CN103975747A - Rod type multi-season multi-cropping method for vegetables - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a rod type multi-season multi-cropping method for vegetables to solve the problems of low multi-cropping indexes, limited yields, long field standby time, high frame erection costs and the like in the melon and fruit vegetable annular planting mode. According to the method, crop connection of vegetables of the next season is fully arranged, growth characteristics and requirements for the environment of the vegetables in different growth periods are fully used for setting the intergrowth periods among front and back crops reasonably, growing is performed once is harvested, harvesting is performed for four seasons one year, fruits and vegetables are planted for four seasons, the multi-cropping index is improved, and the mu yield and earnings are increased.

Description

Vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method

Technical field

The crops for rotation that the present invention relates under the high cropping index of vegetables (melon and fruit class) are connected and rod-type high-yield culture technique.

Background technology

Existing melon-fruit-like vegetable plantation employing anniversary cropping pattern, was generally for two seasons, in then after upper season vegetables results again field arrange and plant next vegetables in season.

The subject matter existing in anniversary implant model is:

One, in open country plantation melon and fruit two seasons of dish in anniversary, cropping index is low, and output is limited, and the standby time in field is long;

Two, built can only be with 1-2 time, and use cost is high.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to overcome the above-mentioned prior art defect of melon-fruit-like vegetable cropping pattern, a kind of vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method is provided, the present invention, by the interplanting technology between crop, fully arranges the crops for rotation of vegetables of lower season to be connected, and utilizes growth characteristic and the requirement to environment of different growing stage between vegetables, the symbiosis phase between doing before and after reasonable arrangement, having to receive has kind, reaches harvest throughout the year, the plantation of four seasons gourd, fruit and vegetable, raise the multiple-cropping index, increase per mu yield value and income.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:

Vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method, is characterized in that comprising following content:

Screening varieties: according to four seasons climatic characteristic, select at least one varieties of plant of per season, and set four seasons kind plantation order;

Grow seedlings in advance: before a upper season ripe prerequisite, grow seedlings, adopt seedbed grow seedlings field transplanting or seeding and seedling raising;

Interplanting is connected: according to crop growth period characteristic, adopt interplanting mode before a upper season maturation, in original place, to cultivate next crop in season.

Further, the present invention adopts built plantation, and kind is selected built plantation class crop, and built four seasons are used.

Further, after this season maturation, pluck in time, clear up climing rattan, for next in season ripe kind space is provided.

Further, four seasons kind is torn bar open after plucking and finishing in time, and site preparation and fertilization, lies fallow, or adds one season of kind leaf vegetables.

The present invention is directed to different melon and fruit veriety growths requires different to environment (temp. and humidity), in conjunction with climatic characteristic throughout the year, carry out open country planting structure distribution, by the screening to kind, adopt the crops for rotation between doing before and after interplanting mode reasonable arrangement to be connected, carry out the reasonably combined of growth period and space etc. between kind.

Due to outdoor cropping, kind is all set in brickwork melon-fruit-like vegetable, and according to climatic characteristic throughout the year: early temperature is lower season, temperature, soil temperature temperature recovery are slow, and plant growth is also slow, and after entering summer, temperature raises; The 7-8 month, is the highest period of annual temperature, enters after September, and temperature starts to reduce, and after November, enters very soon the winter, melon-fruit-like vegetable growth retardation.Therefore in 1 year, warm vegetables (as tomato) are liked in the plantation of one season, the plantation second season more resistant to elevated temperatures vegetables (as sponge gourd, pumpkin), third quarter plantation happiness is the vegetables (as cowpea) of 22-30 ℃ of growth, plant more low temperature resistant vegetables (as without muscle beans etc.) fourth season, for guaranteeing that each melon-fruit-like vegetable has enough growths and ripe results, per season vegetables in seedbed, grow seedlings in advance, and transplant interplanting in previous crops vegetables in the ranks, start one period of symbiosis phase being independent of each other.In previous crops results, rear work is also at normal growth.

The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:

One, outdoor cropping, does not need with facility plastic greenhouse, saves basis and drops into.

