CN111972240A - Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method - Google Patents

Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method Download PDF

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CN111972240A
CN111972240A CN202010914071.8A CN202010914071A CN111972240A CN 111972240 A CN111972240 A CN 111972240A CN 202010914071 A CN202010914071 A CN 202010914071A CN 111972240 A CN111972240 A CN 111972240A
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tobacco
planting
planting method
ridge
film
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CN111972240B (en
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马兴华
王德权
杜传印
闫慧峰
刘洋
王艺
管恩森
王大海
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Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS
Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co Ltd
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Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/126021 priority patent/WO2022048002A1/en
Priority to GB2212204.8A priority patent/GB2613220A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/45Tobacco
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

Abstract

The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater harvesting planting method, and belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: ridging, wherein each two ridges are a unit and covered by a mulching film; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between the two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and (3) when the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, uncovering the film and ridging, namely ploughing the ridge soil on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches. According to the planting method, the early growth and fast growth of tobacco plants are promoted by rain collection in the drought season in the early growth period, and the dry matter accumulation is improved; when the tobacco plants are rainy in the later growth period, moisture accumulation around the rhizosphere of the tobacco plants is reduced through earthing up, waterlogging is reduced, and the healthy growth of the tobacco plants is guaranteed.

Description

Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco planting, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow planting and rainwater collecting planting method.
Background
Flue-cured tobacco is an important agricultural product in economic crops in China, is a main raw material for cigarette production, and is also one of large agricultural products exported in China. The main characteristics of flue-cured tobacco are that the plant is tall and big, the leaf distribution is sparse and uniform, the cured tobacco leaf slices are big, the color of the cured leaf slices is orange yellow or lemon yellow, the color is bright, the thickness is moderate, and the quality of the middle tobacco leaf is optimal. Besides being used for making cigarettes, the flue-cured tobacco has the functions of sterilization and hemostasis by extracting nicotine from the rhizome and the inferior tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco, and can prevent and treat crop pests and livestock skin parasites; the citric acid and malic acid contained in the tobacco leaves can be directly used in the food industry after being extracted; the tobacco seeds contain 35-40% of oil, and the tobacco stems contain essence and the like which can be used as industrial raw materials after extraction. The development of the tobacco industry has also driven the development of the flavor, plastic, paper, printing, packaging, fertilizer, and machinery industries.
At present, the flue-cured tobacco is planted in a plastic film mulching cultivation mode, the mode of firstly ridging, covering a film and then transplanting is mainly adopted, trapezoidal or arched ridges with narrow tops and wide bottoms are formed after the film is covered, and then the tobacco is planted. After the mulching film is covered, the moisture exchange between the ridge body and the outside is cut off, and natural rainfall flows into the furrows along with the ridge body and is difficult to supplement into the ridge body. Particularly in areas with drought and little rain or easy spring drought, the water content of soil is low during ridging, the water for tobacco seedling life activity is mainly from irrigation during transplanting, and the tobacco plant is difficult to be supplemented by external water after transplanting until the rainy season comes, so that the growth of the tobacco plant is influenced, and the yield and the quality are reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem that the quality and the yield of the flue-cured tobacco are reduced due to insufficient water supply in the existing plastic film mulching cultivation mode, the method realizes effective accumulation of natural rainfall by changing the shape of the ridge body and the planting position of tobacco seedlings, changes ridge cultivation into furrow cultivation, fully utilizes the natural rainfall, promotes the growth and development of tobacco plants, and improves the quality and the yield.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater harvesting planting method, which comprises the following steps:
ridging, wherein each two ridges are a unit and covered by a mulching film; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between the two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and (3) when the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, uncovering the film and ridging, namely ploughing the ridge soil on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches.
Preferably, the width of each ridge is 35-45 cm, and the height of each ridge is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, the distance between the units is 35-45 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006-0.01 mm, and the width of the mulching film is 1.0-1.2 m.
Preferably, the tobacco seedlings transplanted by the tobacco seedlings are 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stem height is 6-8 cm.
Preferably, the tobacco seedling transplanting adopts a well cellar type transplanting mode, and the depth of the well cellar is 7-9 cm.
Preferably, the row spacing for transplanting the tobacco seedlings is 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is 0.45-0.55 m.
Preferably, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and then fertilized, the fertilization is carried out at the positions 7-9 cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants along the direction of the ridge bodies, and the fertilization depth is 9-11 cm.
