CN109168867B - Apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method which comprises the steps of land selection, fertilization and land preparation in autumn and winter, sowing, thinning, hilling, fertilization in spring, apricot picking, pest control, harvesting and the like. On one hand, the quinoa is planted in the apricot forest, when the quinoa enters the filling stage, the flourishing branches and leaves of the apricot tree enable the later-stage growth of the quinoa to be always in shade, good conditions are created for the growth of the quinoa in low-altitude areas, and the quality improvement of the quinoa is facilitated. On the other hand, the quinoa can be effectively prevented from lodging in the aspects of land selection, sowing, hilling and the like. And the base fertilizer and the efficient compound fertilizer are applied in a matching manner, so that the method is suitable for the whole growth cycle of the quinoa, is favorable for resisting lodging of the quinoa, improves the yield of the quinoa, and also effectively improves the quality of the quinoa.

Description

Apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method.

Background

Chenopodium quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is also called Chenopodium quinoa, etc., and is native to south America such as Viviae, etc. Chenopodium quinoa willd is rich in high-quality protein, amino acid and other substances, but does not contain cholesterol, gluten and the like, and is a low-fat, low-sugar and low-calorie alkaline food. Chenopodium quinoa willd is tried in 1983, USA and Canada, and in 1987, chenopodium quinoa willd products enter the health product market. Due to the particularity of the weather requirements of quinoa, the planting area of quinoa in the United states and Canada is kept in a relatively small range, and in recent years, some varieties suitable for low altitude and high temperature resistance are screened out, and the planting area tends to be enlarged. In recent years, due to the vigorous demand, Chenopodium quinoa has also been introduced in China.

After the method is introduced into China, a matched high-yield planting technology is not formed in China aiming at the production conditions of different areas, and extensive field management causes large-area lodging of plants, serious plant diseases and insect pests, low yield, poor quality and even top-off production in high-temperature rainy years. Specifically, because chenopodium quinoa plants are tall and big and have developed lateral branches, in order to pursue economic benefits, pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used blindly and massively, and chemical pesticides and chemical fertilizers are used massively for a long time, so that high pesticide residue of products is caused, the land is hardened, the ecological system of a farmland is seriously damaged, the chenopodium quinoa yield is greatly reduced, and the planting area is also greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method, which aims to solve the problems of low yield and poor quality of quinoa in low-altitude areas of China.

The invention provides an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting land: selecting apricot trees to plant in rows, wherein the apricot trees are planted in a straight line, and the row spacing of the apricot trees is 12-15m, and the planting spacing of the apricot trees is 3-5 m;

(2) fertilizing in autumn and winter: deeply burying a fertilizer barrel around each apricot tree, wherein the fertilizer barrel comprises a barrel part and a neck part, the barrel part is provided with a plurality of fertilizer penetrating holes, the fertilizer penetrating holes are single-channel holes from inside to outside, and the bottom of the barrel part is buried at a position 5-10m away from the ground; the neck part is of a tubular structure, the bottom of the neck part is communicated to the top of the barrel part, the top of the neck part is a fertilizer opening which is flush with the ground and is provided with a fertilizer cover; when the fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the fertilizer cover is opened, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into a fertilizer barrel;

(3) land preparation: deeply loosening and sunning upturned soil among lines of apricot trees to enable plots to meet the requirements of depth, loosening, fineness and flatness;

(4) sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 4 months, adopting hole sowing, digging holes according to the row spacing of 50-60cm and the plant spacing of 40-50cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3-5cm, applying base fertilizer into each sowing hole, uniformly scattering chenopodium quinoa seeds into the sowing holes, covering 4-7 chenopodium quinoa seeds in each sowing hole, covering a mixture of plant ash and soil, slightly applying pressure, and watering once after sowing; sprouting after 3-5 days;

the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of human and animal excrement and urine, 200 parts of 100 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-1 part of silicate bacteria agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis;

(4) thinning: thinning when the height of the seedling is 15-20cm after the quinoa emerges, and simultaneously weeding for the first time, wherein 1-2 plants are set to seedlings in each hole;

(5) ridging: when the height of the seedling is 40-60cm, carrying out secondary weeding, and meanwhile, carrying out primary earthing-up on the quinoa; carrying out second hilling when the height of the seedlings is 80-100 cm;

(6) spring fertilization: applying the high-efficiency compound fertilizer when the seedling emergence of the chenopodium quinoa is 40-45 days, wherein the application amount is 300-400 kg/mu;

the efficient compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of plant ash, 150 parts of 100-doped silt, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-20 parts of sodium selenite;

(7) apricot picking: harvesting apricots in the first ten days of 6 months;

(8) and (3) pest control: observing in the mating season of turnip, and manually capturing turnip;

(9) harvesting: when the ears of the quinoa become yellow and red, the whole plant harvesting mode is adopted to finish harvesting the quinoa for 2-3 times, and airing is carried out after harvesting.

