CN104782365B - A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation - Google Patents
A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104782365B CN104782365B CN201510170149.9A CN201510170149A CN104782365B CN 104782365 B CN104782365 B CN 104782365B CN 201510170149 A CN201510170149 A CN 201510170149A CN 104782365 B CN104782365 B CN 104782365B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation, including：Soil is selected and handled, and the soil of legume vegetable is not planted in selection in two years, and sowing is ploughed deeply soil drying for first 15 25 days, sterilized with potassium permanganate；Seed selection and processing, seed is soaked with warm water, is put into 400 times of liquors of potassium permanganate plus new high fat film and is soaked, microwave；Bowl seeding, the seed before sowing after 24 microwave treatments are sowed during bowl first applies decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, each bowl；Pot seedling is colonized, and is colonized and is used sufficient decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer in first 37 days, and the 20ml of JT composite bacteria liquids 5 is applied in every cave, and single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, the 5cm of bowl 2 thickness is covered with decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film；Rationally spray rich water.The pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of the cowpea plantation of the present invention, based on cultural control, biological control and physical control, safety non-pollution, environmental protection.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to growing vegetables technical field, and in particular to a kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation.
Background technology
Cowpea belongs to pulse family annual crop, and traditional implantation methods incidence of insect disease is high, and common Major Diseases have
Root knot nematode disease, powdery mildew, mosaic virus and bacterial epidemic disease etc., Major Pests have bean-pod borer, thrips, Americal rice leaf miner and
Trialeurodes vaporariorum etc., in order to suppress cowpea pest and disease damage, vegetable grower often selects to spray acephatemet, parathion, carbendazim, thiophanate methyl
The various insect control pesticides such as wettable powder are to solve the cowpea underproduction caused by pest and disease damage.But spraying pesticide is inevitably residual
It is left in cowpea, so as to reduce its edible safety.
With the raising of social life level, people progressively establish the consciousness of " safety and environmental friendliness ", in order that using agriculture
The development of industry new situations, non-harmful fruits and vegetables production technology is imperative, and cultural control and physical control are still the harmful life of cowpea
The optimal path of thing prevention and control.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that the cowpea kind based on a kind of use cultural control of offer, biological control and physical control
The pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of plant, was planted from the method control cowpea such as soil, seedling, fertility, interplanting and physics trapping
Pest and disease damage problem in journey, so as to produce the health-oriented products of safety non-pollution.
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided is：
A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation, comprises the following steps：
A, soil selection and processing, selection physical features is high and dry, draining is good, do not plant the soil of legume vegetable in two years, clearly
Dilapdated and ruined fallen leaves, weeds on reason soil, plough deeply soil 30-40cm for 15-25 days before sowing and are dried, every mu is used potassium permanganate
3-4kg carries out soil disinfection；
B, seed selection and processing, the strong seed of selection disease resistance, first with 25-30 DEG C of warm water immersion 2-3h, are put into 50-60 DEG C
10% potassium permanganate add in 400 times of liquors of new high fat film and soak 10-18min, at ambient pressure using microwave treatment, Microwave Frequency
Rate is 2450MHz, and microwave dose is 0.5-3.0w/g, handles 30-300s；
C, bowl seeding, first apply in bowl bottom before sowing and 2-4 are sowed in decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, each bowl
Cowpea seed after microwave treatment, the wherein levelling bowl of Zai Shi decomposed organic matters composite fertilizer, bowl are made using degradation material；
D, pot seedling field planting, cowpea field planting line-spacing are 50-65cm, and spacing in the rows is 20-30cm, hill spacing 20-24cm, 3-7 before field planting
It uses sufficient decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, and JT composite bacteria liquid 5-20ml are applied in every cave, and single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, used
Decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer covering bowl 2-5cm is thick, and cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film；