Preferably, the type of the fertilizer is one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer application is 6-7 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 1: 0.6-1.0: 2.5-3.5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method which realizes effective collection of natural rainfall by changing the shape of ridge bodies and the planting positions of tobacco seedlings for the first time, changes ridge cultivation into furrow cultivation, fully utilizes the natural rainfall, promotes the growth and development of tobacco plants, and improves the quality and the yield.
Compared with the conventional planting method, the rain-collecting planting method has the advantages that the dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the medium-sized tobacco 100 is higher than that of the conventional planting method in a long-term rain-collecting planting mode, the dry weight is respectively increased by 35.3%, 40.0% and 31.0%, and especially the dry weight of the leaves of the single plant is obviously higher than that of the conventional planting method; the dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the Yunyan 87 which is planted in rain for a long time is obviously higher than that of the dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the Yunyan 87 cultivated in normal conditions, and the dry weight is respectively improved by 28.0%, 34.7% and 42.7%. The dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the medium tobacco 100 in the flat stage of rain-collecting planting is higher than that of the medium tobacco in the conventional cultivation method, and is respectively increased by 15.3%, 46.6% and 10.4%, and particularly, the dry weight of the stems of the single plant is obviously higher than that of the stem of the conventional cultivation method; the dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the Yunyan 87 in the rain-collecting planting plateau period is higher than that of the conventional planting method, the dry weight is respectively increased by 29.2%, 32.3% and 19.5%, and particularly, the weight of the leaves and stems of the single plant is obviously higher than that of the conventional planting method. Therefore, the ridge film furrow cultivation and rain collection planting method can obviously increase the dry matter accumulation of the tobacco in the vigorous growing period and the flat top period of the tobacco seedlings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of ridge film furrow cultivation and rainwater collection cultivation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional ridging and mulching planting method;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a field cultivation pattern.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater harvesting planting method, which comprises the following steps: ridging, wherein each two ridges are a unit and covered by a mulching film; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between the two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and (3) when the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, uncovering the film and ridging, namely ploughing the ridge soil on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches.
In the invention, the ridge width of the ridge is preferably 35-45 cm, more preferably 40cm, and the ridge height is preferably 10-20 cm, more preferably 15 cm; the arrangement of the width and the height of the ridges determines the degree of rain collection, the width of the ridges is too narrow, the height of the ridges is too high, rainwater can flow into the furrows quickly, rainwater is collected too much, the width of the ridges is too wide, the height of the ridges is too low, the effect of rainwater collection in the furrows cannot be achieved, the proper width and height of the ridges can achieve the purpose of proper rainwater collection, the purpose of proper water quantity in the whole growth period of tobacco seedlings is achieved, and the growth of the tobacco plants is promoted.
In the invention, the distance between the units is preferably 35-45 cm, and more preferably 40 cm; one unit is two ridges, no gap is left between the two ridges, and a tobacco planting ditch is arranged between the two ridges. According to the invention, the tobacco seedlings are planted at the tobacco planting ditch, so that the early growth and quick growth of tobacco plants can be promoted by rain collection in the drought season of the tobacco seedlings in the early growth period, the accumulation of dry matters is improved, the water accumulation around the rhizosphere of the tobacco plants is reduced by hilling the tobacco seedlings in the later growth period when raininess exists, the occurrence of waterlogging is reduced, and the aim of promoting the growth of the tobacco plants is further achieved.
In the invention, the thickness of the mulching film is preferably 0.006-0.01 mm, and the width of the mulching film is preferably 1.0-1.2 m; the mulching film is preferably a polyethylene blow-molded agricultural mulching film.
In the invention, the tobacco seedlings transplanted by the tobacco seedlings are preferably 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stem height is preferably 6-8 cm; when the method is used for transplanting the tobacco seedlings, the tobacco seedlings in the proper development period are selected, so that the tobacco seedlings can be quickly adapted to the transplanting environment, the tobacco seedlings can be quickly grown and developed, the accumulation of dry matters of the tobacco seedlings is promoted, and the yield and the quality are further improved.
In the invention, the tobacco seedling transplanting preferably adopts a well cellar type transplanting mode, and the well cellar depth is preferably 7-9 cm. The row spacing for transplanting the tobacco seedlings is preferably 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is preferably 0.45-0.55 m; the invention sets the proper row spacing and plant spacing for transplanting the tobacco seedlings, so that the tobacco seedlings grow and develop under the proper planting density, sufficient illumination can be obtained, the photosynthetic compensation points of the tobacco seedlings are improved, the ground space utilization rate in the seedling stage is improved, the space is reasonably utilized, the competition of light and fertilizer among the tobacco seedlings is reduced, the proper growth of the tobacco seedlings is promoted, and the yield and the quality are improved.
