CN101711499B - Method for intercropping bead trees and okra - Google Patents
Method for intercropping bead trees and okra Download PDFInfo
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- CN101711499B CN101711499B CN2009102346728A CN200910234672A CN101711499B CN 101711499 B CN101711499 B CN 101711499B CN 2009102346728 A CN2009102346728 A CN 2009102346728A CN 200910234672 A CN200910234672 A CN 200910234672A CN 101711499 B CN101711499 B CN 101711499B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for intercropping bead trees and okra, which comprises the steps of: planting the bead trees, breeding okra seeds, preparing intercropping land, intercropping the okra, performing field management of the okra, harvesting fruit and the like. The method for intercropping the bead trees and the okra has the prominent advantages that: the utilization factor of land is improved and land resources are saved; the bead trees have the effect of kills plant diseases and insect pests, so when the okra is planted among the bead trees, the use of pesticide and chemical products is avoided; the planting of the okra also can play a role in loosing soil structures, conserving moisture in soil and the like; rhizomes of the picked okra can replenish organic matter components in the soil through natural biofermentation, and natural aroma given out by the bead trees can improve the quality of the okra greatly; and the growth cycle of the bead trees is long, but the okra is harvest in the same year as planting, the response is quick, and thus the long and short plants are combined, and the economic benefits are increased greatly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of margosa and okra.
Background technology
Margosa is an a kind of medicinal class magaphanerophytes, and economic worth is than higher, the plantation on a large scale in some place.But the maturing stage of margosa is longer, generally will can fell in 15 years, and spacing in the rows and line-spacing are bigger, generally wants three to five meters, therefore, at the margosa woodland a large amount of vacant lot is just arranged, and plants interplanting between carry out in this vacant lot, can greatly improve the availability in soil.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the method for planting between a kind of margosa and okra, to make full use of soil space, improves economic well-being of workers and staff, reduces production costs.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The method of planting between a kind of margosa and okra, this method comprises the steps:
(1) plantation of margosa:
Plant the margosa nursery stock according to a conventional method, keep 4～5 meters of seeding row spacings, 3～4 meters of spacing in the rows;
The kind method for planting of margosa is specific as follows:
(1a) growing seedlings of margosa:
(i) preparation of nutrition soil: the nutrition mount contains following components in weight percentage: field table soil 35%, humus soil 20%, vinasse 10%, sandy soil 20%, organic manure 15%; For control chinaberry damping off adds concentration with 15g/ square metre applied amount is 40% (w/w) methyl Tobe pulvis;
(ii) sowing: the nutrition soil of mixing is packed in the nutritive cube, and bottom nutrition soil will be used the waddy compacting, and nutrition soil is filled to from alms bowl mouth 3cm place, and every alms bowl is broadcast seed, an earthing then; Nutritive cube enters in the whole good furrow, sprays water after sequencing nutritive cube, allows seed fully combine with soil;
(1b) afforestation:
Through the cultivation in 2 years, when about 3 meters of nursery stock mean heights, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can go out the garden for 2.5～3 centimetres;
2～April of planting season; 50 * 50 * 40 centimetres of cave specifications; 4～5 meters of seeding row spacings; 3～4 meters of spacing in the rows;
Water after planting permeable, the having peace of mind of banketing;
(1c) management:
Margosa growth is fast, so after afforestation 1～3 year, annual weeding is also expanded the cave by the hat width of cloth and is fostered 2～3 times;
(2) breeding of okra:
Be placed on 25～30 ℃ of following vernalization with the okra seed through immersion annual May, when treating that 60～70% (w/w) seed breaks mouth, standby;
Perhaps with the seed after the above-mentioned vernalization at the greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, bed is native with 6 parts of garden moulds, 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, and the parts by weight proportioning mixing of 1 part of fine sand is formulated, the leveling seedbed, press 10～12 centimetres of program requests of seeding row spacing, thick 2～3 centimetres of earthing should keep 25～28 ℃ of soil temperature degree after broadcasting, promptly germinateed in 4～5 days and be unearthed, seedling age 30～40 days, during 2～3 true leaves of seedling, standby;
(3) plant the preparation on ground between:
Annual May, whole ground bedding between the line-spacing of the China tree woods;
(4) okra between plant:
In annual May, will on the furrow that perform, plant four lines, 60～65 centimetres of line-spacings, the cave is apart from 40～45 centimetres, dark 2～3 centimetres of cave, 3～4 strains of every cave are advisable in sowing with bunch planting, the seed that sprouts that can use step (2) to obtain is directly sowed, the seedling of perhaps using step (2) to obtain is transplanted, and during sowing, waters earlier, the back sowing, earthing is 2～3 centimetres again;