E, rationally spray rich water, cowpea seedling growth early stage keeps ground moistening, breeding time is using the dry wet irrigation side of dry and wet
Method, has first stayed three ditch positions, the control of cowpea seedling stage soil moisture content is in 50%-60%, plant strain growth middle and later periods, growth before field planting
Gesture weakens, and waters topdress in time, apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer 3-5 times, every minor tick 10-15 days, prevents the de- fertilizer of water deficit in a plant,
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 times for spraying 0.25%-0.5% was applied on blade face, per minor tick 7-15 days, subsequent foliage-spray new high fat film
800 times of liquid.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of described cowpea plantation, the bowl is followed successively by the from outside to inside
One slow release layer, medicament layer and the second slow release layer, first slow release layer and the second slow release layer are made using full-starch plastic, institute
State medicament layer using natural biological preparation make, wherein natural biological preparation include pyrethrin, Dipel, muscardine,
One or more of mixtures in green muscardine fungus, AVM, Predatory Mites, nicotine, matrine, Ningnanmycin.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of described cowpea plantation, the decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer includes
Raw material it is as follows：Fluff packing becomes thoroughly decomposed fertile 50-80 parts, 20-30 parts of mashed garlic, 10-18 parts of China tree powder, 5-10 parts of tea bran powder, sulphur
1000-2000 parts of sour potassium 10-15 parts, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 5-12 parts of vermiculite and water；Wherein fluff packing becomes thoroughly decomposed fertilizer in microwave
Frequency is 2450MHz, and microwave dose is to be compounded again with other raw materials after microwave sterilization under conditions of 0.5-3.0w/g.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of described cowpea plantation, the microwave is pulse microwave, microwave arteries and veins
A width of 100-300ms, the intermittent time is 200-400ms.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of described cowpea plantation, the pest and disease damage green of the cowpea plantation
Preventing control method also includes intercropping vanilla, and the vanilla is Lemon Basil, is colonized between two row cowpeas, is away from cowpea line-spacing
20-30cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
Preferably, the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of described cowpea plantation, the pest and disease damage green of the cowpea plantation
Preventing control method also includes insect and trapped and killed, at the beginning of 5 bottoms month to 10 months, every mu of suspension Huang plate 15-20 piece trappings alatae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, spot
The adult of the insects such as latent fly, the adult of the insect such as every mu of suspension backboard 10-15 piece thrips, frequency ventilating type insecticidal is hung per 10-20 mu
1 trapping adult such as Lepidoptera and coleoptera of lamp, suspension height is away from ground 1.5m.
The present invention cowpea plantation pest and disease damage green prevention and control method, using cultural control, biological control and physical control as
Main, safety non-pollution, environmental protection have the advantage that as follows：
(1) before pot seedling field planting, JT composite bacteria liquids are applied in soil cave, the antibacterial protection layer of cowpea seedling root system, isolation soil is formed
Earth itself potentially survives the winter germ so as to protect cowpea seedling root system, the method transplanted using bowl seeding, can improve seedling into
Motility rate, saves seed consumption, environmentally safe using degradation material making bowl, and the natural biological that its medicament layer is used
The pest and disease damage problems, full starch such as preparation energy prevention and control aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, tetranychid, liriomyza bryoniae, noctuid class pest, virosis
Plastics slow release layer can be degraded by microorganisms, and have certain insulation blocking effect to insect and germ；
(2) seed is handled using pulse microwave, sterilization and disinsection is carried out to seed while drying, Interior Seed is solved
Potential pest and disease damage problem, using intermittent type microwave avoid continuous microwave overlong time cause temperature too high and suppress seed live
Property；
(3) fertilizer is become thoroughly decomposed for matrix with fluff packing, coordinates mashed garlic, China tree powder, tea bran powder and vermiculite, add in soil
Nutrient, the gas permeability and water content of soil are improved, while cowpea plant strain growth, volume increase is promoted, also with killing
The effect of bacterium desinsection；Wherein fluff packing becomes thoroughly decomposed fertilizer by microwave sterilization processing, it is to avoid sick filament or mycelia are attached to the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed
In bring into germ cause cowpea occur powdery mildew and gray mold etc. occur；
(4) to seed, seedling and foliage-spray new high fat film dilution, infection process plant is prevented and treated, emergence rate is improved,
Promote cowpea seedling to grow up strong and sturdy, improve the resistivity to disease；
(5) using interplanting vanilla, the insects such as beetle is driven by its special odor discharged, can effectively prevent Cowpea Mosaic
The diseases such as virosis；
(6) using become color and the light habit that becomes of insect, done harm to using the yellow plate of suspension, backboard and the trapping of high frequency type trapping lamp
Worm, alleviates harm of the insects such as wing aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniae, thrips, Lepidoptera and coleoptera to cowpea plant.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, to make those skilled in the art's reference say
Bright book word can be implemented according to this.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method for cowpea plantation that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
A, soil selection and processing, selection physical features is high and dry, draining is good, do not plant the soil of legume vegetable in two years, clearly
Dilapdated and ruined fallen leaves, weeds on reason soil, sowing are ploughed deeply soil 30cm in first 15 days and dried, and every mu is entered with potassium permanganate 3kg
Row soil disinfection；
B, seed selection and processing, the strong seed of selection disease resistance, first with 25 DEG C of warm water immersion 2h, are put into 50 DEG C 10% high
Potassium manganate, which adds in 400 times of liquors of new high fat film, soaks 10min, and carried out disinfection processing, new high fat film with potassium permanganate to seed
400 times of liquid energies prevent and treat infection process seed, improve emergence rate, then at ambient pressure using pulse microwave processing, microwave frequency is
2450MHz, microwave dose is 0.5w/g, handles 30s, wherein microwave pulsewidth is 100ms, and the intermittent time is 200ms, kills seed
In potential germ worm's ovum, continuous microwave overlong time is avoided using intermittent type microwave and causes temperature too high and suppresses seed and live
Property；
C, bowl seeding, first apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer in bowl bottom before sowing, the decomposed organic matter is combined
The raw material that fertilizer includes is as follows：Fluff packing become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 50 parts, 20 parts of mashed garlic, 10 parts of China tree powder, 5 parts of tea bran powder, potassium sulfate 10
Part, 25 parts of plant ash, 5 parts of vermiculite and 1000 parts of water；Fertilizer is become thoroughly decomposed for matrix with fluff packing, coordinates mashed garlic, China tree powder, tea bran
Powder and vermiculite, add the nutrient in soil, improve the gas permeability and water content of soil, are promoting the life of cowpea plant
While length, volume increase, the also effect with sterilization and disinsection；It is 2450MHz, microwave in microwave frequency that wherein fluff packing, which becomes thoroughly decomposed fertile,
Dosage is to be compounded again with other raw materials after microwave sterilization under conditions of 0.5w/g, and the wherein fluff packing fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed passes through microwave
Sterilization treatment, it is to avoid sick filament or mycelia, which are attached in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, brings germ into and cause cowpea to occur the hair such as powdery mildew and gray mold
It is raw；
Cowpea seed in each bowl after 2 microwave treatments of sowing, the levelling bowl of Zai Shi decomposed organic matters composite fertilizer, its
Middle bowl is made using degradation material, and the bowl is followed successively by the first slow release layer, medicament layer and the second slow release layer from outside to inside,
First slow release layer and the second slow release layer are made using full-starch plastic, and the medicament layer uses natural biological preparation system
Make, wherein natural biological preparation includes pyrethrin, Dipel, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, AVM, Predatory Mites, cigarette
One or more of mixtures in alkali, matrine, Ningnanmycin；The method transplanted using bowl seeding, can improve seedling
Survival rate, saves seed consumption, environmentally safe using degradation material making bowl, and the natural life that its medicament layer is used
The pest and disease damage problems such as thing preparation energy prevention and control aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, tetranychid, liriomyza bryoniae, noctuid class pest, virosis are complete to form sediment
Powder plastics slow release layer can be degraded by microorganisms, and have certain insulation blocking effect to insect and germ；
