CN101878714A - Vegetable planting method - Google Patents
Vegetable planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101878714A CN101878714A CN2010102105955A CN201010210595A CN101878714A CN 101878714 A CN101878714 A CN 101878714A CN 2010102105955 A CN2010102105955 A CN 2010102105955A CN 201010210595 A CN201010210595 A CN 201010210595A CN 101878714 A CN101878714 A CN 101878714A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vegetable planting method. The method comprises a seed treating step, a seedbed seedling raising step, a fertilizer applying and uniform plowing step, a ridging and ditch feeding step, a bare root planting step, a black plastic film covering step and a field management step, wherein the seed treating step comprises the following specific steps of: irradiating seeds with ultraviolet rays for 10 to 45 minutes to sterilize the seeds; soaking the sterilized seeds in solution of potassium permanganate in a ratio of potassium permanganate to water of 1:500 for 10 minutes; cleaning the soaked seeds with water; and soaking the cleaned seeds in 10 percent solution of trisodium phosphate for 5 to 10 minutes for disinfecting; and mixing the soaked seeds by using lactobacillus. No chemical fertilizer or pesticide is used in a planting process, so that the produced vegetables are not polluted. Actinomycetes and the lactobacillus are used in the seedbed seedling raising step, the fertilizer applying and uniform plowing step and the field management step, so that vegetable root rotting can be prevented and the infestation of plant diseases and insect pests to root systems is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables, belong to agricultural technology field.
Background technology
At present, in agricultural planting crops process, because a large amount of uses of chemicals such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and growth regulator cause the soil salinization on the one hand, harden, soil fertility serious degradation, output reduction; The pesticide resistance of sick worm is more and more stronger on the other hand, heavy damage the ecological balance, severe contamination environment, chemical residues and pollution problem especially highlight, destroy biological chain,, personal safety caused have a strong impact on simultaneously along with the migration and the enrichment of noxious material in food of pollutant.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is at above deficiency, proposes the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables, adopts this method planting vegetable, output height, pollution-free.
For solving above technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprise seed treatment step, seedbed grow seedlings step, uniform tillage fertilization step, ridging irrigation ditch step, crab rooting plantation step, cover unregistered land film step and field management step, wherein
Described seed treatment step is: seed was sterilized with ultraviolet irradiation 10-45 minute, use 500 times of solution soaking 10-20 of potassium permanganate minutes then, water cleans, and soaks with 10% trisodium phosphate solution to carry out disinfection in 5-10 minute again, dresses seed with Bacillus acidi lactici more at last.
As further improvement in the technical proposal:
The described seedbed step of growing seedlings comprises:
Select for use vermiculite, perlite or import special use to grow seedlings the liver moss charcoal as seedling medium, steam 20-45 minute more than 80 ℃ in temperature, in per 150 liters of seedling mediums, add 2 jin of 50 milliliters of Bacillus acidi lacticis, 5 jin in actinomycetes and bone meal, pack into behind the mixing cave dish, sowing then;
Seedling carries out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent after being unearthed, and carries out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes;
With formaldehyde 5-8ml/ cubic meter, the stifling seedling rearing room of potassium permanganate 5 gram/cubic meters, time is 20-28 hour, seedling is moved into seedling rearing room, 500 times seedling rearing room is sprayed with potassium permanganate then comprehensively, Encarsia formosa, Chrysopa, ladybug, food aphid cecidomyiia and aphid cocoon honeybee are put into seedling rearing room;
Treat about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling, 3-4 leaf, but just field planting.
Grow seedlings in the step in described seedbed:
Select for use vermiculite, perlite or import special use to grow seedlings the liver moss charcoal as seedling medium, steam 20-45 minute more than 80 ℃ in temperature, in per 150 liters of seedling mediums, add 2 jin of 50 milliliters of Bacillus acidi lacticis, 5 jin in actinomycetes and bone meal, pack into behind the mixing cave dish, sowing then;
After seedling is unearthed, carry out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent earlier, carry out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes again;
With formaldehyde 5-8ml/ cubic meter, the stifling seedling rearing room of potassium permanganate 5 gram/cubic meters, time is 20-28 hour, seedling is moved into seedling rearing room, 500 times seedling rearing room is sprayed with potassium permanganate then comprehensively, Encarsia formosa, Chrysopa, ladybug, food aphid cecidomyiia and aphid cocoon honeybee are put into seedling rearing room;
Seedling carries out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent after being unearthed, and carries out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes, and grafting is to stock then;
Treat about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling, 3-4 leaf, but just field planting.