(5) field of okra is administered:
A, thinning: thinning first time during the broken heart, remove residual small and weak seedling; Thinning is for the second time selected and remain strong sprout during 2～3 true leaves; Final singling during 3～4 true leaves, 1 strain is stayed in every cave;
B, intertill and clean tillage and ridging: come up or field planting after, should intertill continuously 2 times, promote slow seedling; First the flowers are in blossom strengthens intertillage before putting, so that the appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development; After yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters at every turn and all should intertill after topdressing, and cultivation and banking before the envelope ridge prevents that plant from lodging;
C, water: artificial sooner or later sprinkling irrigation when broadcasting in back 20 days lack of water; Can spray or furrow irrigation by machinery after 20 days; Season hot summer, should be in the morning before 9, afternoon, post sunset watered; Pay attention to draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling;
D, fertilising: be neat seed manure for the first time, after emerging, carry out, execute 5～8 kilograms in urea for every mu; For carrying seed manure, final singling or field planting post-trenching are removed and are executed, and execute 15～20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers for every mu for the second time; The phase heavy dressing disposable fertilizer of yielding positive results, rare fertile 2000～3000 kilograms of human excrement, or 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers;
(6) fruit harvesting:
Okra needs about 60 days approximately from being seeded into first piece of tender fruit formation, and reach 60～70 days later whole picking time, and can reach 120 days the time of infertility; Okra fresh fruit standard of plucking is long 8～10 centimetres with fruit, fruit appearance emerald green, and seed is unaged in the fruit is degree; After gathering for the first time, the initial stage received once every 2～4 days, raise with temperature, gathered and shortened at interval, in the full bearing period in August, gathered once everyday or every other day; After September, gathered once in 3～4 days.
Annual afterwards repeating step (2)～(6), margosa is felled after 15 years, plants margosa again, again repeating step (2)～(6), so circulation.
In the step (2), the soak time of seed is 12～24 hours.
In the step (3), furrow are wide 200 centimetres.
In the step (4), 65 centimeters of line-spacings, the cave is apart from 40 centimeters.
Beneficial effect: the method for planting between a kind of margosa of the present invention and okra has following outstanding advantage:
One, improves land utilization rate, economize the land resource.
Two, margosa itself has the effect of killing damage by disease and insect, plants okra in the margosa seed of forest, can avoid using agricultural chemicals and chemical products, accomplishes the nuisanceless green plantation.
Three, okra is a herbaceous plant, and root system is more shallow, and margosa is a woody plant, and root system is darker relatively, and both not only do not have bad influence each other, and is very beneficial for the root system development of margosa.The plantation of okra can also be played the chesson structure, the effects such as moisture in the self-restraint soil.
Four, the root system of okra contains the biological bacteria of a kind of azotobacter and stimulating plant growth, and the rhizome after the harvesting ferments through natural biology, can replenish the organic composition in the soil, promotes the growth of margosa.And the natural fragrance that margosa is distributed can make okra absorb naturally, and the okra quality is improved greatly.Like this, plant symbiosis is helped each other, all linked with one another, realize the biological chain circulation, it is ecological to reach multi-level greening protection, has controlled water and soil loss, has prevented the damage by disease and insect generation, avoids using chemical products, has solved agricultural relict and stay problem.
Five, the growth cycle of margosa is longer, is oversupplied goods comparatively speaking, and okra then is to plant results then then, and instant effect is a undersupplied product, and combination of long drives and drop shots like this can greatly be increased economic efficiency.
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.Yet, those skilled in the art will readily understand that embodiment only is used to illustrate the present invention, and should also can not limit the present invention described in detail in claims.
Embodiment 1:
2007 to 2008, in the China tree woods in Agricultural University Of Nanjing experiment base, agronomy garden, South Mountain, Zhenjiang, carry out the planting experiment of okra, about ten mu of China tree woods areas, planted about 2000 square metres okra between being total to betwixt, about about 8000 strains, survival rate reaches 95%, has gathered in the crops 5000 kilograms of okra fresh fruits.The plantation in 2 years, results situation are basic identical.
Concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) plantation of margosa:
(1a) growing seedlings of margosa:
(i) preparation of nutrition soil: nutrition soil requires soil fine and closely woven loose, is rich in humus, and venting and water permeable is good, has certain water conservation, protects the fertilizer efficiency fruit; The nutrition mount contains following components in weight percentage: field table soil 35%, humus soil 20%, vinasse 10%, sandy soil 20%, organic manure 15%; For control chinaberry damping off adds concentration with 15g/ square metre applied amount is 40% (w/w) methyl Tobe pulvis;
(ii) sowing: the nutrition soil of mixing thoroughly is packed in the nutritive cube, and bottom nutrition soil will be used the waddy compacting, and nutrition soil is filled to from alms bowl mouth 3cm place, and every alms bowl is broadcast seed, an earthing then; The nutritive cube orderliness enters in the whole good furrow, sprays water after sequencing nutritive cube, allows seed fully combine with soil;
(1b) afforestation:
Through the cultivation in 2 years, when about 3 meters of nursery stock mean heights, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground can go out the garden for 2.5～3 centimetres.
2～April of planting season; 50 * 50 * 40 centimetres of cave specifications; 4 meters of seeding row spacings; 3 meters of spacing in the rows.
Water after planting permeable, the having peace of mind of banketing.
(1c) management:
Margosa growth is fast, so after afforestation 1～3 year, annual weeding is also expanded the cave by the hat width of cloth and is fostered 2～3 times;
(2) breeding of okra:
Be placed on 30 ℃ of following vernalization with the okra seed in 12 hours through soaking annual May, and seed begins to sprout after about 24 hours, when treating that 60～70% seeds break mouth, standby;
Perhaps with the seed after the above-mentioned vernalization at the greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, bed soil is with 6 parts of garden moulds, 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, the parts by weight proportioning mixing of 1 part of fine sand is formulated, and 10 centimetres of program requests of seeding row spacing are pressed in the leveling seedbed, thick 2 centimetres of earthing should keep 25 ℃ of soil temperature degree after broadcasting, promptly germinateed unearthed in 4～5 days, preferably adopt polypots, the measure of growing seedlings of mulch such as nutritive cube is cultivated of the right age strong sprout, seedling age 30～40 days, during 2～3 true leaves of seedling, standby;
(3) plant the preparation on ground between:
Annual May, whole ground bedding between the line-spacing of the China tree woods, furrow are wide 200 centimetres;
(4) okra between plant:
In annual May, will on the furrow that perform, plant four lines, 65 centimetres of line-spacings, the cave is apart from 40 centimetres, dark 3 centimetres of cave, 3～4 strains of every cave are advisable in sowing with bunch planting, the seed that sprouts that can use step (2) to obtain is directly sowed, the seedling of perhaps using step (2) to obtain is transplanted, and during sowing, waters earlier, the back sowing, earthing is 2 centimetres again;
(5) field of okra is administered:
A, thinning: thinning first time during the broken heart, remove residual small and weak seedling; Thinning is for the second time selected and remain strong sprout during 2～3 true leaves; Final singling during 3～4 true leaves, 1 strain is stayed in every cave;
B, intertill and clean tillage and ridging: come up or field planting after, temperature is lower, should intertill continuously 2 times, improves ground temperature, promotes slow seedling; First the flowers are in blossom strengthens intertillage before putting, so that the appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development; After yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters at every turn and all should intertill after topdressing, and cultivation and banking before the envelope ridge prevents that plant from lodging;
C, water: air that okra was had relatively high expectations between breeding time and soil moisture, artificial sooner or later sprinkling irrigation when broadcasting in back 20 days lack of water; Seedling can be sprayed or furrow irrigation by machinery slightly greatly after 20 days; Season hot summer, water requirement was big on the occasion of the okra results Sheng phase, and the surface temperature height should be in the morning before 9, and afternoon, post sunset watered, and avoided watering under the high temperature and hindered root; Pay attention to draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling; The whole growth phase is to keep ground moistening degree of being;
D, fertilising: using sufficient on the basis of base manure, should suitably topdress, partially nitrogen fertilizer application; Be neat seed manure for the first time, after emerging, carry out, execute 5～8 kilograms in urea for every mu; For carrying seed manure, final singling or field planting post-trenching are removed and are executed, and execute 15～20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers for every mu for the second time; The phase heavy dressing disposable fertilizer of yielding positive results, rare fertile 2000～3000 kilograms of human excrement, or 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers; The growth middle and later periods, repeatedly topdress on a small quantity as one sees fit, prevent plant early ageing;
(6) fruit harvesting:
Okra needs about 60 days approximately from being seeded into first piece of tender fruit formation, and reach 60～70 days later whole picking time, and can reach about 120 days the time of infertility, even longer; Okra fresh fruit standard of plucking is long 8～10 centimetres with fruit, fruit appearance emerald green, and seed is unaged in the fruit is degree; Untimely if gather, meat is aging, and fiber increases, and the commodity edibility reduces greatly; After general the gathering for the first time, the initial stage received once every 2～4 days, raise with temperature, gathered and shortened at interval.In the full bearing period in August, gather once everyday or every other day; After September, temperature descends, and gathers once in 3～4 days.
