitation at 400-600mm, sunny, day and night temperature is large, and without industrial pollution in 30 kilometers, periphery, water quality is pure, with fresh air, and vegetation is intact, away from the pure agricultural region in cities and towns;
(2) plough, apply fertilizer: within 10-15 days, plough before sowing, the degree of depth of ploughing reaches 35-40 centimetre, applies fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously;
(3) sow: early or mid May, sowing after rain, when rainfall is not enough, sow again after lamb's-quarters wheat is soaked 5 to 8 hours, before sowing, the millet that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds and seed dressing material fry is mixed, drilling after lamb's-quarters wheat seeds mix in the ratio of 1:2 with seed dressing material, sowing depth 2-3 centimetre;
(4) thinning: thinning when lamb's-quarters wheat seeding grows to 7-15cm, weeding simultaneously, control spacing in the rows/line-spacing: 15-20cm/40cm, every mu is stayed seedling 10000-15000 strain, and plant height controls at 100-150cm;
(5) earth up: when lamb's-quarters wheat grows to 40-60cm, carry out second time weeding, simultaneously to lamb's-quarters wheat ridging compacting, 3cm earth culture concavity around root;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: lamb's-quarters wheat grows to and starts to endanger leaf or inflorescence higher than the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo after 50cm, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo.
To be farmyard manure mix by weight for 1:1000 with the special bacterial manure of lamb's-quarters wheat the base fertilizer imposed, the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat by bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes three major types group by weight for 7:1:2 forms, wherein said bacterium by acetic acid acinetobacter calcoaceticus (
acinetobactercalcoaceticus), bacillus coagulans (
bacilluscoagulans), series bacillus (
paenibacillus), become dwell Klebsiella (
klebsiellavariicola), clostridium perfringen (
enterobacteraerogenes) mix by weight 1:1:3:3:2; Fungi be saccharomyces cerevisiae (
saccharomycescerevisiae); Actinomycetes by Nocard's bacillus (
nocardiaceae), frankia (
frankiaceae) mix by weight the ratio of 1:6; All bacterial classifications are conventionally cultivated separately, finally mix in proportion, and wherein living bacteria count total amount is 4*10
9cfu/g, is the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat.
Above-mentioned all bacterial classifications all can be buied from market, and its specification meets national sector standard, and three major types bacterium is cultivate separately, and can conventionally prepare, finally mixed in proportion by three major types bacterium and be final product, product is solid.
A preparation method for lamb's-quarters wheat tea, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat rice is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, the ethanol that concentration is 20%-40% is added in container, the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:1-2, and control soaking temperature is 10-20 DEG C, stirs immersion 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
(2) dry: temp. controllable drying plant put into by the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration, and control bake out temperature is 100-120 DEG C, evenly stir and dry 40-60min, each oven dry lamb's-quarters wheat rice 80kg;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control at 3Mpa, frying 3 minutes in temperature 120 DEG C-150 DEG C; Quick pressure releasing to-0.5MPa--1MPa, be cooled to 80 DEG C-100 DEG C and carry out expanded 30s-60s, lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides presents golden yellow, and centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea.
The lamb's-quarters wheat tea made can vacuum packaging, also can conventional paper bag 5g, 7g packaging.
Time edible, in cup, put into 1-2 spoon lamb's-quarters wheat tea, brew with 60-80 DEG C of boiling water and drink.
Lamb's-quarters wheat cultivation method of the present invention is simple and practical, has that cost is low, convenient management, is suitable for extensive field Extend culture; In many ways test lamb's-quarters wheat seeds density in planting, determine spacing in the rows/line-spacing: during 15-20cm/40cm, per mu yield increases 20-80kg, main fringe is grown completely, and branch is little or do not have, plant height 100cm-150cm, shorter than existing culture technique plant height, decrease the impact of wind on lamb's-quarters wheat output; In conjunction with implanted device, precise positioning is carried out to the lamb's-quarters Wheat Seeds time of sprouting, also can carry out lamb's-quarters wheat insemination and emergence when rainfall is short of to some extent, solved the problem causing because rainfall is not enough planting, have also been enlarged planting range simultaneously; In conjunction with the nutritional requirement of lamb's-quarters wheat breeding time, develop lamb's-quarters wheat and cultivate special bacterial manure, nutrition-allocated proportion is more scientific, output reaches 225-250 kilogram, and comparatively existing level improves about 10%-15%, and cost reduces in a large number, soil is free from side effects, is conducive to the sustainable development that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds are planted; Ensure the high yield of lamb's-quarters wheat and nuisanceless.