Optionally, the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a. mixing the crushed straws with human and animal excreta for composting until the compost is dark black, soft and thoroughly decomposed;

b. adding ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, lignin, humic acid and sodium selenite into the thoroughly decomposed compost, and uniformly mixing;

c. and (c) mixing a silicate bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and bacillus subtilis, mixing the mixture obtained in the step (b), and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the base fertilizer.

Optionally, the preparation method of the high-efficiency compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a. drying the sludge until the water content is less than 50%;

b. and (b) mixing plant ash, borax and humic acid into the sludge obtained in the step a, adding a mixed solution of prohexadione calcium, calcium superphosphate, polyaspartic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite, stacking, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain the high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

Optionally, the water-soluble compound fertilizer is fed in a small quantity and multiple times manner, and is fed for 1 time every 10 days for 2 months continuously.

Optionally, the edge of the fertilizer penetrating hole is provided with silica gel protruding into the basin, and when the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into the fertilizer barrel, the fertilizer penetrating hole is opened outwards to form a single-channel hole.

Optionally, the fertilization barrel is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the chenopodium quinoa willd grows excessively vigorously due to the fact that precipitation and soil fertility of plain areas are higher than those of original production areas, and lodging phenomena are prone to occurring. And the base fertilizer and the efficient compound fertilizer are applied in a matching manner, so that the method is suitable for the whole growth cycle of the quinoa, is favorable for resisting lodging of the quinoa, improves the yield of the quinoa, and also effectively improves the quality of the quinoa.

(2) The quinoa is planted in the apricot forest, when the quinoa enters the grout period, the flourishing branches and leaves of the apricot tree enable the later-stage growth of the quinoa to be always in shade, good conditions are created for the growth of the quinoa in low-altitude areas, and the quality improvement of the quinoa is facilitated. Besides, the apricot forest can also play a role in wind prevention, rain prevention and hail prevention, effectively resists lodging, and further ensures the yield of the quinoa. The harvesting operation of the apricots does not influence the growth of the quinoa.

(3) The apricot trees are fertilized in autumn and winter by a special fertilization barrel with single-channel fertilizer penetrating holes from inside to outside, and a small amount of water-soluble compound fertilizer is directly applied to deep root systems of the apricot trees for many times, so that the growth of fruits of the apricot trees in the next year is promoted, and the yield of the apricot trees is increased.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without any inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilization barrel provided by the invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method, which aims to solve the problems of low yield and poor quality of quinoa in low-altitude areas of China. The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The embodiment 1 provides an apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method, which includes the following steps:

(1) selecting land: selecting apricot trees to plant in rows, wherein the apricot trees are planted in a straight line, and the row spacing of the apricot trees is 12-15m, and the planting spacing of the apricot trees is 3-5 m.

(2) Fertilizing in autumn and winter: deeply burying a fertilizer barrel around each apricot tree, wherein the fertilizer barrel is structurally shown in figure 1: the fertilizer applying barrel comprises a barrel part 1 and a neck part 2, wherein the barrel part is provided with a plurality of fertilizer penetrating holes 12, the fertilizer penetrating holes 12 are single-channel holes from inside to outside, and the bottom of the barrel part 1 is buried at a position 5-10m away from the ground; the neck part 2 is of a tubular structure, the bottom of the neck part is communicated to the top of the barrel part 1, the top of the neck part is a fertilizer opening which is level to the ground, and a fertilizer cover 3 is arranged on the neck part; silica gel protruding into the basin is arranged on the edge of the fertilizer penetrating hole 12, and when the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into the fertilizer barrel, the fertilizer penetrating hole 12 is opened outwards to form a single-channel hole; in order to prevent corrosion and improve the durability of the fertilization barrel, the fertilization barrel is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. When the fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the fertilizer cover 3 is opened, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into the fertilizer barrel. The water-soluble compound fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer for fruit trees, which is commercially available, and is fed in a small quantity and multiple times manner, wherein the feeding is carried out for 1 time every 10 days and is continuous for 2 months.

(3) Land preparation: the sunning upturned soil is deeply loosened among the lines of the apricot trees, so that the land can meet the requirements of depth, loosening, fineness and flatness.