Annual afterwards repeating step (2)～(6), margosa is felled after 15 years, plants margosa again, again repeating step (2)～(6), so circulation.
Claims (4)
1. the method for planting between margosa and okra is characterized in that this method comprises the steps:
(1) plantation of margosa:
Press 4～5 meters of seeding row spacings, 3～4 meters plantations of spacing in the rows margosa nursery stock;
(2) breeding of okra:
Be placed on 25～30 ℃ of following vernalization with the okra seed through immersion annual May, when treating that 60～70% seeds break mouth, standby;
Perhaps with the seed after the above-mentioned vernalization at the greenhouse by solar heat seeding and seedling raising, bed is native with 6 parts of garden moulds, 3 parts of fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, and the parts by weight proportioning mixing of 1 part of fine sand is formulated, the leveling seedbed, press 10～12 centimetres of program requests of seeding row spacing, thick 2～3 centimetres of earthing should keep 25～28 ℃ of soil temperature degree after broadcasting, promptly germinateed in 4～5 days and be unearthed, seedling age 30～40 days, during 2～3 true leaves of seedling, standby;
(3) plant the preparation on ground between:
Annual May, whole ground bedding between the line-spacing of the China tree woods;
(4) okra between plant:
In annual May, will on the furrow that perform, plant four lines, 60～65 centimetres of line-spacings, the cave is apart from 40～45 centimetres, dark 2～3 centimetres of cave, 3～4 strains of every cave are advisable in sowing with bunch planting, the seed that sprouts that can use step (2) to obtain is directly sowed, the seedling of perhaps using step (2) to obtain is transplanted, and during sowing, waters earlier, the back sowing, earthing is 2～3 centimetres again;
(5) field of okra is administered:
A, thinning: thinning first time during the broken heart, remove residual small and weak seedling; Thinning is for the second time selected and remain strong sprout during 2～3 true leaves; Final singling during 3～4 true leaves, 1 strain is stayed in every cave;
B, intertill and clean tillage and ridging: come up or field planting after, should intertill continuously 2 times, promote slow seedling; First the flowers are in blossom strengthens intertillage before putting, so that the appropriateness restraining the growth of seedlings, in order to root system development; After yielding positive results, plant strain growth is accelerated, and waters at every turn and all should intertill after topdressing, and cultivation and banking before the envelope ridge prevents that plant from lodging;
C, water: artificial sooner or later sprinkling irrigation when broadcasting in back 20 days lack of water; Can spray or furrow irrigation by machinery after 20 days; Season hot summer, should be in the morning before 9, afternoon, post sunset watered; Pay attention to draining rainy season, prevent dead seedling;
D, fertilising: be neat seed manure for the first time, after emerging, carry out, execute 5～8 kilograms in urea for every mu; For carrying seed manure, final singling or field planting post-trenching are removed and are executed, and execute 15～20 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers for every mu for the second time; The phase heavy dressing disposable fertilizer of yielding positive results, rare fertile 2000～3000 kilograms of human excrement, or 20～30 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers;
(6) fruit harvesting:
Okra needs 60 days from being seeded into first piece of tender fruit formation, and reach 60～70 days later whole picking time, and can reach 120 days the time of infertility; Okra fresh fruit standard of plucking is long 8～10 centimetres with fruit, fruit appearance emerald green, and seed is unaged in the fruit is degree; After gathering for the first time, the initial stage received once every 2～4 days, raise with temperature, gathered and shortened at interval.In the full bearing period in August, gather once everyday or every other day; After September, gathered once in 3～4 days.
2. the method for planting between margosa according to claim 1 and okra is characterized in that in the step (2), the soak time of seed is 12～24 hours.
3. the method for planting between margosa according to claim 1 and okra is characterized in that in the step (3), furrow are wide 200 centimetres.
4. the method for planting between margosa according to claim 1 and okra is characterized in that in the step (4), 65 centimetres of line-spacings, and the cave is apart from 40 centimetres.
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| CN111919649A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-11-13 | 蒙城县林达农业有限公司 | Method for transplanting chinaberry seedlings |
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