Find through planting multitude wheat for many years, suitable in fertility, under the condition that field management is consistent, the quick-acting potassium content in soil and multitude wheat output are proportionate, and namely quick-acting potassium content impact is the deciding factor of multitude wheat output.The special bacterial manure of lamb's-quarters wheat of the present invention is the outstanding advantage on the basis of improving multitude wheat rhizosphere with efficient potassium decomposing.Series bacillus, to become dwell Klebsiella, clostridium perfringen be potassium decomposing function bacterium, and the potassium of the slightly solubility in soil can change into and can hold state and absorb for multitude wheat by they; Saccharomycete itself does not have ability of dissolving potassium, but saccharomycetic secretion can promote the growth of other flora; Acetic acid acinetobacter calcoaceticus can produce acetic acid, and bacillus coagulans can produce lactic acid, when with series bacillus, become Klebsiella of dwelling, clostridium perfringen symbiosis significantly can promote the ability of dissolving potassium of potassium decomposing function bacterium; Nocard's bacillus, frankia can promote that multitude wheat grows, and vitamin h of its secretion again can pathogen in antagonism soil, and with potassium decomposing function bacterium without antagonism, and other flora that can be in composite bacteria agent capable provides good and determines the condition of growing.
Prepared lamb's-quarters wheat tea with lamb's-quarters wheat rice for primary raw material frying forms, lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides is golden yellow, middle white, after lamb's-quarters wheat rice tea soaks, tea presents golden yellow, sparkling and crystal-clear bright, lamb's-quarters wheat tea becomes white translucent shape after 1-2 boiling water soaks, lamb's-quarters wheat tea not only has mouthfeel and the local flavor of lamb's-quarters wheat uniqueness, also there is light ginseng fragrance, mellow in taste, can be a large amount of drink and have no side effect, supplement the nutrients in equilibrium, strengthen body function, repair physique, immunity moderation and internal secretion, improve physical stress ability, prevent disease (cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, type II diabetes), anticancer, fat-reducing, the aspects such as supplemental treatment have effect.Lamb's-quarters wheat after immersion is also edible, and residue nutrient component also all utilizes, convenient and swift, the restriction in not free and place.
What the removal of lamb's-quarters wheat saponin(e of the present invention adopted is Diluted Alcohol soaking and stirring method, accurately located concentration of alcohol and soak time, speed is removed to saponin(e fast, remove more thorough, required time is short, save a large amount of water resources and manpower and materials, residual ethanol naturally volatilizees in follow-up drying course.Determine the best manufacture craft of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, outward appearance, mouthfeel are good simultaneously, and active substance runs off few; Not only remove the saponin(e on lamb's-quarters wheat surface more up hill and dale, remain the effective active of lamb's-quarters wheat functional materials to a greater degree.First adopt malleation (3Mpa) during frying, then adopt negative pressure (-0.5--1Mpa), material is carried out bulk fully, when making tea, nutriment more easily infiltrates in tea, increases color and luster and the nutrition content of tea.Adopt high temperature, high pressure, the manufacturing process time is short, effectively reduces the loss of nutriment.Its main component lysine of lamb's-quarters wheat tea made by this processes, Flavonoid substances, Se content percent of loss are 1.25%, 2.43%, 7.33%.