Described uniform tillage fertilization step comprises:
The preparation organic manure, according to weight ratio 1: 0.1: 15: 10 got the stalk after cake fertilizer, bone meal, the pulverizing and the muck that do not pollute, mix and obtain compound, according to adding 600 milliliters of 1 jin in actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis in per 500 jin of compounds, add water behind the mixing and squirt sealing, keep water content about 80%, fully ferment;
Organic manure after the fermentation is manured into soil according to 500 jin/mu, spreads and evenly pour water after even, keep ground moistening, continuously fermented 15 days.
Described ridging irrigation ditch step is: the soil ridging after will applying fertilizer, and the high 10-15 in ridge centimetre, the ridging irrigation ditch also flattens the ridge back of the body, in ridge back field planting;
Described crab rooting plantation step is: the seedling medium after the field planting exposes ridge face 1/3rd privately, and the seedling medium of spreading and sinking in waters;
Described covering unregistered land film step is: after the crab rooting plantation, it is good to use the unregistered land film that bedding is carried on the back on the ridge, and waters.
Described field management step comprises topdress step and pollination step:
The step of topdressing comprises: the preparation fertilizer, comprise bone meal after cake fertilizer after the pulverizing, muck, the pulverizing and sesame paste 300 milliliters of totally three hundred jin and 6 jin in brown sugar, 3 jin of glucose, 2 jin in actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis, the weight ratio of cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste is 1: 1-2: 0.1-0.2: 1-2.
Described Bacillus acidi lactici added in the container that fills 1 cube of water stir evenly, add cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste again, the brown sugar that adds glucose again and dissolve, stir evenly the back and add actinomycetes, stir evenly, then with seal of vessel, the fertilizer that ferments pours the soil in field planting district with water again.
Described pollination step is: around the field planting district fly net is set, bumblebee is put into fly net, carry out the bumblebee pollination.
Compare with the prior art scheme, this practicality invention has the following advantages: do not use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals in the planting process, therefore the vegetables that produce do not pollute, in growing seedlings step, uniform tillage fertilization step and field management step, the seedbed uses actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lactici, can prevent that vegetables from rotting root, reduce damage by disease and insect infecting root system.
Seedling medium after the field planting exposes ridge face 1/3rd privately, is exposed to airborne part root, turns green through shining upon the back, further stimulates root development, and root is more flourishing, and crop growing state is vigorous, and resistance against diseases is strong.
Cover and use the unregistered land film that bedding is carried on the back on the ridge in the film step of unregistered land, black mulch film has the extinction heat-absorbing action, and can keep ground temperature winter.After covering the unregistered land film summer, because it has heat-absorbing action, cause mulch film skin temperature height, the seedling of burning easily so must water at once, makes unregistered land film lower surface form a layer of water drops rapidly, thereby reduces ground temperature, accomplishes cool in summer and warm in winter.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment:
Embodiment, the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables, comprise seed treatment step, seedbed grow seedlings step, uniform tillage fertilization step, ridging irrigation ditch step, crab rooting plantation step, cover unregistered land film step and field management step.
The seed treatment step is: seed was sterilized with ultraviolet irradiation 10-45 minute, use 500 times of solution soaking of potassium permanganate 10 minutes then, water cleans, and soaks with 10% trisodium phosphate solution to carry out disinfection in 5-10 minute again, dresses seed with Bacillus acidi lactici more at last.