D, pot seedling field planting, cowpea field planting line-spacing are 50cm, and spacing in the rows is 20cm, hill spacing 20cm, and field planting uses sufficient to become thoroughly decomposed for first 3 days to be had
JT composite bacteria liquid 5ml are applied in Ji Zhi composite fertilizers, every cave, the antibacterial protection layer of cowpea seedling root system is formed, isolation soil itself is potential
The germ that survives the winter so as to protecting cowpea seedling root system, single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, with decomposed organic matter, composite fertilizer is covered
Lid bowl 2cm is thick, and cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film, prevents and treats infection process cowpea seedling, promotes cowpea seedling to grow up strong and sturdy；
E, intercropping vanilla, the vanilla are Lemon Basil, are colonized between two row cowpeas, are away from cowpea line-spacing
20cm, spacing in the rows 15cm, the special odor discharged by Lemon Basil drives the insects such as beetle, can effectively prevent cowpea mosaic virus
The diseases such as disease；
F, rationally spray rich water, cowpea seedling growth early stage keeps ground moistening, breeding time is using the dry wet irrigation side of dry and wet
Method, has first stayed three ditch positions before field planting, cowpea seedling stage soil moisture content is controlled 50%, and the plant strain growth middle and later periods, growth potential subtracts
It is weak, water topdress in time, apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer 3 times, every minor tick 10 days prevents the de- fertilizer of water deficit in a plant, spray is applied on blade face
Apply 0.25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times, per minor tick 7 days, subsequent 800 times of liquid of foliage-spray new high fat film prevented and treated infection process
Blade face, improves the resistivity to disease；
At the beginning of G, insect trapping, 5 bottoms month to 10 months, the evil such as the yellow plate of every mu of suspension 15 trapping alatae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniaes
The adult of worm, the adult of every mu of suspension insect such as 10 thrips of backboard, every 10 mu of suspensions frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, 1 trapping Lepidoptera
With the adult such as coleoptera, suspension height is away from ground 1.5m.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method for cowpea plantation that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
A, soil selection and processing, selection physical features is high and dry, draining is good, do not plant the soil of legume vegetable in two years, clearly
Dilapdated and ruined fallen leaves, weeds on reason soil, sowing are ploughed deeply soil 35cm in first 20 days and dried, and every mu is used potassium permanganate 3.5kg
Carry out soil disinfection；
B, seed selection and processing, the strong seed of selection disease resistance, first with 28 DEG C of warm water immersion 2.5h, be put into 55 DEG C 10%
Potassium permanganate, which adds in 400 times of liquors of new high fat film, soaks 14min, and carried out disinfection processing, new peak fat with potassium permanganate to seed
400 times of liquid energy preventing and treating infection process seeds of film, improve emergence rate, then at ambient pressure using pulse microwave processing, microwave frequency is
2450MHz, microwave dose is 1.8w/g, handles 150s, wherein microwave pulsewidth is 200ms, and the intermittent time is 300ms, kills and plants
Potential germ worm's ovum in son, avoids continuous microwave overlong time using intermittent type microwave and causes temperature too high and suppress seed
Activity；
C, bowl seeding, first apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer in bowl bottom before sowing, the decomposed organic matter is combined
The raw material that fertilizer includes is as follows：Fluff packing become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 65 parts, 25 parts of mashed garlic, 14 parts of China tree powder, 8 parts of tea bran powder, potassium sulfate 13
Part, 30 parts of plant ash, 8 parts of vermiculite and 1500 parts of water；Fertilizer is become thoroughly decomposed for matrix with fluff packing, coordinates mashed garlic, China tree powder, tea bran
Powder and vermiculite, add the nutrient in soil, improve the gas permeability and water content of soil, are promoting the life of cowpea plant
While length, volume increase, the also effect with sterilization and disinsection；It is 2450MHz, microwave in microwave frequency that wherein fluff packing, which becomes thoroughly decomposed fertile,
Dosage is to be compounded again with other raw materials after microwave sterilization under conditions of 1.8w/g, and the wherein fluff packing fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed passes through microwave
Sterilization treatment, it is to avoid sick filament or mycelia, which are attached in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, brings germ into and cause cowpea to occur the hair such as powdery mildew and gray mold