Embodiment
Lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture embodiment of the method:
Embodiment 1: a kind of lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method, comprises the steps:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level >=1200 meter annual precipitation at 400-600mm, sunny, day and night temperature is large, and without industrial pollution in 30 kilometers, periphery, water quality is pure, with fresh air, and vegetation is intact, away from the pure agricultural region in cities and towns;
(2) plough, apply fertilizer: within 10-15 days, plough before sowing, the degree of depth of ploughing reaches 35-40 centimetre, applies fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously;
(3) sow: early or mid May, sowing after rain, when rainfall is not enough, sow again after lamb's-quarters wheat is soaked 5 to 8 hours, mixed by the millet that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds and seed dressing material fry before sowing, lamb's-quarters wheat seeds and seed dressing material are by volume for 1:2 mixes rear drilling, sowing depth 2-3 centimetre; Impact on emergence rate after soaking according to soil moisture content detection lamb's-quarters Wheat Seeds, employing is not soaked seed and is directly sowed in contrast, and processed group is that lamb's-quarters Wheat Seeds immersion 5-8h sows again, the results are shown in Table 1, result shows, and the seeding ratio without immersion treatment is starkly lower than the seed of immersion treatment.Soak time increases DeGrain lower than 5 hours emergence rates, is vulnerable to damage, reduces emergence rate on the contrary higher than embryo during sowing in 8 hours.
Table 1
(4) thinning: thinning when lamb's-quarters wheat seeding grows to 7-15cm, weeding simultaneously, control spacing in the rows/line-spacing: 15-20cm/40cm, every mu is stayed seedling 10000-15000 strain, and plant height controls at 100-150cm;
(5) earth up: when lamb's-quarters wheat grows to 40-60cm, carry out second time weeding, simultaneously to lamb's-quarters wheat ridging compacting, 3cm earth culture concavity around root;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: lamb's-quarters wheat grows to and starts to endanger leaf or inflorescence higher than the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo after 50cm, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo.
To be farmyard manure mix by weight for 1:1000 with the special bacterial manure of lamb's-quarters wheat the base fertilizer imposed, the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat by bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes three major types group by weight for 7:1:2 forms, wherein said bacterium by acetic acid acinetobacter calcoaceticus (
acinetobactercalcoaceticus), bacillus coagulans (
bacilluscoagulans), series bacillus (
paenibacillus), become dwell Klebsiella (
klebsiellavariicola), clostridium perfringen (
enterobacteraerogenes) mix by weight 1:1:3:3:2; Fungi be saccharomyces cerevisiae (
saccharomycescerevisiae); Actinomycetes by Nocard's bacillus (
nocardiaceae), frankia (
frankiaceae) mix by weight the ratio of 1:6; All bacterial classifications are conventionally cultivated separately, finally mix in proportion, and wherein living bacteria count total amount is 4*10
9cfu/g, is the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat.Above-mentioned all bacterial classifications all can be buied from market, and its specification meets national sector standard, and three major types bacterium is cultivate separately, and can conventionally prepare, finally mixed in proportion by three major types bacterium and be final product, product is solid.
Detect lamb's-quarters wheat output according to different spacing in the rows, line-spacing, plant height, finally control spacing in the rows/line-spacing: 15-20cm/40cm, when plant height is 100-150cm, lamb's-quarters wheat output is the highest, and per mu yield can reach 225-250 kilogram.Experimental result is in table 2.
Table 2
The embodiment of preparation lamb's-quarters wheat tea:
Embodiment 1: a kind of preparation method of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat raw material is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, in container, add concentration is 30% ethanol, the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:1.5, temperature 10 DEG C, soaking and stirring 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
(2) dry: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration is put into temp. controllable drying plant, each 80kg of lamb's-quarters wheat rice; Evenly stir oven dry 60 minutes at 100 DEG C, make moisture evaporation in lamb's-quarters wheat;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control at 3Mpa, 120 DEG C of fryings 3 minutes; Then control at-1MPa by material pressure, it is expanded that temperature is down to 100 DEG C of fryings 1 minute; Make lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides present golden yellow, centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea.The lamb's-quarters wheat tea vacuum packaging made, every bag of 5g.Its main component lysine of lamb's-quarters wheat tea be processed into by the method, flavones, Se content percent of loss are 1.25%, 2.43%, 7.33%.
