WO2022048002A1

WO2022048002A1 - Rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting

Info

Publication number: WO2022048002A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/126021
Authority: WO
Inventors: 马兴华; 王德权; 杜传印; 闫慧峰; 刘洋; 王艺; 管恩森; 王大海
Original assignee: 中国农业科学院烟草研究所; 山东潍坊烟草有限公司
Priority date: 2020-09-03
Filing date: 2020-11-03
Publication date: 2022-03-10
Also published as: CN111972240B; GB202212204D0; GB2613220A; CN111972240A; LU500677B1

Abstract

A rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting, comprising: performing ridging, every two ridges form a unit, and using mulching films for covering; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between every two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and after the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, film uncovering and hilling cultivation are carried out, film uncovering and hilling being ploughing ridge soil on the two sides of the tobacco plants into the tobacco planting ditch. By means of the planting method, early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants are promoted by means of rainwater collection during drought season in the early growth stage, and dry matter accumulation is improved. When rainy in the later growth period, moisture accumulation around roots of tobacco plants is reduced by means of ridging, waterlogging is reduced, and the healthy growth of tobacco plants is guaranteed.

Description

A rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow planting

This application claims the priority of the Chinese patent application with the application number of 202010914071.8 and the invention titled "a method for rain-harvesting planting of flue-cured tobacco ridges and film furrows", which was submitted to the China Patent Office on September 3, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference in this application.

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and in particular relates to a rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow planting.

Background technique

Flue-cured tobacco is an important agricultural product in my country's economic crops, the main raw material for cigarette production, and one of the bulk agricultural products exported by my country. The main characteristics of flue-cured tobacco are tall plants, sparse and even distribution of leaves, larger leaves of flue-cured tobacco, mostly orange or lemon yellow after roasting, brighter color, moderate thickness, and the best quality of tobacco leaves in the middle. In addition to being used to make cigarettes, the nicotine extracted from the rhizomes and low-grade tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobacco has the functions of sterilization and hemostasis, and can control crop pests and livestock skin parasites; citric acid and malic acid contained in tobacco leaves can be extracted after extraction. It can be directly used in the food industry; tobacco seeds contain 35-40% oil, and the essence contained in tobacco stems can be used as industrial raw materials after extraction. Due to the development of the tobacco industry, it has also led to the development of the spices, plastics, paper, printing, packaging, fertilizers and machinery industries.

At present, the planting of flue-cured tobacco adopts plastic film mulching cultivation mode, which mainly adopts the method of first ridge covering film and then transplanting. After mulching, the water exchange between the ridge body and the outside world is cut off, and the natural rainfall flows into the ridge and furrow with the ridge body, which is difficult to supplement into the ridge body. Especially in areas that are arid and less rainy or prone to spring drought, the soil water content is low when ridges are raised, and the water for tobacco seedlings to maintain life mainly comes from irrigation during transplanting. It is difficult to obtain external water after transplanting until the rainy season. Supplementation affects the growth of tobacco plants, resulting in reduced yield and quality.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to solve the situation that the quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco are reduced due to insufficient water supply in the existing plastic film mulching cultivation mode, the present invention realizes the effective gathering of natural rainfall by changing the shape of the ridge body and the planting position of the tobacco seedlings, and changing the ridge planting into a furrow. Planting, make full use of natural rainfall, promote the growth and development of tobacco plants, improve quality and yield.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow planting, comprising the following steps:

Ridges, every two ridges is a unit, covered with plastic film; between the two ridges is a tobacco planting ditch, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the tobacco planting ditch; when the tobacco seedlings enter the prosperous long-term film and soil cultivation, the film and soil cultivation are carried out. In order to plough the soil of the ridges on both sides of the tobacco plant into the tobacco planting ditch.

Preferably, the ridge width is 35-45 cm, and the ridge height is 10-20 cm.

Preferably, the spacing of one unit is 35-45 cm.

Preferably, the thickness of the mulch film is 0.006-0.01 mm, and the width is 1.0-1.2 m.

Preferably, the transplanted tobacco seedlings have 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stem height is 6-8 cm.

Preferably, the transplanting of the tobacco seedlings adopts the "well cellar type" transplanting method, and the depth of the well cellar is 7-9 cm.

