CN106234021A - A kind of Quinoa implantation methods being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai - Google Patents
A kind of Quinoa implantation methods being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai Download PDFInfo
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- CN106234021A CN106234021A CN201610830037.6A CN201610830037A CN106234021A CN 106234021 A CN106234021 A CN 106234021A CN 201610830037 A CN201610830037 A CN 201610830037A CN 106234021 A CN106234021 A CN 106234021A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, it is specifically related to a kind of Quinoa implantation methods being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai, the method through the following steps that realize: first carry out seedbed preparation, apply Acetochlor mixed liquor and base manure, then carry out seed screening and process, carry out water furrow planting and carry out field management.The implantation methods that the present invention provides, can make Quinoa emergence rate high in Huang-Huai-Hai, and growth potential is good, yield height and Quinoa quality better;Carrying out ditching during branch's phase, it is possible to promote to grow vigorous stage root system development, control the growth of base portion warp knuckle, be that stem is sturdy, collaborative ridging processes, and promotes the growth of cervical region warp knuckle, strengthens the tenability of plant, it is possible to prevent the later stage from lodging.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, be specifically related to a kind of Quinoa plantation side being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai
Method.
Background technology
Quinoa comes from the Andes in South America continent, belongs to the healthy grain of full nutrition, is that unique plant kingdom is complete
Albumen corn, ancient times, Inca was referred to as the mother of grain.Quinoa low fat, low starch glycemic, low and easy to digest, be rare nutrition
Cuisines.
Quinoa belongs to High aititude crop, and the generally agriculture marginal area height above sea level more than 3000 meters is planted, growing surface
The long-pending trend having increase, and for Huang-Huai-Hai, plantation family is fewer for the understanding of Quinoa, before cultivation management is continued to use
Management method, cause Quinoa serious lodging, subject to the invasion and attack of the pest and disease damages such as chafer, thus affect yield, and plantation
Quinoa inferior quality, the Quinoa especially Shandong District of Huang-Huai-Hai plantation is mostly three grades of Quinoa, one-level, two grades of Quinoa institutes
Accounting example is little.
Summary of the invention
The problem existed for prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Quinoa being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai
Implantation methods.
The technical scheme that the present invention is used to achieve these goals is:
The invention provides a kind of Quinoa implantation methods being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai, comprise the following steps:
(1) seedbed preparation: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, broadcast front soil and close and whole, per hectare Acetochlor mixed liquor before whole ground
30-40kg, is uniformly sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, carbamide 5 kg, phosphorus for every mu
Acid diamine 10 kg, disposably applies wholely;
(2) will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate in distiller's grains of beer, after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate and filtering residue is standby;
(3) seed screening and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed, seed is soaked in filtrate
2-3h, dries after taking-up;
(4) soil temperature at seeding layer carries out water furrow planting after stablizing more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, is spilled into medicine in ditch
Soil, every mu is spilled into medicine soil 30kg, sowing, every mu of seed consumption 04-0.5kg;
Described medicine soil is made up of the filtering residue in step (2), Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder and fine earth;
(5) field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and divides
Prop up after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot.
Further, described Acetochlor mixed liquor is by 90% Acetochlor 100g, spaonin powder 2kg, Rhizoma amorphophalli powder 1.5kg, poly-second
Glycol 40g and excess water.
Further, described distiller's grains of beer, glycerol, the mass ratio of ethylene carbonate are 5:2:0.5.
Further, in step (4), the line-spacing of described sowing is 60 ~ 80cm, spacing in the rows is 20 ~ 30cm.
Further, described medicine soil is by filtering residue 5kg, pretreatment Radix Phytolaccae fruit 2kg, and surplus is that local soil type becomes.
The preprocess method that Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder used in the present invention uses is: fine by adding carboxymethyl in fresh Radix Phytolaccae fruit
Dimension element, ethanol, it is broken into powder after drying after grinding to form mud;Described Radix Phytolaccae fruit, carboxymethyl cellulose and the mass ratio of ethanol
For 1:0.12:8.