In the invention, the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and then fertilized, the fertilization is preferably performed at the position 7-9 cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants along the direction of the ridge bodies, and the fertilization depth is preferably 9-11 cm. The type of the fertilizer application is preferably one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special tobacco compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate. The nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer application is preferably 6-7 kg/mu, and the fertilizer application weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 1: 0.6-1.0: 2.5-3.5.
In the invention, the planting field is preferably a hilly mountain tobacco field which is easy to generate seasonal arid areas.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of planting of the present invention, wherein the planting field is Shandong province Lingzao 26384at Zhaoto town, North China slope village of Temple county. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: preparing soil according to a conventional soil preparation method for planting tobacco.
(2) Ridging: ridging is carried out according to the ridge width of 40cm and the ridge height of 15cm, each unit is divided into two ridges, no gap is reserved between the ridges, and a tobacco planting ditch is arranged between the two ridges.
(3) Film covering: after ridging, covering a polyethylene blow molding agricultural mulching film according to each unit, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.008mm, the width of the mulching film is 1.1m, and filling a proper amount of soil between two ridges to enable the mulching film to be tightly attached to ridge bodies.
(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting the tobacco seedlings in 5 months and 15 days. And (3) transplanting by adopting a well cellar type transplanting mode, wherein the depth of a well cellar is 8cm, 6 tobacco seedlings with 1-leaf cores and 7 cm-stem heights are transplanted at the tobacco planting ditch, the distance between each row of the tobacco seedlings is 1.20m, and the distance between each plant is 0.50 m.
(5) Field management: on the day of transplanting tobacco seedlings, fertilizing holes with the depth of 10cm are drilled at the positions, about 8cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants, along the direction of ridge bodies, of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate are applied according to the fertilizing weight ratio of nitrogen application to nitrogen per mu of 6.53kg to nitrogen application to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:0.8:3, watering is carried out immediately after fertilizing, watering is carried out on each plant for 1kg, and the fertilizing holes are tightly sealed by soil after water is completely infiltrated.
(6) Uncovering the film and hilling: and when tobacco seedlings grow vigorously, ploughing the soil of ridge bodies on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches through a machine, and hilling. Taking tobacco seedlings (n is 3) in the vigorous growth stage (47 days after transplantation) and the apical growth stage (75 days after transplantation), and respectively detecting the dry matter accumulation amount. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
Example 2
Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rain-collecting planting is carried out according to the reference of fig. 1, and the planting field is Shandong province Lin' 384in Temple town of county, Zhao family northern slope village. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation: preparing soil according to a conventional soil preparation method for planting tobacco.
(2) Ridging: ridging is carried out according to the ridge width of 35cm and the ridge height of 20cm, each unit is divided into two ridges, no gap is reserved between the ridges, and a tobacco planting ditch is arranged between the two ridges.
(3) Film covering: after ridging, covering a polyethylene blow-molding agricultural mulching film according to each unit, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.006mm, the width of the mulching film is 1.2m, and filling a proper amount of soil between two ridges to enable the mulching film to be tightly attached to ridge bodies.
(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: transplanting the tobacco seedlings in 5 months and 15 days. And (3) transplanting by adopting a well cellar type transplanting mode, wherein the depth of a well cellar is 7cm, tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves, 1 heart and 6cm of stem height are transplanted at the tobacco planting ditch, the distance between each row of the tobacco seedlings is 1.10m, and the distance between each plant is 0.55 m.
(5) Field management: on the day of transplanting tobacco seedlings, fertilizing holes with the depth of 9cm are drilled at positions which are 7cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants along the direction of ridge bodies, fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate are applied according to the fertilizing weight ratio of 7 kg/mu of nitrogen application to 1:0.6:2.5, watering is carried out immediately after fertilizing, watering is carried out on each plant for 1kg, and the fertilizing holes are tightly sealed by soil after water is completely infiltrated.
(6) Uncovering the film and hilling: and when tobacco seedlings grow vigorously, ploughing the soil of ridge bodies on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches through a machine, and hilling.
Comparative example 1
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a conventional ridging and film mulching cultivation method, and conventional ridging and film mulching cultivation is carried out on flue-cured tobacco according to the schematic view, wherein the cultivation land is Shandong province Lingzhou Too Beijing village at Temple Town of county province.
The planting field is the same as that of example 1.
(1) Land preparation: preparing soil according to a conventional soil preparation method for planting tobacco.
(2) Ridging: ridging is carried out according to the ridge width of 80cm and the ridge height of 25cm, and each unit is a ridge.
(3) Film covering: after ridging, covering a polyethylene blow molding agricultural mulching film according to each unit, wherein the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08mm, and the width of the mulching film is 1.1m, so that the mulching film is tightly attached to the ridge body.