It is raw；
Cowpea seed in each bowl after 3 microwave treatments of sowing, the levelling bowl of Zai Shi decomposed organic matters composite fertilizer, its
Middle bowl is made using degradation material, and the bowl is followed successively by the first slow release layer, medicament layer and the second slow release layer from outside to inside,
First slow release layer and the second slow release layer are made using full-starch plastic, and the medicament layer uses natural biological preparation system
Make, wherein natural biological preparation includes pyrethrin, Dipel, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, AVM, Predatory Mites, cigarette
One or more of mixtures in alkali, matrine, Ningnanmycin；The method transplanted using bowl seeding, can improve seedling
Survival rate, saves seed consumption, environmentally safe using degradation material making bowl, and the natural life that its medicament layer is used
The pest and disease damage problems such as thing preparation energy prevention and control aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, tetranychid, liriomyza bryoniae, noctuid class pest, virosis are complete to form sediment
Powder plastics slow release layer can be degraded by microorganisms, and have certain insulation blocking effect to insect and germ；
D, pot seedling field planting, cowpea field planting line-spacing are 58cm, and spacing in the rows is 25cm, hill spacing 22cm, and field planting uses sufficient to become thoroughly decomposed for first 5 days to be had
JT composite bacteria liquid 13ml are applied in Ji Zhi composite fertilizers, every cave, the antibacterial protection layer of cowpea seedling root system is formed, isolation soil itself is potential
The germ that survives the winter so as to protecting cowpea seedling root system, single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, with decomposed organic matter, composite fertilizer is covered
Lid bowl 3.5cm is thick, and cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film, prevents and treats infection process cowpea seedling, promote cowpea seedling healthy and strong into
It is long；
E, intercropping vanilla, the vanilla are Lemon Basil, are colonized between two row cowpeas, are away from cowpea line-spacing
25cm, spacing in the rows 18cm, the special odor discharged by Lemon Basil drives the insects such as beetle, can effectively prevent cowpea mosaic virus
The diseases such as disease；
F, rationally spray rich water, cowpea seedling growth early stage keeps ground moistening, breeding time is using the dry wet irrigation side of dry and wet
Method, has first stayed three ditch positions before field planting, cowpea seedling stage soil moisture content is controlled 55%, and the plant strain growth middle and later periods, growth potential subtracts
It is weak, water topdress in time, apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer 4 times, every minor tick 13 days prevents the de- fertilizer of water deficit in a plant, spray is applied on blade face
Apply 0.35% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times, per minor tick 10 days, subsequent 800 times of liquid of foliage-spray new high fat film prevented and treated infection process
Blade face, improves the resistivity to disease；
At the beginning of G, insect trapping, 5 bottoms month to 10 months, the evil such as the yellow plate of every mu of suspension 18 trapping alatae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniaes
The adult of worm, the adult of every mu of suspension insect such as 13 thrips of backboard, every 15 mu of suspensions frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, 1 trapping Lepidoptera
With the adult such as coleoptera, suspension height is away from ground 1.5m.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method for cowpea plantation that the present invention is provided, comprises the following steps：
A, soil selection and processing, selection physical features is high and dry, draining is good, do not plant the soil of legume vegetable in two years, clearly
Dilapdated and ruined fallen leaves, weeds on reason soil, sowing are ploughed deeply soil 40cm in first 25 days and dried, and every mu is entered with potassium permanganate 4kg
Row soil disinfection；
B, seed selection and processing, the strong seed of selection disease resistance, first with 30 DEG C of warm water immersion 3h, are put into 60 DEG C 10% high
Potassium manganate, which adds in 400 times of liquors of new high fat film, soaks 18min, and carried out disinfection processing, new high fat film with potassium permanganate to seed
400 times of liquid energies prevent and treat infection process seed, improve emergence rate, then at ambient pressure using pulse microwave processing, microwave frequency is
2450MHz, microwave dose is 3.0w/g, handles 300s, wherein microwave pulsewidth is 300ms, and the intermittent time is 400ms, kills and plants
Potential germ worm's ovum in son, avoids continuous microwave overlong time using intermittent type microwave and causes temperature too high and suppress seed
Activity；