Two, the plantation four seasons, results four seasons vegetables, raise the multiple-cropping index more than 2, increase results product.

Three, bar four dishes (built plantation four batches of vegetables), a built, is used for four times, reduces artificial built cost, and changes and kind plough, tear open frame expense.

Four, economic flow rate is doubled, and the output value improves 1 times, and net earnings improves 100%.

Five, bamboo bridge, variations in temperature is little, unlike steelframe, inhales rapid heat dissipation, is conducive to improve crop quality.

Six, adopt interplanting crop rotation, more than crop smothering reduces by 30 %, soil damage by disease and insect reduces more than 30%, greatly reduces agricultural chemicals expenditure.

embodiment:

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:

" bar four dishes " cropping pattern: tomato---sponge gourd---cowpea-without muscle beans.

the first seasongrowing tomatoes

1. kind is selected: select fruit look annesl fast, the strong kind of setting power is as 8898 of Israel.

2. seedling raising and transplanting: due to the beginning of the year temperature low, grow seedlings and carry out in booth.Seedling raise period is in the mid-November of last year, adopts organic substrate grow seedlings (organic substrate can be made by oneself, and method is with animal manure one deck soil one deck excrement such as pig manures and adds quicklime and mix retting and heap after becoming thoroughly decomposed).When using homemade organic substrate, matrix is carried out to sterilization, desinsection, happy benzene (not injuring the beneficial organisms such as earthworm), carbendazim, the topsin etc. for sterilization executed for desinsection.Before sowing, Dip kind 12 hours, dressing, vernalization, after sowing is sprouted and taken root, heel in (sucker that is colonizated in the dress peat composed of rotten mosses), notes moisturizing, waters, and strengthens seedling management, and seedling was transplanted mid-March.Culturable standard, opens railway carriage or compartment 140 cm, line-spacing 80 cm, and nest is apart from 50 cm, every mu of fertilizer of base fertilizer 1000 kg, each 50kg of P.K; Full field film mulching and planting.

3. field management: after transplant survival, instant final singling, fill the gaps with seedlings, after 20 days, with bamboo bar built, adopt " people " font frame, and bundle consolidation.Topdress: clear liquid dung 1000kg, diseases and pests controlling.

4. pluck in time: when solanberry is ripe, pluck in time; To July, disposable harvesting during fast undercarriage, cleaning, and for lower season vegetables better growing environment is provided.

the second seasonsponge gourd plantation

1. kind is selected: sponge gourd adaptation is bloomed at higher temperature (20-35 ℃), result, and kind is selected little elephant skin, the large kind of hardness; This veriety is difficult for wounding, easily carrying, and meat is thick, quality better, nice kind.

2. seedling raising and transplanting: for guaranteeing that sponge gourd has at flowering and fruit bearing that higher temperature, seedling raise period are determined in 2 months a period, the last ten-days period raise seedling in greenhouse, container seedling.The homemade organic substrate of seedling medium, and sterilization, desinsection.Seed, after Dip kind, dressing, is inserted 1 centimeter, seedling-raising cup matrix table soil, rear with fine earth covering, and film is taken off in the watering drenched flat film covering that adds when sprouting 70-80%; After emerging, strengthen seedling management restraining the growth of seedlings, at the beginning of 4 months, transplant in previous crops (the dish first season) tomato capable; Culturable standard: nest is apart from 300cm; Now, tomato has been grown high, and lower space spares, can be for the growth of pachyrhizus seedling.Because tomato plant height is below 2 meters, and sponge gourd is born fruit more than 2 meters, and its space does not disaccord mutually.

3. field management: after transplant survival, topdress in time, note preventing disease worm, keep main climing growth vigor, make its main climing many results of blooming more.

4. pluck: to mid-June, sponge gourd enters the picking period, after repeatedly plucking, to by the end of August, pluck and substantially finish; Cut off in time tendril, make it finish growth, again for next batch of vegetables provide growing environment.

the third quartercowpea plantation

1. kind is selected: select cold resistance strong (5-8 ℃), the picking period is long, output is high extremely early variety to become cowpea No. 7.