Further, in step (5), when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot, debranching is needed to stay leaf.
The present invention is during the whole ground of early stage, by spraying Acetochlor mixed liquor, it is possible to effective suppression later stage weeds
Growth, and the mixed liquor that early stage is spilled into is with later stage medicine earth cooperation effect, it is possible to play water conservation water holding, and containing abundant in beer residue
Selenium element, it is possible to promote Quinoa germination, strengthen late growing stage gesture.Debranching of the present invention stays leaf, refers to leaf branch
Staying stem leaf, it had both promoted that stem fringe was in the milk, it is possible to increase yield;Again can ventilation and penetrating light, prevent lodging.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) implantation methods provided by the present invention, can make Quinoa emergence rate high in Huang-Huai-Hai, and growth potential is good, yield
Height and Quinoa quality better;
(2) ditching is carried out during the jointing stage, it is possible to promote to grow vigorous stage root system development, control the growth of base portion warp knuckle, be
Stem is sturdy, and collaborative ridging processes, and promotes the growth of cervical region warp knuckle, strengthens the tenability of plant, it is possible to prevent the later stage from lodging.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, being further elucidated with outstanding feature and the marked improvement of the present invention, following embodiment is only that
Illustrate that the present invention is not intended to the present invention.
Embodiment 1
1.1 seedbed preparations: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, to broadcast front soil and close and whole, before whole ground, per hectare uses Acetochlor mixing
Liquid 30kg, is uniformly sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, carbamide 5 kg, phosphorus for every mu
Acid diamine 10 kg, disposably applies wholely;
Described every 30kg Acetochlor mixture is by 90% Acetochlor 100g, spaonin powder 2kg, Rhizoma amorphophalli powder 1.5kg, Polyethylene Glycol 40g
And excess water;
1.2 will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate according to mass ratio 5:2:0.2 in distiller's grains of beer, and after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate
And filtering residue is standby;
1.3 seed screenings and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed, seed is soaked in filtrate
2h, filtrate there was not seed 2-3cm, dried after taking-up;
1.4 carry out water furrow planting after the soil temperature of seeding layer is stablized more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, and line-spacing is 60cm,
Spacing in the rows is 30cm, is spilled into medicine soil in ditch, and every mu is spilled into medicine soil 30kg, sowing, every mu of seed consumption 04-0.5kg;
Described medicine soil is made up of according to mass ratio the filtering residue 5kg in step (2), Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder 2kg and fine earth 23kg;
The preprocess method that described Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder uses is: by adding carboxymethyl cellulose, ethanol in fresh Radix Phytolaccae fruit, grind
It is broken into powder after drying after becoming mud;The mass ratio of described Radix Phytolaccae fruit, carboxymethyl cellulose and ethanol is 1:0.12:8;
1.5 field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and divides
Prop up after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot, needs debranching to stay leaf when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot.
Embodiment 2
2.1 seedbed preparations: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, to broadcast front soil and close and whole, before whole ground, per hectare uses Acetochlor mixing
Liquid (composition is ibid) 36kg, is uniformly sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, urine for every mu
Element 5 kg, phosphoric acid diamidogen 10 kg, disposably apply wholely;
2.2 will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate according to mass ratio 5:2:0.2 in distiller's grains of beer, and after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate
And filtering residue is standby;
2.3 seed screenings and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed, seed is soaked in filtrate
3h, filtrate there was not seed 2-3cm, dried after taking-up;
2.4 carry out water furrow planting after the soil temperature of seeding layer is stablized more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, and line-spacing is 80cm,
Spacing in the rows is 20cm, is spilled into medicine soil in ditch, and every mu is spilled into medicine soil (form and prepare with embodiment 1) 30kg, sowing, and every mu of seed is used
Amount 04-0.5kg;
2.5 field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and divides
Prop up after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot, needs debranching to stay leaf when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot.