C, bowl seeding, first apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer in bowl bottom before sowing, the decomposed organic matter is combined
The raw material that fertilizer includes is as follows：Fluff packing become thoroughly decomposed fertilizer 80 parts, 30 parts of mashed garlic, 18 parts of China tree powder, 10 parts of tea bran powder, potassium sulfate 15
Part, 35 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of vermiculite and 2000 parts of water；Fertilizer is become thoroughly decomposed for matrix with fluff packing, coordinates mashed garlic, China tree powder, tea
Bran powder and vermiculite, add the nutrient in soil, improve the gas permeability and water content of soil, are promoting the life of cowpea plant
While length, volume increase, the also effect with sterilization and disinsection；It is 2450MHz, microwave in microwave frequency that wherein fluff packing, which becomes thoroughly decomposed fertile,
Dosage is to be compounded again with other raw materials after microwave sterilization under conditions of 3.0w/g, and the wherein fluff packing fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed passes through microwave
Sterilization treatment, it is to avoid sick filament or mycelia, which are attached in the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, brings germ into and cause cowpea to occur the hair such as powdery mildew and gray mold
It is raw；
Cowpea seed in each bowl after 4 microwave treatments of sowing, the levelling bowl of Zai Shi decomposed organic matters composite fertilizer, its
Middle bowl is made using degradation material, and the bowl is followed successively by the first slow release layer, medicament layer and the second slow release layer from outside to inside,
First slow release layer and the second slow release layer are made using full-starch plastic, and the medicament layer uses natural biological preparation system
Make, wherein natural biological preparation includes pyrethrin, Dipel, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, AVM, Predatory Mites, cigarette
One or more of mixtures in alkali, matrine, Ningnanmycin；The method transplanted using bowl seeding, can improve seedling
Survival rate, saves seed consumption, environmentally safe using degradation material making bowl, and the natural life that its medicament layer is used
The pest and disease damage problems such as thing preparation energy prevention and control aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth, tetranychid, liriomyza bryoniae, noctuid class pest, virosis are complete to form sediment
Powder plastics slow release layer can be degraded by microorganisms, and have certain insulation blocking effect to insect and germ；
D, pot seedling field planting, cowpea field planting line-spacing are 65cm, and spacing in the rows is 30cm, hill spacing 24cm, and field planting uses sufficient to become thoroughly decomposed for first 7 days to be had
JT composite bacteria liquid 20ml are applied in Ji Zhi composite fertilizers, every cave, the antibacterial protection layer of cowpea seedling root system is formed, isolation soil itself is potential
The germ that survives the winter so as to protecting cowpea seedling root system, single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, with decomposed organic matter, composite fertilizer is covered
Lid bowl 5cm is thick, and cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film, prevents and treats infection process cowpea seedling, promotes cowpea seedling to grow up strong and sturdy；
E, intercropping vanilla, the vanilla are Lemon Basil, are colonized between two row cowpeas, are away from cowpea line-spacing
30cm, spacing in the rows 20cm, the special odor discharged by Lemon Basil drives the insects such as beetle, can effectively prevent cowpea mosaic virus
The diseases such as disease；
F, rationally spray rich water, cowpea seedling growth early stage keeps ground moistening, breeding time is using the dry wet irrigation side of dry and wet
Method, has first stayed three ditch positions before field planting, cowpea seedling stage soil moisture content is controlled 60%, and the plant strain growth middle and later periods, growth potential subtracts
It is weak, water topdress in time, apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer 5 times, every minor tick 15 days prevents the de- fertilizer of water deficit in a plant, spray is applied on blade face
Apply 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 times, per minor tick 15 days, subsequent 800 times of liquid of foliage-spray new high fat film prevented and treated infection process
Blade face, improves the resistivity to disease；
At the beginning of G, insect trapping, 5 bottoms month to 10 months, the evil such as the yellow plate of every mu of suspension 20 trapping alatae, trialeurodes vaporariorum, liriomyza bryoniaes
The adult of worm, the adult of every mu of suspension insect such as 15 thrips of backboard, every 20 mu of suspensions frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, 1 trapping Lepidoptera
With the adult such as coleoptera, suspension height is away from ground 1.5m.