2. seedling raising and transplanting: cowpea is bloomed and born pods, temperature, a little less than sponge gourd, adapts at 22-30 ℃; For this reason, the sowing of determining cowpea is aspire to mid-June.The same sponge gourd of seedling-cultivating method, open country is grown seedlings, and container seedling, when seedling age reaches 30 days, is transplanted, and transplants mid-July.Due to the tomato of first season now undercarriage, to remove, the sponge gourd of the second season has highly been tied melon more than 2m, and lower space is spacious, very beneficial to cowpea seedling growth.

3. field management: July, temperature was high, but have luffa vine leaf in top sunshade, cowpea seedling growth in bottom is not subject to temperatures involved, adds rich water quality management, and growth of seedling is healthy and strong, and uses original bamboo frame, upwards akala growth.

4. pluck: to mid-August, cowpea enters the picking period, now go up season sponge gourd and finish soon harvesting, by after disposable gathering, cut off sponge gourd tendril, treat here it withers voluntarily, for the cowpea grafting bud that blooms provides and more has favourable space.

the fourth seasonwithout muscle beans, plant

1. kind is selected: select cold resistance strong (5-8 ℃), the picking period is long, and output is high spends blue or green shell kind in vain.

2. seeding and seedling raising:,, can directly be seeded on cowpea plantation railway carriage or compartment without muscle beans therefore at the beginning of the sowing time can being arranged in 9 months, now go up the near undercarriage of season cowpea at 5-20 ℃ without muscle beans adaptive temperature in vegetative period, not grow seedlings separately.Due to upper season crop also exist, field soil humidity is suitable seed germination and emergence also; If the Heavenly Stems, can suitably water and drench.Sowing specification: line-spacing adopts the wide 80m in original railway carriage or compartment, nest is apart from 30-35cm, and mu is planted 3000 nest left and right, does not transplant.

3. field management: after seed sprouting emerges, regularly thinning, fill the gaps with seedlings, initial bloom stage imposes urea 10g/ mu, supplements boron fertilizer and calcareous fertilisers simultaneously; Grafting bud phase every mu of sealing fertilizer 30kg, attention is held up climing added, carries out in time diseases and pests controlling.

4. pluck: without muscle beans, October, bloom, gather November, until in conjunction with topdressing, extend as much as possible its picking period mid-December.

5. after harvesting finishes, tear in time bar open, site preparation and fertilization, lies fallow, and optionally also can add one season of kind leaf vegetables etc.

The planting benefit in the present invention's " bar four dishes " one year, more than 1.6 ten thousand/mu, is deducted cost, nearly 10,000 yuan/mu of net profit, and the plantation of common anniversary is taken in 8000 yuan/mu, cost is more than 3000 yuan/mu.

Adopt 1 year " bar four dishes " technology of solanaceous vegetables of innovation, with the plantation of common solanaceous vegetables anniversary, all make in various degree damage by disease and insect reduce, per mu yield value and economic benefit are doubled and redoubled, and planting cost reduces greatly.

Claims (4)

1. multiple cropping of many seasons of vegetables rod-type method, is characterized in that comprising following content:

Screening varieties: according to four seasons climatic characteristic, select at least one varieties of plant of per season, and set four seasons kind plantation order;

Grow seedlings in advance: before a upper season ripe prerequisite, grow seedlings, adopt seedbed grow seedlings field transplanting or seeding and seedling raising;

Interplanting is connected: according to crop growth period characteristic, adopt interplanting mode before a upper season maturation, in original place, to cultivate next crop in season.

2. vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt built plantation, kind is selected built plantation class crop, and built four seasons are used.

3. vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after this season maturation, pluck in time, clear up climing rattan, for next season ripe kind space is provided.

4. vegetables rod-type multiple cropping of many seasons method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: four seasons kind is torn bar open after plucking and finishing in time, and site preparation and fertilization, lies fallow, or adds one season of kind leaf vegetables.