Embodiment 3
3.1 seedbed preparations: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, to broadcast front soil and close and whole, before whole ground, per hectare uses Acetochlor mixing
Liquid (composition is ibid) 40kg, is uniformly sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, urine for every mu
Element 5 kg, phosphoric acid diamidogen 10 kg, disposably apply wholely;
3.2 will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate according to mass ratio 5:2:0.2 in distiller's grains of beer, and after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate
And filtering residue is standby;
3.3 seed screenings and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed, seed is soaked in filtrate
2h, filtrate there was not seed 2-3cm, dried after taking-up;
3.4 carry out water furrow planting after the soil temperature of seeding layer is stablized more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, and line-spacing is 60cm,
Spacing in the rows is 25cm, is spilled into medicine soil in ditch, and every mu is spilled into medicine soil (form and prepare with embodiment 1) 30kg, sowing, and every mu of seed is used
Amount 04-0.5kg;
3.5 field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and divides
Prop up after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot, needs debranching to stay leaf when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot.
Comparative example 1
1.1 seedbed preparations: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, broadcast front soil and close and whole, per hectare Acetochlor 30kg before whole ground, all
Even it is sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, carbamide 5 kg, phosphoric acid diamidogen 10 for every mu
Kg, disposably applies wholely;
Described every 30kg Acetochlor is by 90% Acetochlor 100g and excess water;
1.2 will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate according to mass ratio 5:2:0.2 in distiller's grains of beer, and after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate
And filtering residue is standby;
1.3 seed screenings and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed;
1.4 carry out water furrow planting after the soil temperature of seeding layer is stablized more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, and line-spacing is 60cm,
Spacing in the rows is 30cm, is spilled into medicine soil in ditch, and every mu is spilled into medicine soil 30kg, sowing, every mu of seed consumption 04-0.5kg;
Described medicine local soil type becomes: 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100g, admixes fine earth 29.9kg;
1.5 field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and pulls out
Joint after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot, needs debranching to stay leaf when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot.
Comparative example 2
2.1 seedbed preparations: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, broadcast front soil and close and whole, per hectare Acetochlor 30kg before whole ground, all
Even it is sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, carbamide 5 kg, phosphoric acid diamidogen 10 for every mu
Kg, disposably applies wholely;
Described every 30kg Acetochlor is by 90% Acetochlor 100g and excess water;
2.2 will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate according to mass ratio 5:2:0.2 in distiller's grains of beer, and after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate
And filtering residue is standby;
2.3 seed screenings and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed;
2.4 carry out water furrow planting after the soil temperature of seeding layer is stablized more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, and line-spacing is 60cm,
Spacing in the rows is 30cm, is spilled into medicine soil in ditch, and every mu is spilled into medicine soil 30kg, sowing, every mu of seed consumption 04-0.5kg;
Described medicine local soil type becomes: 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 100g, admixes fine earth 29.9kg;
2.5 field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, enter branch's phase
After, carry out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove nutrition branch on side shoot in time, need to go when removing the nutrition branch on side shoot
Branch stays leaf.