Although embodiment of the present invention is disclosed as above, it is not restricted in specification and embodiment listed
With it can be applied to various suitable the field of the invention completely, can be easily for those skilled in the art
Other modification is realized, therefore under the universal limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited
In specific details and shown here as the embodiment with description.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
A, soil selection and processing, selection physical features is high and dry, draining is good, do not plant the soil of legume vegetable in two years, cleaning soil
Dilapdated and ruined fallen leaves on earth, weeds, plough deeply soil 30-40cm for 15-25 days before sowing and are dried, every mu is used potassium permanganate 3-
4kg carries out soil disinfection；
B, seed selection and processing, the strong seed of selection disease resistance, first with 25-30 DEG C of warm water immersion 2-3h, are put into 50-60 DEG C
10% potassium permanganate, which adds in 400 times of liquors of new high fat film, soaks 10-18min, at ambient pressure using microwave treatment, microwave frequency
For 2450MHz, microwave dose is 0.5-3.0w/g, handles 30-300s, and the microwave is pulse microwave, and microwave pulsewidth is 100-
300ms, the intermittent time is 200-400ms；
C, bowl seeding, first apply 2-4 microwave of sowing in decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, each bowl in bowl bottom before sowing
Cowpea seed after processing, the wherein levelling bowl of Zai Shi decomposed organic matters composite fertilizer, bowl are made using degradation material, described
Bowl is followed successively by the first slow release layer, medicament layer and the second slow release layer from outside to inside, and first slow release layer and the second slow release layer are equal
Made using full-starch plastic, the medicament layer is made using natural biological preparation, wherein natural biological preparation includes Dalmatian chrysanthemum
One kind or several in element, Dipel, muscardine, green muscardine fungus, AVM, Predatory Mites, nicotine, matrine, Ningnanmycin
The mixture planted；
D, pot seedling field planting, cowpea field planting line-spacing are 50-65cm, and spacing in the rows is 20-30cm, hill spacing 20-24cm, is applied within 3-7 days before field planting
Sufficient decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer, per JT composite bacteria liquid 5-20ml are applied in cave, single bowl band seedling is colonized into cave, with becoming thoroughly decomposed
Organic matter compound fertilizer covering bowl 2-5cm is thick, and cowpea seedling sprays 500 times of liquid of new high fat film；
E, rationally spray rich water, cowpea seedling growth early stage keeps ground moistening, and breeding time is fixed using the wet irrigation method of dry dry and wet
Three ditch positions are first stayed before planting, cowpea seedling stage soil moisture content is controlled in 50%-60%, and the plant strain growth middle and later periods, growth potential subtracts
It is weak, water topdress in time, apply decomposed organic matter composite fertilizer 3-5 times, every minor tick 10-15 days prevents the de- fertilizer of water deficit in a plant, blade face
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2-4 times for spraying 0.25%-0.5% is applied, per minor tick 7-15 days, subsequent 800 times of foliage-spray new high fat film
Liquid.