Embodiment 2: a kind of preparation method of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat rice is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, the ethanol that concentration is 40% is added in container, the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:1, temperature 15 DEG C, soaking and stirring 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
2) dry: temp. controllable drying plant put into by the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration, controlling bake out temperature is 110 DEG C, evenly stirs and dries 50min, each oven dry lamb's-quarters wheat rice 80kg;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control, at 3Mpa, carries out frying 3 minutes in the condition that temperature is 125 DEG C; Then afterwards by Material control at-0.6MPa, expanded 30s in the condition that temperature is 85 DEG C; Make lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides present golden yellow, centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea, conventional paper bag packing, every bag of 7g.
Embodiment 3: a kind of preparation method of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat raw material is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, in container, add concentration is 40% ethanol, the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:2, temperature 15 DEG C, soaking and stirring 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
(2) dry: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration is put into temp. controllable drying plant, each 80kg of lamb's-quarters wheat rice; Evenly stir oven dry 40 minutes at 120 DEG C, make moisture evaporation in lamb's-quarters wheat;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control at 3Mpa, 145 DEG C of fryings 3 minutes; Then control at-0.5MPa by material pressure, it is expanded that temperature is down to 80 DEG C of frying 50s; Make lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides present golden yellow, centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea.The lamb's-quarters wheat tea vacuum packaging made, every bag of 5g.Its main component lysine of lamb's-quarters wheat tea be processed into by the method, flavones, Se content percent of loss are 1.23%, 2.41%, 7.30%.
Embodiment 4: a kind of preparation method of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, comprises the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat raw material is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, in container, add concentration is 20% ethanol, the ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:1, temperature 20 DEG C, soaking and stirring 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
(2) dry: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration is put into temp. controllable drying plant, each 80kg of lamb's-quarters wheat rice; Evenly stir oven dry 55 minutes at 115 DEG C, make moisture evaporation in lamb's-quarters wheat;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control at 3Mpa, 125 DEG C of fryings 3 minutes; Then control at-0.7MPa by material pressure, it is expanded that temperature is down to 80 DEG C of frying 40s; Make lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides present golden yellow, centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea.The lamb's-quarters wheat tea vacuum packaging made, every bag of 5g.Its main component lysine of lamb's-quarters wheat tea be processed into by the method, flavones, Se content percent of loss are 1.21%, 2.46%, 7.35%.
Experimental example: raw material pretreatment process analysis
Concentration of alcohol: if concentration of alcohol is lower than 20%, then remove the DeGrain of saponin(e.In the concentration range of 20% to 40%, along with concentration of alcohol increases, the effect of removing saponin(e is more and more stronger.But it is after 40%, then basic close to steady.
The ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat: if the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is lower than 1:1, then ethanol soaking not lamb's-quarters wheat, falls flat; If higher than 1:2, then the consumption of ethanol is bigger than normal, economical not.
Soaking temperature: 10-20 DEG C close to normal temperature, if higher than 20 DEG C, ethanol volatilization is obviously; Lower than 10 DEG C, also need other cooling, energy consumption increases, uneconomical.Experimental result is in table 3.
Stir-frying-technology is analyzed:
Frying temperature: frying 3 minutes between 120 DEG C-150 DEG C, lamb's-quarters wheat tea color is golden yellow, and temperature is light yellow lower than 120 lamb's-quarters wheat tea colors, and temperature easily turns black higher than 150 DEG C of lamb's-quarters wheat tea, the words uneven color that the time is short.
Bulking pressure: negative pressure is expanded, excessively expanded lower than lamb's-quarters wheat during-1Mpa, produce a large amount of not exclusively grain, higher than the expanded insufficient strength of-0.5Mpa.
Swelling temperature: lower than 80 DEG C, puffed degree is not enough, can not present white in the middle of lamb's-quarters wheat rice; Higher than 100 DEG C, excessively expanded, lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides presents black, and color is not good enough.
The expanded time: the expanded time, colouring degree was inadequate, uneven color lower than 30s; Higher than 60s, color burn, even blackening, do not reach effect.