The seedbed step of growing seedlings is:
Select for use vermiculite, perlite or import special use to grow seedlings the liver moss charcoal as seedling medium, steam 20-45 minute more than 80 ℃ in temperature, in per 150 liters of seedling mediums, add 2 jin of 50 milliliters of Bacillus acidi lacticis, 5 jin in actinomycetes and bone meal, pack into behind the mixing cave dish, sowing then;
Seedling carries out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent after being unearthed, and carries out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes;
With formaldehyde 5-8ml/ cubic meter, the stifling seedling rearing room of potassium permanganate 5 gram/cubic meters, time is 20-28 hour, leaked informaton then 24 hours, seedling is moved into seedling rearing room, seedling rearing room carries out lucifuge with sunshade net, sun-proof cloth to be handled, 500 times seedling rearing room is sprayed with potassium permanganate then comprehensively, Encarsia formosa, Chrysopa, ladybug, food aphid cecidomyiia and aphid cocoon honeybee are put into seedling rearing room;
Treat about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling, during the 3-4 leaf, just can be used to field planting.
The uniform tillage fertilization step is:
When growing seedlings, prepare organic manure, according to weight ratio 1: 0.1: 15: 10 got the stalk after cake fertilizer, bone meal, the pulverizing and the muck that do not pollute, mix and obtain compound, add 600 milliliters of 1 jin in actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis in per 500 jin of compounds, add water behind the mixing and squirt sealing, keep water content about 80%, add water once every day according to humidity, hear old face flavor aroma is arranged or cook steamed bun about 15 days and get final product, reach every gram with microscopic examination and contain the success of promptly fermenting of 2,000 ten thousand above microorganisms; Organic manure after the fermentation is manured into soil according to 500 jin/mu, spreads and evenly pour water after even, be beneficial to the growth of microorganism breeding, carry out the soil fermentation, keep ground moistening, but just ridging field planting after continuously fermenting 15 days.
Ridging irrigation ditch step is: the soil ridging after will applying fertilizer, and the high 10-15 in ridge centimetre, irrigation ditch and flatten the ridge back of the body behind the ridging is in ridge back field planting;
Crab rooting plantation step is: field planting is appropriate to the occasion shallow unsuitable dark, and the seedling medium after the field planting exposes ridge face 1/3rd privately, and the seedling medium of spreading and sinking in that waters connects and waters twice; Like this, root breath is vigorous, and it is dried a few days ago will to note not falling, and growing way stalwartness behind the Sheng Xingen is opened soon, and a part of root is exposed in the air, turns green through shining upon the back, further stimulates root development, and root is more flourishing, and crop growing state is vigorous, and resistance against diseases is strong.
Covering unregistered land film step is: after the crab rooting plantation, it is good to use the unregistered land film that bedding is carried on the back on the ridge, and waters.White mulch film is all used in the ordinary circumstance plastic mulching.But intractable is fallen after white living the easily weeds of mulch film, sward, grass how just easier to be infested, and cover the unregistered land film under unglazed condition, should not living weeds, black mulch film has the extinction heat-absorbing action, can keep ground temperature winter.After covering the unregistered land film summer, because it has heat-absorbing action, cause mulch film skin temperature height, the seedling of burning easily so must water at once, makes unregistered land film lower surface form a layer of water drops rapidly, thereby reduces ground temperature, accomplishes cool in summer and warm in winter.White mulch film light can see through about 60%, makes summer ground temperature higher, and blade closing in winter, light is not easy to shine the face of land, and ground temperature is not so good as to cover the ground temperature height of black film on the contrary, because black film has very strong heat absorption function in the space of closing.
The field management step comprises topdress step and pollination step:
The step of topdressing is: prepare fertilizer earlier, get bone meal after cake fertilizer after the pulverizing, muck, the pulverizing and sesame paste 300 milliliters of totally three hundred jin and 6 jin in brown sugar, 3 jin of glucose, 2 jin in solid actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis, the weight ratio of cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste is 1: 2: 0.2: 2;
Above Bacillus acidi lactici added in the container that fills 1 cube of water stir evenly, add cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste again, the brown sugar that adds glucose again and dissolve, stir evenly the back and add actinomycetes, stir evenly again, then with seal of vessel, stir once two days later, be full of bubble after 4-5 days, aroma or fermentation flavor are arranged, the automatic mixing of water and organic matter, do not have raw material below, beneath organic matter all floats up, and is and ferments successfully, have 2,000 ten thousand above microorganisms to get final product with the every gram liquid of microscopic examination, long more its effect of fermentation time is good more.If any water and organic matter segregation phenomenon, the smelly phenomenon of turning black is unsuccessful, and the fertilizer that ferments pours the soil in field planting district with water, keeps soil moisture 80%.