Preferably, the row spacing of the tobacco seedling transplanting is 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is 0.45-0.55 m.

Preferably, the tobacco seedlings are fertilized after transplanting, and the fertilization is 7-9 cm away from both sides of the tobacco plant in the direction of the ridge body, and the fertilization depth is 9-11 cm.

Preferably, the type of fertilization is one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer specially for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate.

Preferably, the nitrogen application amount of the fertilization is 6-7 kg/mu, and the fertilization weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.6-1.0:2.5-3.5.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention provides a rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridge and film furrow planting. For the first time, by changing the shape of the ridge body and the planting position of tobacco seedlings, the effective gathering of natural rainfall is realized, the ridge planting is changed into furrow planting, the natural rainfall is fully utilized, and the tobacco planting is promoted. Plant growth and development, improve quality and yield.

Compared with the conventional cultivation method, the rain harvesting planting method of the present invention has higher dry weights of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 in the prosperous period of rain harvesting planting than the conventional cultivation method, which are increased by 35.3%, 40.0% and 31.0% respectively. , especially the dry weight of leaves per plant was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods; the dry weights of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Yunyan 87, which had been cultivated for a long period of rain harvesting, were significantly higher than those of conventional cultivation, increasing by 28.0%, 34.7% and 42.7%, respectively. %. The dry weights of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 in the flat-top stage of rain harvesting planting were all higher than those of conventional cultivation methods, increasing by 15.3%, 46.6% and 10.4% respectively, especially the dry weight of per plant stem was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods. Cultivation method: The dry weights of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 in the flat-top stage of rain-collecting planting are higher than those of conventional cultivation, which are increased by 29.2%, 32.3% and 19.5% respectively, especially the dry weights of leaves and stems per plant are significantly higher. higher than conventional cultivation methods. It can be seen that the rain-collecting planting method of the present invention can significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco in the prosperous and flat top stages of tobacco seedlings.

Instruction drawings

Fig. 1 ridge film furrow planting rain harvesting planting schematic diagram;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of conventional ridge mulching and film-covering planting mode;

Figure 3. Diagram of field cultivation and planting pattern.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

The invention provides a rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridges and film furrows, which comprises the following steps: forming a ridge, each two ridges is a unit, covered with plastic film; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between the two ridges, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the planting ditch. In the tobacco ditch; when the tobacco seedlings enter the prosperous long-term stripping film and soil cultivation, the stripping and soil cultivation is to plough the soil of the ridges on both sides of the tobacco plant into the tobacco planting ditch.

In the present invention, the ridge width of the ridge is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm, and the ridge height is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the setting of the ridge width and ridge height determines the degree of rainfall If the ridge width is too narrow and the ridge height is too high, the rainwater can quickly flow into the ridge. It can achieve the purpose of proper rain collection, and then achieve the purpose of having an appropriate amount of water in the entire growth period of tobacco seedlings, and promote the growth of tobacco plants.

In the present invention, the spacing of the one unit is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40 cm; the one unit is two ridges, no gap is left between the two ridges, and there is a tobacco planting ditch between the two ridges. In the method, the tobacco seedlings are planted in the tobacco planting ditch, so that the tobacco seedlings in the early growth stage can be harvested to promote early growth and rapid growth of the tobacco plants in the dry season, and the accumulation of dry matter can be improved. The water accumulation around the rhizosphere reduces the occurrence of waterlogging, thereby achieving the purpose of promoting the growth of tobacco plants.

In the present invention, the thickness of the mulch film is preferably 0.006-0.01 mm, and the width is preferably 1.0-1.2 m; the mulch film is preferably a polyethylene blow-molded agricultural covering mulch film.

In the present invention, the transplanted tobacco seedlings preferably have 6 leaves and 1 core, and the stem height is preferably 6-8 cm.

When the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the present invention, the tobacco seedlings suitable for the developmental stage are selected, so that the tobacco seedlings can be quickly adapted to the transplanting environment, the tobacco seedlings can grow and develop rapidly, and the dry matter accumulation of the tobacco seedlings is promoted, thereby improving the yield and quality.