(4) Transplanting tobacco seedlings: the same transplantation period as in example 1. When transplanting, a well cellar type transplanting mode is adopted, the well cellar depth is 8cm, tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves, 1 heart and 7cm stem height are transplanted to the center of the ridge body, the distance between each row of the tobacco seedlings is 1.20m, and the distance between each plant is 0.50 m.
(5) Field management: on the day of transplanting tobacco seedlings, fertilizing holes with the depth of 10cm are drilled at the positions, about 8cm away from the two sides of the tobacco plants, along the direction of ridge bodies, of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, special compound fertilizer for tobacco, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate are applied according to the fertilizing weight ratio of nitrogen application to nitrogen per mu of 6.53kg to nitrogen application to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:0.8:3, watering is carried out immediately after fertilizing, watering is carried out on each plant for 1kg, and the fertilizing holes are tightly sealed by soil after water is completely infiltrated.
(6) After the tobacco seedlings are in vigorous growth stage (47 days after transplantation) and in flat top stage (75 days after transplantation), the tobacco seedlings (n is 3) are taken at the same time as the example 1, and the dry matter accumulation amount is detected. The results are shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 flourishing age (47 days after transplantation) of tobacco plant dry matter accumulation for different cultivation methods
Figure BDA0002664381480000061
TABLE 2 tobacco plant dry matter accumulation during the plateau (75 days after transplantation) for different cultivation methods
Figure BDA0002664381480000062
As can be seen from Table 1, through statistical analysis, the dry weight of the single leaf of the medium tobacco 100 in a long-term rain-collecting planting is higher than that of the conventional cultivation method, the dry weight of the single leaf is increased by 35.3%, the stem weight of the single stem is increased by 40.0% compared with that of the conventional method, the stem weight of the single stem is increased by 31.0%, and especially the dry weight of the single leaf is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation method; the weight average of the stems, the leaves and the roots of the single plant of the Yunyan 87 which is planted in the rain collecting mode for a long time is obviously higher than that of the single plant of the Yunyan 87 cultivated in the conventional mode, and the weight average is respectively improved by 28.0 percent, 34.7 percent and 42.7 percent; this indicates that rain-harvesting planting can significantly increase dry matter accumulation in tobacco plants in the vigorous growth period.
As can be seen from table 2, through statistical analysis, the dry weights of the leaves, stems and roots of the medium tobacco 100 in the flat stage of rain-collecting planting are all higher than those of the conventional cultivation method, and are respectively increased by 15.3%, 46.6% and 10.4%, and especially, the dry weight of the stem of the single plant is significantly higher than that of the conventional cultivation method; the dry weight of the leaves, stems and roots of the Yunyan 87 in the rain-collecting planting plateau period is higher than that of the conventional cultivation, the dry weight is respectively increased by 29.2%, 32.3% and 19.5%, and particularly, the weight of the leaves and stems of the single plant is obviously higher than that of the conventional cultivation method; this indicates that rain-harvesting planting can significantly increase dry matter accumulation in flat-topped tobacco plants.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
ridging, wherein each two ridges are a unit and covered by a mulching film; a tobacco planting ditch is formed between the two ridges, and tobacco seedlings are transplanted into the tobacco planting ditch; and (3) when the tobacco seedlings enter a vigorous growing period, uncovering the film and ridging, namely ploughing the ridge soil on two sides of the tobacco plants into tobacco planting ditches.
2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the ridge width is 35-45 cm and the ridge height is 10-20 cm.
3. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the pitch of the one unit is 35-45 cm.
4. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the mulching film has a thickness of 0.006-0.01 mm and a width of 1.0-1.2 m.
5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedlings transplanted by the tobacco seedling transplanting method are 6 leaves and 1 heart, and the stem height is 6-8 cm.
6. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedling transplanting adopts a well cellar type transplanting mode, and the depth of the well cellar is 7-9 cm.
7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the row spacing for transplanting the tobacco seedlings is 1.1-1.3 m, and the plant spacing is 0.45-0.55 m.
8. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the tobacco seedlings are transplanted and then fertilized, wherein the fertilization is performed at a position 7-9 cm away from two sides of the tobacco plants along the direction of ridge bodies, and the fertilization depth is 9-11 cm.
9. The planting method of claim 8, wherein the type of the fertilizer is one or more of fermented soybean cake fertilizer, tobacco-dedicated compound fertilizer, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and diammonium phosphate.
10. The planting method of claim 8 or 9, wherein the nitrogen application amount of the fertilizer is 6-7 kg/mu, and the weight ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1: 0.6-1.0: 2.5-3.5.
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CN202010914071.8A CN111972240B (en) 2020-09-03 2020-09-03 Flue-cured tobacco ridge film furrow cultivation rainwater collection planting method
LU500677A LU500677B1 (en) 2020-09-03 2020-11-03 Rainwater-harvesting planting method of ridge film furrow planting of flue-cured tobaccos
PCT/CN2020/126021 WO2022048002A1 (en) 2020-09-03 2020-11-03 Rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting
GB2212204.8A GB2613220A (en) 2020-09-03 2020-11-03 Rain-collecting planting method for flue-cured tobacco in ridge film and furrow planting

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