The pollination step is: around the field planting district fly net is set, bumblebee is put into fly net, carry out the bumblebee pollination.Traditional farming is stained with flower with hormone mostly, though can improve output, easily causes hormone pollution and crop to lose the ecological balance, a lot of problems can occur, the lost labor increases cost, form a lot of malformed fruits, also can make crop hormone poisoning, early ageing, side effects such as quality reduction, and the bumblebee pollination addresses these problems fully, effect is also very good in the severe winter greenhouse, be not subjected to the influence in season, benefit be the fruit type just, the saving of labor, quality height, mouthfeel wait a lot of advantages well.
When plantation cucumber, watermelon and muskmelon etc. need the melon and fruit of grafting usually, grow seedlings in the step in the seedbed, after seedling is unearthed, carry out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent, and carry out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes, grafting is treated about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling to stock then, the 3-4 leaf carries out field planting again.
The weight ratio of cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste can also be for being 1: 1: 0.1 in the step of topdressing: 1.
More than antitoxin volume increase agent can use " green true qualities " or " day reach 2116 " or the antitoxin volume increase agent of Zhejiang farming.
The present invention is planted method for planting be applied to vegetables and carry out planting experiment, this test is carried out at rice field town, Shouguang City, Shandong Province Jiang Ying village growing area, growing vegetables managerial skills unanimity.
1, trial crops:, vegetables are divided into 13 classes such as root vegetables, vegetables with green leaves class, cabbage, wild cabbage class, mustard, potato class, solanberry class, green onion garlic class, melon, beans, aquatic vegetables, permanent vegetable and edible mushroom according to the agrobiology classification.
One or both crops in picked at random green vegetable, cole vegetables, tuber and tuberous rooted vegetables, solanaceous vegetables, allium vegetables gourd vegetables and the leguminous vegetables are tested.
2, experimental group and control group are established in test, and experimental group adopts of the present invention kind of method for planting, and control group adopts present general planting method.
8 sub-districts of every kind of growing vegetables, wherein the method for planting plantation is planted with the present invention in 4 sub-districts, and plant with the general planting method other 4 sub-districts, and each sub-district area is respectively 50m
2, the sub-district randomized arrangement, ripe under identical environmental condition, put down in writing each sub-district cost, output and and disease-resistant, medicament residue situation, get the mean value of four tests, the result of experimental group and control group is compared.
(1) plantation gourd vegetables, kind is east, a Tianjin cucumber, 350 of each sub-district plantations, the cucumber of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, and cucumber exists root knot nematode disease, fusarium wilt, acariasis, anthracnose and powdery mildew usually, occurs after the above illness, the symptom performance of cucumber: blade yellow, growing way is seriously weak, and yield and quality reduces, easily early ageing.The cucumber of control group is many with happy lot, the red root knot nematode disease of administering of gram line, administers fusarium wilt with grafting, with the beautiful anthracnose of administering of anthrax good fortune, administers powdery mildew with second miaow phenol; With chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The present invention plants contrast such as the following table of method for planting and general planting method plantation cucumber:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation cucumber, and cost has on average reduced by 8%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 894 yuan; Output has on average improved 18.2%, adds up to 9338 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(2) plantation solanaceous vegetables, kind is the Bu Lita eggplant, 157 of each sub-district plantations, the eggplant of control group compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind, eggplant exists root knot nematode disease, fusarium wilt, acariasis, gray mold and powdery mildew usually, occur after the above illness, the symptom performance of eggplant: occur after the above illness, the symptom performance of eggplant: blade yellow, a little less than the growing way, yield poorly, administer root knot nematode disease and administer fusarium wilt with the Solanum Torvum grafting usually, with the beautiful anthracnose of administering of anthrax good fortune, administer powdery mildew with triadimefon; With chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The present invention plants the contrast such as the following table of method for planting and general planting method plantation eggplant:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation eggplant, and cost has on average reduced by 7.1%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 667 yuan; Output has on average improved 23.1%, adds up to 6311 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(3) spinach in the plantation green vegetable, each sub-district is planted one jin of spinach seed respectively, the spinach of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, spinach exists thrips and acarid, downy mildew, spot disease and trialeurodes vaporariorum usually, occur after the above illness, the symptom performance of spinach: the blade yellow, a little less than the shrinkage growing way, yield and quality reduces.The spinach of control group is controlled the thrips acarid with Avermectin, controls trialeurodes vaporariorum with Imidacloprid, with Ke Jiazhi downy mildew and spot disease, with chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The spinach that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation spinach, and cost has on average reduced by 33.3%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 402 