(4) Sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 4 months, adopting hole sowing, digging holes according to the row spacing of 50-60cm and the plant spacing of 40-50cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3-5cm, applying base fertilizer into each sowing hole, uniformly scattering chenopodium quinoa seeds into the sowing holes, covering 4-7 chenopodium quinoa seeds in each sowing hole, covering a mixture of plant ash and soil, slightly applying pressure, and watering once after sowing; sprouting can be carried out after 3-5 days.

In the embodiment, the base fertilizer contains the following components in parts by mass: 300 parts of human and animal excrement and urine, 200 parts of straw, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 30 parts of lignin, 75 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of sodium selenite, 1 part of silicate fungicide, 3 parts of yeast powder and 1 part of bacillus subtilis. The preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. mixing the crushed straws with human and animal excreta for composting until the compost is dark black, soft and thoroughly decomposed; b. adding ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, lignin, humic acid and sodium selenite into the thoroughly decomposed compost, and uniformly mixing; c. and (c) mixing a silicate bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and bacillus subtilis, mixing the mixture obtained in the step (b), and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the base fertilizer.

Besides the above scheme, the formula of the base fertilizer can adopt the following scheme: 400 parts of human and animal excrement and urine, 200 parts of 100 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-1 part of silicate bacteria agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis.

(4) Thinning: thinning the quinoa seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 15-20cm after the quinoa seedlings emerge, and weeding for the first time, wherein 1-2 plants are fixed in each hole.

(5) Ridging: when the height of the seedling is 40-60cm, carrying out secondary weeding, and meanwhile, carrying out primary earthing-up on the quinoa; and when the height of the seedling is 80-100cm, carrying out second hilling.

(6) Spring fertilization: and applying the high-efficiency compound fertilizer when the seedlings of the chenopodium quinoa grow for 40-45 days, wherein the application amount is 300-400 kg/mu.

In the embodiment, the efficient compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of plant ash, 120 parts of silt, 15 parts of borax, 5 parts of prohexadione calcium, 15 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 8 parts of humic acid, 7 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10 parts of sodium selenite. The preparation method of the high-efficiency compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: a. drying the sludge until the water content is less than 50%; b. and (b) mixing plant ash, borax and humic acid into the sludge obtained in the step a, adding a mixed solution of prohexadione calcium, calcium superphosphate, polyaspartic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite, stacking, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain the high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

Besides the scheme, the formula of the high-efficiency compound fertilizer can adopt the following scheme: 80-90 parts of plant ash, 150 parts of silt, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-20 parts of sodium selenite.

(7) Apricot picking: in the first ten days of 6 months, the apricots are harvested.

(8) And (3) pest control: the turnip can be artificially captured by observing in the mating season of turnip.

(9) Harvesting: when the ears of the quinoa become yellow and red, the whole plant harvesting mode is adopted to finish harvesting the quinoa for 2-3 times, and airing is carried out after harvesting.

The disease and insect prevention rate of the chenopodium quinoa planted by the embodiment is more than 95 percent, and the yield per mu can reach 200 and 250 kg/mu. The acre yield of the apricot trees can reach 2300 plus 2600 kg/mu, and the fruits are delicious and juicy and are full and mellow.

Comparative example 1

The chenopodium quinoa willd is planted in the same land independently, other planting steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1, and the applied base fertilizer and the applied additional fertilizer, namely the high-efficiency compound fertilizer in the embodiment 1, are also the same as those in the embodiment 1. And (5) counting the emergence rate and lodging rate of the chenopodium quinoa.

Comparative example 2

The applied base fertilizer is common farmyard manure, the applied additional fertilizer is potassium fertilizer, and the other planting steps are the same as those in example 1. And (5) counting the emergence rate and lodging rate of the chenopodium quinoa.

Comparative example 3

The applied base fertilizer is common farmyard manure, the applied additional fertilizer is the high-efficiency compound fertilizer in the example 1, and other planting steps are the same as those in the example 1. And (5) counting the emergence rate and lodging rate of the chenopodium quinoa.

Comparative example 4

The applied base fertilizer was the base fertilizer of example 1, the applied additional fertilizer was a potassium fertilizer, and the other planting steps were the same as in example 1. And (4) counting the emergence rate and lodging rate of each square meter of quinoa.

TABLE 1 comparison of rate of emergence and lodging for quinoa

	Example 1	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Comparative example 3	Comparative example 4
						Rate of emergence	98％	96％	87％	93％	95％
Lodging rate	9％	18％	20％	14％	22％

The following conclusions can be drawn from table 1:

(1) the mulching planting mainly ensures soil moisture and nutrients, so that the quinoa can successfully emerge, therefore, compared with the comparative example 1, the emergence rate of the comparative example 1 is slightly reduced, and the lodging rate is greatly increased. The base fertilizer and the additional fertilizer are the same, but the lodging rate is increased due to the lack of sun shading and protection of the apricot trees.