In the present invention, the transplanting of the tobacco seedlings preferably adopts the "well cellar type" transplanting method, and the depth of the well cellar is preferably 7-9 cm. The row spacing of the tobacco seedling transplanting is preferably 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is preferably 0.45-0.55 m; the present invention sets a suitable row spacing and plant spacing for the tobacco seedling transplanting, so that the tobacco seedlings can grow and develop under a suitable planting density, and can Obtain sufficient light, improve the photosynthetic compensation point of tobacco seedlings, improve the utilization rate of ground space in the seedling stage, rationally use space, reduce the competition for glory and fertilizer among tobacco seedlings, and then promote the moderate growth of tobacco seedlings and improve yield and quality.

In the present invention, the tobacco seedlings are fertilized after transplanting, and the fertilization is preferably 7-9 cm away from both sides of the tobacco plant in the direction of the ridge body, and the fertilization depth is preferably 9-11 cm. The type of fertilization is preferably one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, compound fertilizer specially for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate. The nitrogen application amount of the fertilization is preferably 6-7 kg/mu, and the fertilization weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 1:0.6-1.0:2.5-3.5.

In the present invention, the planting sites are preferably hilly and mountainous tobacco fields prone to seasonal droughts.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Fig. 1 is the planting schematic diagram of the present invention, with reference to this schematic diagram, flue-cured tobacco ridge film ditch planting rain-collecting planting is carried out, and the planting place is Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province. It includes the following steps:

(1) Land preparation: Prepare the land according to the conventional method of planting tobacco.

(2) Ridging: The ridge width is 40cm and the ridge height is 15cm. Each unit is divided into two ridges, no gap is left between the ridges, and there is a tobacco planting ditch between the two ridges.

(3) Film mulching: After ridges are raised, each unit is covered with polyethylene blow-molded agricultural mulch film. The thickness of the mulch film is 0.008mm and the width is 1.1m. An appropriate amount of soil is filled in the middle of the two ridges to make the mulch film close to the ridge body.

(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 15. When transplanting, the "well cellar type" transplanting method was adopted. The depth of the well cellar was 8cm. Tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves and 1 core and a stem height of 7cm were transplanted in the tobacco planting ditch. The distance between each row of tobacco seedlings was 1.20 cm. m, the distance between each plant is 0.50m.

(5) Field management: On the day of transplanting the tobacco seedlings, make fertilization holes with a depth of 10 cm at a distance of about 8 cm from both sides of the tobacco plant in the direction of the ridge body. Fermented soybean cake fertilizer, tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diphosphoric acid Ammonium is applied according to the nitrogen application rate of 6.53kg/mu and the fertilization weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.8:3. Immediately after fertilization, water 1kg per plant. After the water has completely infiltrated, the fertilization holes are sealed with soil. .

(6) Peel off the film and cultivate the soil: When the tobacco seedlings enter the prosperous period, the soil of the ridges on both sides of the tobacco plant is ploughed into the tobacco planting ditch by machinery for soil cultivation. Tobacco seedlings (n=3) in the prosperous period (47 days after transplanting) and the topping period (75 days after transplanting) were taken, and their dry matter accumulation was detected respectively. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Example 2

Referring to Figure 1, the flue-cured tobacco ridge film trench was planted for rain harvesting, and the planting place was Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province. It includes the following steps:

(2) Ridging: according to the ridge width of 35cm and the ridge height of 20cm, each unit is divided into two ridges, no gap is left between the ridges, and there is a tobacco planting ditch between the two ridges.

(3) Filming: After ridges are raised, each unit is covered with polyethylene blow-molded agricultural mulch. The thickness of the mulch is 0.006mm and the width is 1.2m. The middle of the two ridges is filled with an appropriate amount of soil to make the mulch stick to the ridge body.

(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: Tobacco seedlings were transplanted on May 15. When transplanting, the "well cellar type" transplanting method was adopted. The depth of the well cellar was 7cm. Tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves and 1 core and a stem height of 6cm were transplanted in the tobacco planting ditch. The distance between each row of tobacco seedlings was 1.10 cm. m, the distance between each plant is 0.55m.

(5) Field management: On the day of transplanting the tobacco seedlings, drill 9cm deep fertilization holes at a distance of about 7cm from both sides of the tobacco plant in the direction of the ridge body, and fertilize the fermented soybean cake fertilizer, tobacco-specific compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diphosphoric acid. Ammonium was applied according to the nitrogen application rate of 7kg/mu, and the fertilization weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was 1:0.6:2.5. Immediately after fertilization, water 1kg per plant. After the water completely infiltrated, the fertilization holes were sealed with soil.