yuan; Output has on average improved 26.3%, adds up to 335 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(4) plantation leguminous vegetables, 277 of each sub-district plantation cowpeas, the cowpea of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, cowpea exists root knot nematode disease, thrips and gray mold usually, the symptom of cowpea performance: blade yellow occurs after the above illness, the shrinkage growing way is seriously weak, yield and quality reduces, easily early ageing, and it is deficient to bear pods.The cowpea of control group is many with happy lot, the red root knot nematode disease of administering of gram line, and Avermectin is controlled thrips, administers gray mold with Shi Jiale, iprodione; With chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The cowpea that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation cowpea, and cost is basic identical; Output has on average improved 32.9%, adds up to 1983 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(5) plantation leguminous vegetables, 157 of green wind Kidney beans are planted in each sub-district, the Kidney bean of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, Kidney bean exists root knot nematode disease, thrips and gray mold usually, the symptom of Kidney bean performance: blade yellow occurs after the above illness, the shrinkage growing way is seriously weak, yield and quality reduces, easily early ageing, and it is deficient to bear pods.The Kidney bean of control group is many with happy lot, the red root knot nematode disease of administering of gram line, and Avermectin is controlled thrips, administers gray mold with Shi Jiale, iprodione; With chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The Kidney bean that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation Kidney bean, and cost has on average reduced by 10%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 335 yuan; Output has on average improved 50%, adds up to 3350 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(6) plantation tomato class vegetables, 135 of each sub-district plantation tomato 5816 kinds, the tomato of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, and tomato exists root knot nematode disease, leaf mold and gray mold usually.Occur after the above illness, the performance of the symptom of tomato: blade yellow, growing way are seriously weak, and the rotten fruit of muscle is many, and yield and quality reduces, easily early ageing.Decayed fruit is many, and what gray mold was serious can have no harvest.The tomato of control group is many with happy lot, the red root knot nematode disease of administering of gram line, with iprodione, Shi Jialezhi gray mold disease; Control leaf mold with the Du Pont Fuqing, with chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The tomato that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation tomato, and cost has on average reduced by 2.3%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 214.4 yuan; Output has on average improved 37.5%, adds up to 4522.5 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(7) plantation gourd vegetables, kind is the new watermelon in capital, 50 of each sub-district plantations, and the watermelon of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, watermelon exists root knot nematode disease, fusarium wilt usually,, anthracnose and powdery mildew, aphid occurs after the above illness, the symptom performance of watermelon: blade yellow, growing way is seriously weak, and yield and quality reduces, easily early ageing.The watermelon of control group is many with happy lot, the red root knot nematode disease of administering of gram line, administers fusarium wilt with grafting, with the beautiful anthracnose of administering of anthrax good fortune, administers powdery mildew with second miaow phenol, kills aphid with Imidacloprid, with chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The present invention plants the contrast such as the following table of method for planting and general planting method plantation watermelon:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation watermelon, and cost has on average reduced by 8.0%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 897.8 yuan; First batch of output has on average improved 10%, adds up to 670 jin of every mu of average volume increase, and the present invention plants the watermelon of method for planting plantation can sit three batches of watermelons; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(8) plantation green vegetable, one jin of each sub-district plantation Semen Coriandri, the caraway of control group uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, and caraway exists thrips acarid, liriomyza bryoniae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, damping off and bacteriosis usually.The symptom of caraway performance occurs after the above illness: the blade yellow, a little less than the shrinkage growing way, yield and quality reduces.The caraway of control group is controlled the thrips acarid with Avermectin, and Imidacloprid is controlled liriomyza bryoniae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, and seedling bacterium enemy controls damping off, and agricultural streptomycin is controlled bacteriosis.With chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The caraway that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation caraway, and cost has on average reduced by 32.1%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 603 yuan; Output has on average improved 42.9%, adds up to 603 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(9) plantation tuber and tuberous rooted vegetables, No. 15 potatos of kind Holland, 300 of each sub-district plantations, conventional method compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind, potato exists root knot nematode disease, grub, mole cricket and shot hole usually, occur after the above illness, the symptom performance of potato: a little less than the growing way, yield poorly, particularly commodity rate is low, serious do not have a benefit at all, the red root knot nematode disease for the treatment of of, gram line many with happy lot, and grub, mole cricket and shot hole do not have very desirable way.Chromatograph instrument detection of drugs is residual.