Effect test:
1, choose Dezhou City Decheng District and carry out the plantation of Quinoa, experimental plot is equally divided into 6 pieces, one mu every piece, numbering S1-S6,
Wherein, the implantation methods that S1-S3 is respectively adopted embodiment 1-3 and provides carries out the plantation of Quinoa;S4-S5 uses comparative example 1-2 to carry
The implantation methods of confession carries out the plantation of Quinoa;S6 uses traditional Quinoa implantation methods to carry out the plantation of Quinoa, by the mu of Quinoa
Ratio shared by yield, one-level Quinoa, two grades of Quinoa and three grades of Quinoa is added up, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 1;
The grade scale of Quinoa is:
One-level Quinoa: every mass of 1000 kernel is less than or equal to 4.5g more than 3.5g;
Two grades of Quinoa: every mass of 1000 kernel is less than or equal to 3.5g more than 2.5g;
Two grades of Quinoa: every mass of 1000 kernel is less than in 2.5g;
Table 1
The analysis of the Quinoa randomization laggard row nutritional labeling 2, embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 gathered in the crops, concrete composition is egg
White matter, starch, ash, crude fibre, concrete testing result is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
3, in planting process, emergence rate, germinating energy and lodging rate for experimental plot S1 and S4-S6 are added up, and specifically tie
Fruit is shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Note: numeral rear right subscript difference letter represents significant difference (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from the table, utilizing the method that the present invention provides, the germination percentage of Quinoa seed and germinating energy are all substantially high
In comparative example, and it is neat to emerge, and Seedling strain is sturdy, it addition, only use in the comparative example of Acetochlor, the weeds of growth are the relatively present invention carry
Spraying the many of Acetochlor mixed liquor and needing other spraying herbicide also or artificial weeding of confession, adds manpower and materials.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention preferably embodiment, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited by embodiment
System, the change made, modifies, combines, substitutes, simplifies and all should be under other any spirit without departing from the present invention and principle
Equivalence substitute mode, within being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the Quinoa implantation methods being applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) seedbed preparation: soil is ploughed, basal dressing, broadcast front soil and close and whole, per hectare Acetochlor mixed liquor before whole ground
30-40kg, is uniformly sprinkled upon soil surface, carries out rake mill subsequently wholely;Execute biological bacterium organic fertilizer 100kg, carbamide 5 kg, phosphorus for every mu
Acid diamine 10 kg, disposably applies wholely;
(2) will add glycerol, ethylene carbonate in distiller's grains of beer, after stirring 2h, extruding is filtered, and obtains filtrate and filtering residue is standby;
(3) seed screening and process: select precocious big grain, the Quinoa seed of plant mini-breed, seed is soaked in filtrate
2-3h, dries after taking-up;
(4) soil temperature at seeding layer carries out water furrow planting after stablizing more than 10 DEG C, and ditching depth is 2-3cm, is spilled into medicine in ditch
Soil, every mu is spilled into medicine soil 30kg, sowing, every mu of seed consumption 04-0.5kg;
Described medicine soil is made up of the filtering residue in step (2), Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder and fine earth;
(5) field management: in the Quinoa seedling 3-4 leaf phase, thinning to two strain caves, 5-6 leaf phase final singling to 1 strain cave, Quinoa enters and divides
Prop up after date, ditching between two ditches, ditch depth 5-8cm, wide 3-4cm, ditching soil is carried out root ridging;After main fringe manifests, remove in time
Nutrition branch on side shoot.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Acetochlor mixed liquor is by 90% second grass
Amine 100g, spaonin powder 2kg, Rhizoma amorphophalli powder 1.5kg, Polyethylene Glycol 40g and excess water.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described distiller's grains of beer, glycerol, ethylene carbonate
Mass ratio is 5:2:0.5.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (4), the line-spacing of described sowing is 60
~ 80cm, spacing in the rows are 20 ~ 30cm.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described medicine soil is by filtering residue 5kg, pretreatment business
Land fruit 2kg, surplus is that local soil type becomes.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the preprocess method that described Radix Phytolaccae fruit powder uses
For: by fresh Radix Phytolaccae fruit adds carboxymethyl cellulose, ethanol, after drying after grinding to form mud, it is broken into powder;Described business
The mass ratio of Lu Guo, carboxymethyl cellulose and ethanol is 1:0.12:8.
Quinoa implantation methods the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (5), remove the nutrition branch on side shoot
Time need debranching to stay leaf.
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CN106856964A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-06-20 | 天津农学院 | A kind of South America lamb's-quarters seedling dish cultural method |
CN108419472A (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2018-08-21 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The method for planting quinoa improvement heavy saline |
CN109168867A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-11 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of apricot-quinoa composite plant method |
CN109247208A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-22 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | A kind of blended sliver band implantation methods of quinoa-sorghum |
CN109168867B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-01-26 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method |
CN109247208B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2021-07-20 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Quinoa-sorghum mixed strip planting method |
CN110338008A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-10-18 | 山东省蚕业研究所 | A kind of quinoa culturing and transplanting seedlings implantation methods suitable for beach saline land |
CN115769736A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-03-10 | 江苏省沿海开发(东台)有限公司 | Mechanized harvesting method for quinoa in coastal region |
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