(6) Peel off the film and cultivate the soil: When the tobacco seedlings enter the prosperous period, the soil of the ridges on both sides of the tobacco plant is ploughed into the tobacco planting ditch by machinery for soil cultivation.

Comparative Example 1

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional ridge mulching and film-covering planting method, and the conventional ridge mulching and film-covering cultivation of flue-cured tobacco is carried out with reference to this schematic diagram, and the planting place is Zhaojiabeipo Village, Sitou Town, Linqu County, Shandong Province.

The planting site is the same planting site as Example 1.

(2) Ridging: The ridge width is 80cm, the ridge height is 25cm, and each unit is a ridge.

(3) Coating: After ridges are raised, each unit is covered with polyethylene blow-molded agricultural mulch, the thickness of the mulch is 0.08mm, and the width is 1.1m, so that the mulch sticks closely to the ridge body.

(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: the same transplanting period as in Example 1. When transplanting, the "well cellar" transplanting method was adopted. The depth of the well cellar was 8cm. Tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves and 1 core and a stem height of 7cm were transplanted in the center of the ridge, and the distance between each row of tobacco seedlings was 1.20m. , the distance between each plant is 0.50m.

(6) Tobacco seedlings (n=3) were taken at the same time as in Example 1 when the tobacco seedlings were prosperous (47 days after transplanting) and at the topping stage (75 days after transplanting), and their dry matter accumulation was detected. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Table 1 Dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants in the prosperous period (47 days after transplanting) of different cultivation methods

Table 2 Dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants in the flat-top period (75 days after transplanting) of different cultivation methods

As can be seen from Table 1, through statistical analysis, the dry weight of leaves per plant of Zhongyan 100 in the prosperous period of rain harvesting cultivation is higher than that of conventional cultivation methods, the dry weight of leaves per plant is increased by 35.3%, and the dry weight of stems per plant is increased by 40.0%. , stem dry weight per plant increased by 31.0%, especially the dry weight of leaf per plant was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods; It was increased by 28.0%, 34.7% and 42.7%; it indicated that rain harvesting planting could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants in the flourishing period.

As can be seen from Table 2, through statistical analysis, the dry weights of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Zhongyan 100 in the flat-top stage of rain-collecting planting are higher than those of conventional cultivation methods, which are increased by 15.3%, 46.6%, and 10.4%, respectively. , especially the stem dry weight per plant was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods; the dry weight of leaves, stems and roots per plant of Yunyan 87 in the plateau stage of rain harvesting planting were higher than those of conventional cultivation, increasing by 29.2%, 32.3% and 19.5%, respectively. %, especially the dry weight of leaves and stems per plant was significantly higher than that of conventional cultivation methods; this indicated that rain harvesting planting could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of tobacco plants in the plateau stage.

The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow planting, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

Ridges, every two ridges is a unit, covered with plastic film; between the two ridges is a tobacco planting ditch, and the tobacco seedlings are transplanted in the tobacco planting ditch; when the tobacco seedlings enter the prosperous long-term film and soil cultivation, the film and soil cultivation are carried out. In order to plough the soil of the ridges on both sides of the tobacco plant into the tobacco planting ditch.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the ridge width is 35-45 cm, and the ridge height is 10-20 cm.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the spacing of the one unit is 35-45 cm.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the mulch film is 0.006-0.01 mm, and the width is 1.0-1.2 m.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanted tobacco seedlings have 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stem height is 6-8 cm.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting of the tobacco seedlings adopts a "well cellar type" transplanting method, and the depth of the well cellar is 7-9 cm.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the tobacco seedling transplanting is 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is 0.45-0.55 m.
The planting method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization is applied after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the fertilization is 7-9 cm away from both sides of the tobacco plant along the ridge direction, and the fertilization depth is 9-11 cm.
The planting method according to claim 8, wherein the type of fertilization is one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate.
The planting method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the nitrogen application amount of the fertilization is 6-7 kg/mu, and the fertilization weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1:0.6-1.0:2.5-3.5.