(3) The comparison between example 1 and comparative examples 2-4 shows that the main effect of the base fertilizer is to ensure the emergence rate, and the main effect of the top dressing is to resist lodging. Therefore, the base fertilizer and the efficient compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are applied in combination, so that the effects of ensuring the rate of emergence of the chenopodium quinoa and promoting the lodging resistance of the chenopodium quinoa can be achieved, and the yield and the quality of the chenopodium quinoa are improved.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.

Claims (4)

1. The apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting land: selecting apricot trees to plant in rows, wherein the apricot trees are planted in a straight line, and the row spacing of the apricot trees is 12-15m, and the planting spacing of the apricot trees is 3-5 m;

(2) fertilizing in autumn and winter: deeply burying a fertilizer barrel around each apricot tree, wherein the fertilizer barrel comprises a barrel part and a neck part, the barrel part is provided with a plurality of fertilizer penetrating holes, the fertilizer penetrating holes are single-channel holes from inside to outside, and the bottom of the barrel part is buried at a position 5-10m away from the ground; the neck part is of a tubular structure, the bottom of the neck part is communicated to the top of the barrel part, the top of the neck part is a fertilizer opening which is flush with the ground and is provided with a fertilizer cover; when the fertilizer is applied in autumn and winter, the fertilizer cover is opened, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into a fertilizer barrel; wherein: when a water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into the fertilizing barrel, the fertilizer penetrating holes are opened outwards to form single-channel holes, the water-soluble compound fertilizer is fed in a small quantity and multiple times manner, and the water-soluble compound fertilizer is put into the fertilizing barrel for 1 time every 10 days and is continuously fed for 2 months;

(3) land preparation: deeply loosening and sunning upturned soil among lines of apricot trees to enable plots to meet the requirements of depth, loosening, fineness and flatness;

(4) sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 4 months, adopting hole sowing, digging holes according to the row spacing of 50-60cm and the plant spacing of 40-50cm, wherein the depth of each hole is 3-5cm, applying base fertilizer into each sowing hole, uniformly scattering chenopodium quinoa seeds into the sowing holes, covering 4-7 chenopodium quinoa seeds in each sowing hole, covering a mixture of plant ash and soil, slightly applying pressure, and watering once after sowing; sprouting after 3-5 days;

the base fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 400 parts of human and animal excrement and urine, 200 parts of 100 parts of straw, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 20-40 parts of lignin, 70-80 parts of humic acid, 10-20 parts of sodium selenite, 0.5-1 part of silicate bacteria agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis;

(4) thinning: thinning when the height of the seedling is 15-20cm after the quinoa emerges, and simultaneously weeding for the first time, wherein 1-2 plants are set to seedlings in each hole;

(5) ridging: when the height of the seedling is 40-60cm, carrying out secondary weeding, and meanwhile, carrying out primary earthing-up on the quinoa; carrying out second hilling when the height of the seedlings is 80-100 cm;

(6) spring fertilization: applying the high-efficiency compound fertilizer when the seedling emergence of the chenopodium quinoa is 40-45 days, wherein the application amount is 300-400 kg/mu;

the efficient compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-90 parts of plant ash, 150 parts of 100-doped silt, 10-20 parts of borax, 5-10 parts of prohexadione calcium, 10-20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-10 parts of polyaspartic acid, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 10-20 parts of sodium selenite;

(7) apricot picking: harvesting apricots in the first ten days of 6 months;

(8) and (3) pest control: observing in the mating season of turnip, and manually capturing turnip;

(9) harvesting: when the ears of the quinoa become yellow and red, the whole plant harvesting mode is adopted to finish harvesting the quinoa for 2-3 times, and airing is carried out after harvesting.

2. The apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a. mixing the crushed straws with human and animal excreta for composting until the compost is dark black, soft and thoroughly decomposed;

b. adding ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, lignin, humic acid and sodium selenite into the thoroughly decomposed compost, and uniformly mixing;

c. and (c) mixing a silicate bacterial agent, 1-5 parts of yeast powder and bacillus subtilis, mixing the mixture obtained in the step (b), and fermenting for 7-10 days to obtain the base fertilizer.

3. The apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the high-efficiency compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a. drying the sludge until the water content is less than 50%;

b. and (b) mixing plant ash, borax and humic acid into the sludge obtained in the step a, adding a mixed solution of prohexadione calcium, calcium superphosphate, polyaspartic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium selenite, stacking, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain the high-efficiency compound fertilizer.

4. The apricot tree-quinoa compound planting method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizing barrel is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

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