2. the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the decomposed organic matter
The raw material that composite fertilizer includes is as follows：Fluff packing becomes thoroughly decomposed fertile 50-80 parts, 20-30 parts of mashed garlic, 10-18 parts of China tree powder, tea bran powder
1000-2000 parts of 5-10 parts, 10-15 parts of potassium sulfate, 25-35 parts of plant ash, 5-12 parts of vermiculite and water；Wherein fluff packing becomes thoroughly decomposed
Fertilizer microwave frequency be 2450MHz, microwave dose be 0.5-3.0w/g under conditions of after microwave sterilization again with other raw materials
Compounding.
3. the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cowpea plantation
Pest and disease damage green prevention and control method also includes intercropping vanilla, and the vanilla is Lemon Basil, is colonized between two row cowpeas, away from
Cowpea line-spacing is 20-30cm, spacing in the rows 15-20cm.
4. the pest and disease damage green prevention and control method of cowpea plantation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the cowpea plantation
Pest and disease damage green prevention and control method also includes insect and trapped and killed, at the beginning of 5 bottoms month to 10 months, every mu of suspension Huang plate 15-20 piece trap and kill alatae,
The adult of trialeurodes vaporariorum and liriomyza bryoniae, every mu of suspension backboard 10-15 piece traps and kills the adult of thrips, and per 10-20 mus, suspension frequency ventilating type is killed
1 trapping Lepidoptera of worm lamp and the adult of coleoptera, suspension height is away from ground 1.5m.
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| CN105103889A (en) * | 2015-08-26 | 2015-12-02 | 贵州省仁怀市欢悦红粱种植有限公司 | Cowpea cultivation method |
| CN105248196A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-20 | 云南好宝有机农业有限公司 | Organic crop base pest control method |
| CN105493975B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2018-08-03 | 黄信开 | A method of prevention cowpea Americal rice leaf miner |
| CN105638331A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-08 | 镇江常青园林工程有限公司 | Plant disease and pest green prevention and control method for garden plants |
| CN105830741A (en) * | 2016-06-08 | 2016-08-10 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Medium maturity cowpea variety outdoor spring sowing planting method |
| CN106818157A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-06-13 | 和县德生农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of cowpea |
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| CN111418418A (en) * | 2020-05-11 | 2020-07-17 | 中振中汇(天津)农业科技发展有限公司 | Green and safe pest control method |
| CN112740963A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-04 | 北海市农业科学研究所(北海市农业广播电视学校,北海市农民科技教育培训中心) | Method for interplanting houttuynia cordata and cowpeas |
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| CN101543232B (en) * | 2009-05-11 | 2013-08-14 | 杨绍福 | Mixture for controlling konjak diseases and insects |
| KR20140023306A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2014-02-26 | 유겐가이샤 메이쇼 | Method for raising plants and composition used therefor |
| CN102504560B (en) * | 2011-11-07 | 2013-09-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Degradable seedling culture container, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN103621358A (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-12 | 重庆市合川区合双科技有限公司 | Vigna sinensis pest control method |
| CN103314734B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-12-02 | 合肥康龄养生科技有限公司 | A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques |
| CN104221783A (en) * | 2013-06-15 | 2014-12-24 | 重庆市彭水县彭双科技有限公司 | Cowpea pest control method |
| CN103477921B (en) * | 2013-10-14 | 2015-02-04 | 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Method for comprehensive control of root knot nematode disease of potted ficus microcarpa |
| CN103918530B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-01-20 | 芜湖晋诚农业科技有限公司 | A kind of cowpea high-yield implantation methods |
| CN105418297A (en) * | 2014-10-18 | 2016-03-23 | 凌卫康 | Anti-disease plant fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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