Claims (3)
1. a lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) selection of land: select height above sea level >=1200 meter annual precipitation at 400-600mm, sunny, day and night temperature is large, and without industrial pollution in 30 kilometers, periphery, water quality is pure, with fresh air, and vegetation is intact, away from the pure agricultural region in cities and towns;
(2) plough, apply fertilizer: within 10-15 days, plough before sowing, the degree of depth of ploughing reaches 35-40 centimetre, applies fertilizer to the subsoil simultaneously;
(3) sow: early or mid May, sowing after rain, when rainfall is not enough, sow again after lamb's-quarters wheat is soaked 5 to 8 hours, mixed by the millet that lamb's-quarters wheat seeds and seed dressing material fry before sowing, lamb's-quarters wheat seeds and seed dressing material are by volume for 1:2 mixes rear drilling, sowing depth 2-3 centimetre;
(4) thinning: thinning when lamb's-quarters wheat seeding grows to 7-15cm, weeding simultaneously, control spacing in the rows/line-spacing: 15-20cm/40cm, every mu is stayed seedling 10000-15000 strain, and plant height controls at 100-150cm;
(5) earth up: when lamb's-quarters wheat grows to 40-60cm, carry out second time weeding, simultaneously to lamb's-quarters wheat ridging compacting, 3cm earth culture concavity around root;
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest: lamb's-quarters wheat grows to and starts to endanger leaf or inflorescence higher than the Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo after 50cm, the artificial capture method Yuan mountain valley with clumps of trees and bamboo.
2. a kind of lamb's-quarters wheat high yield planting culture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the base fertilizer imposed is that farmyard manure mixes by weight for 1:1000 with the special bacterial manure of lamb's-quarters wheat, the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat by bacterium, fungi and actinomycetes three major types group by weight forming for 7:1:2, wherein said bacterium by acinetobacter calcoaceticus (
acinetobactercalcoaceticus), bacillus coagulans (
bacilluscoagulans), series bacillus (
paenibacillus), become dwell Klebsiella (
klebsiellavariicola), clostridium perfringen (
enterobacteraerogenes) mix by weight 1:1:3:3:2; Fungi be saccharomyces cerevisiae (
saccharomycescerevisiae); Actinomycetes by Nocard's bacillus (
nocardiaceae), frankia (
frankiaceae) mix by weight the ratio of 1:6; All bacterial classifications are conventionally cultivated separately, finally mix in proportion, and wherein living bacteria count total amount is 4*10
9cfu/g, is the special bacterial manure of described lamb's-quarters wheat.
3. a preparation method for lamb's-quarters wheat tea, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) raw material pre-treatment: lamb's-quarters wheat rice is inserted electric winnowing machine, remove unsound grain and impurity, the lamb's-quarters wheat rice chosen is inserted in container, the ethanol that concentration is 20%-40% is added in container, the volume ratio of ethanol and lamb's-quarters wheat is 1:1-2, and control soaking temperature is 10-20 DEG C, stirs immersion 1 hour, removing saponin(e, then puts into centrifuge dewatering;
(2) dry: temp. controllable drying plant put into by the lamb's-quarters wheat rice after dehydration, and control bake out temperature is 100-120 DEG C, evenly stir and dry 40-60min, each oven dry lamb's-quarters wheat rice 80kg;
(3) peel, screen: the lamb's-quarters wheat rice of oven dry is peeled further, then removes unsound grain;
(4) frying: adopt manner frying machine, Stress control at 3Mpa, frying 3 minutes in temperature 120 DEG C-150 DEG C; Quick pressure releasing to-0.5MPa--1MPa, be cooled to 80 DEG C-100 DEG C and carry out expanded 30s-60s, lamb's-quarters wheat rice two sides presents golden yellow, and centre is puffed to white and is lamb's-quarters wheat tea.
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| CN109247208A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of blended sliver band implantation methods of quinoa-sorghum |
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| CN109247208A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of blended sliver band implantation methods of quinoa-sorghum |
| CN109247208B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-07-20 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Quinoa-sorghum mixed strip planting method |
| CN108782907A (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2018-11-13 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of quinoa green tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN108782907B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2021-05-14 | 吉林农业大学 | Chenopodium quinoa willd green tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN109699412A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-05-03 | 宁夏绿峰源农业科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods reducing quinoa incidence of insect disease |
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