The potato that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation potato, and cost has on average reduced by 6.7%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 107 yuan; Output has on average improved 2.1%, adds up to 107 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Cost and change of production are little, and the present invention plants method for planting to root knot nematode disease, and be respond well to shot hole especially, do not find diseased plant.
(10) plantation cole vegetables, kind is the snow mountain cauliflower, 210 of each sub-district plantations, the control group cauliflower uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, and cauliflower exists bacterial slimy soft rot, cabbage caterpillar and trialeurodes vaporariorum usually.The symptom of cauliflower performance appears after the above illness: the blade yellow, fickle in lovely rot, color is gloomy, yield and quality reduces, serious can not have commodity value.The cauliflower of control group is prevented and treated bacterial slimy soft rot with streptomycin, kills cabbage caterpillar with chlopyrifos, first dimension salt, kills trialeurodes vaporariorum with Imidacloprid, with chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The cauliflower that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation cauliflower, and cost is basic identical; Output has on average improved 8.4%, adds up to 348 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(11) plantation allium vegetables, kind is the Zhangqiu shallot, 1600 of each sub-district plantations, conventional method exists pratylenchus disease, onion maggot, thrips, cabbage caterpillar and big purple blotch of onion usually with compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind, shallot, occur after the above illness, the symptom performance of shallot: a little less than the growing way, yield poorly, particularly commodity rate is low, blade is withered, rots.The shallot of control group is controlled pratylenchus and onion maggot with gram line pellet, first dimension salt, controls thrips acarid, cabbage caterpillar with Avermectin, and the tpn iprodione is controlled purple spot, and chromatograph instrument detection of drugs is residual.
The shallot that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation shallot, and cost is basic identical; Output has on average improved 24.8%, adds up to 1997 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
(12) plantation cole vegetables, 262 of each sub-district plantation wild cabbages, the control group wild cabbage uses compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, nitrogen phosphorus potassium Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and humic-acid kind chemical fertilizer to apply fertilizer, and wild cabbage exists bacterial slimy soft rot, cabbage caterpillar and trialeurodes vaporariorum usually.The performance of the symptom of wild cabbage occurs after the above illness: blade yellow, cabbage heart rot, color is gloomy, and yield and quality reduces, and serious can not have commodity value.The wild cabbage of control group is prevented and treated bacterial slimy soft rot with streptomycin, kills cabbage caterpillar with chlopyrifos, first dimension salt, kills trialeurodes vaporariorum with Imidacloprid, with chromatograph detection of drugs residual condition.
The wild cabbage that the present invention plants method for planting and the plantation of general planting method contrasts as following table:
From above data as can be seen, the present invention plants method for planting and compares with general planting method plantation wild cabbage, and cost has on average reduced by 25%, adds up to every mu on average to reduce cost 67 yuan; Output has on average improved 12.5%, adds up to 1340 jin of every mu of average volume increase; Resistance against diseases is strong, does not have medicament residue.
Claims (9)
1. the kind method for planting of vegetables is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting comprise seed treatment step, seedbed grow seedlings step, uniform tillage fertilization step, ridging irrigation ditch step, crab rooting plantation step, cover unregistered land film step and field management step, wherein,
Described seed treatment step is: seed was sterilized with ultraviolet irradiation 10-45 minute, use 500 times of solution soaking 10-20 of potassium permanganate minutes then, water cleans, and soaks with 10% trisodium phosphate solution to carry out disinfection in 5-10 minute again, dresses seed with Bacillus acidi lactici more at last.
2. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described seedbed step of growing seedlings comprises:
Select for use vermiculite, perlite or import special use to grow seedlings the liver moss charcoal as seedling medium, steam 20-45 minute more than 80 ℃ in temperature, in per 150 liters of seedling mediums, add 2 jin of 50 milliliters of Bacillus acidi lacticis, 5 jin in actinomycetes and bone meal, pack into behind the mixing cave dish, sowing then;
Seedling carries out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent after being unearthed, and carries out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes;
With formaldehyde 5-8ml/ cubic meter, the stifling seedling rearing room of potassium permanganate 5 gram/cubic meters, time is 20-28 hour, seedling is moved into seedling rearing room, 500 times seedling rearing room is sprayed with potassium permanganate then comprehensively, Encarsia formosa, Chrysopa, ladybug, food aphid cecidomyiia and aphid cocoon honeybee are put into seedling rearing room;
Treat about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling, 3-4 leaf, but just field planting.
3. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: grow seedlings in the step in described seedbed:
Select for use vermiculite, perlite or import special use to grow seedlings the liver moss charcoal as seedling medium, steam 20-45 minute more than 80 ℃ in temperature, in per 150 liters of seedling mediums, add 2 jin of 50 milliliters of Bacillus acidi lacticis, 5 jin in actinomycetes and bone meal, pack into behind the mixing cave dish, sowing then;
After seedling is unearthed, carry out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent earlier, carry out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes again;
With formaldehyde 5-8ml/ cubic meter, the stifling seedling rearing room of potassium permanganate 5 gram/cubic meters, time is 20-28 hour, seedling is moved into seedling rearing room, 500 times seedling rearing room is sprayed with potassium permanganate then comprehensively, Encarsia formosa, Chrysopa, ladybug, food aphid cecidomyiia and aphid cocoon honeybee are put into seedling rearing room;
Seedling carries out foliage spray with antitoxin volume increase agent after being unearthed, and carries out foliage spray and irritate root with Bacillus acidi lactici, actinomycetes, and grafting is to stock then;
Treat about 10 centimetres of heights of seedling, 3-4 leaf, but just field planting.
4. as the kind method for planting of claim 2 or 3 described a kind of vegetables, it is characterized in that: described uniform tillage fertilization step comprises:
The preparation organic manure, according to weight ratio 1: 0.1: 15: 10 got the stalk after cake fertilizer, bone meal, the pulverizing and the muck that do not pollute, mix and obtain compound, add 600 milliliters of 1 jin in actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis in per 500 jin of compounds, add water behind the mixing and squirt sealing, keep water content about 80%, fully ferment;
Organic manure after the fermentation is manured into soil according to 500 jin/mu, spreads and evenly pour water after even, keep ground moistening, continuously fermented 15 days.
5. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described ridging irrigation ditch step is: the soil ridging after will applying fertilizer, the high 10-15 in ridge centimetre, the ridging irrigation ditch also flattens the ridge back of the body, in ridge back field planting.
6. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described crab rooting plantation step is: the seedling medium after the field planting exposes ridge face 1/3rd privately, and the seedling medium of spreading and sinking in waters.
7. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described covering unregistered land film step is: after the crab rooting plantation, it is good to use the unregistered land film that bedding is carried on the back on the ridge, and waters.
8. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: described field management step comprises topdress step and pollination step:
The step of topdressing comprises: the preparation fertilizer, comprise bone meal after cake fertilizer after the pulverizing, muck, the pulverizing and sesame paste 300 milliliters of totally three hundred jin and 6 jin in brown sugar, 3 jin of glucose, 2 jin in actinomycetes and Bacillus acidi lacticis, the weight ratio of cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste is 1: 1-2: 0.1-0.2: 1-2.
Described Bacillus acidi lactici added in the container that fills 1 cube of water stir evenly, add cake fertilizer, muck, bone meal and sesame paste again, the brown sugar that adds glucose again and dissolve, stir evenly the back and add actinomycetes, stir evenly, then with seal of vessel, the fertilizer that ferments pours the soil in field planting district with water again.
9. the kind method for planting of a kind of vegetables as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: described pollination step is: around the field planting district fly net is set, bumblebee is put into fly net, carry out the bumblebee pollination.
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