CN104584725A - Rapid fertilization method for newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field - Google Patents
Rapid fertilization method for newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field Download PDFInfo
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- CN104584725A CN104584725A CN201410822996.4A CN201410822996A CN104584725A CN 104584725 A CN104584725 A CN 104584725A CN 201410822996 A CN201410822996 A CN 201410822996A CN 104584725 A CN104584725 A CN 104584725A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a rapid fertilization method for a newly-prepared yellow soil tobacco field. Through the steps of basal application and improvement of farm manure, alternate layout arrangement of wide ridges and narrow ridges, combination of the narrow ridges and the wide ridges to conduct organic fertilizer fertilization, green manure fertilization, straw mulching fertilization and the like, a technology which is low in cost and easy to control is provided, agricultural application and ripening fertilization of yellow soil are organically combined together, normal production of farmers is not affected, the farmers can learn and understand the technology easily, operation is convenient, and land utilization and maintaining are truly and organically unified. By the adoption of the method, soil ripening fertilization work can be completed in three years altogether, the production operation of tobacco growers can be conducted continuously, and certain economic incomes of the tobacco growers can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of land improvement, be specifically related to a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement yellow earth vega.
Background technology
Yellow earth is the zonal soil formed under moistening subtropical climate and bioclimatic condition, the soil texture is in the majority with loamy texture, permeability and nutrient supplying capability are all better, be applicable to plantation flue-cured tobacco, China's cigarette district yellow earth distribution area is 1,500 ten thousand hectares, mainly being distributed in the province such as Sichuan, Guizhou, is the Major Tobacco Soils type of Southern Mountain Areas of China.But its topography and geomorphology is complicated, field degree of fragmentation is large, the gradient is large, arable land comparatively disperses; rock large percentage in arable land, part Rocky Desertification Region; arable land relative distribution, the feature that contiguous plant scale is not high, become the bottleneck of restriction mountain area tobacco leaf large-scale planting and do mechanization operation in flakes.In order to adapt to the need of production of Hills modern tobacco agriculture, big machinery engineering is adopted to carry out the arrangement measures such as the reduction gradient, the scattered plot of merger, land readjustment to vega, define larger area vega in flakes, and eliminate the exposed stone of field, eliminate earth steps, build terraced fields, add effective arable area, reach the object improving vega tillage condition and agro-ecological condition.But in arrangement process, turn under having there is table soil, subsoil turns over, the vega soil formed after above-mentioned arrangement measure, is called and newly arranges vega.
New arrangement vega in time, refers generally to the vega soil that arrangement not the carrying out of latter 1 ~ 2 year is improved.New arrangement vega soil soil fertility factors is barren, the phenomenons such as existence is organic and C/N value is lower, soil lacks the available nutrients such as phosphorus potassium deficiency, soil microbial activities reduces, soil layer is thin, soil aggregate, preserve moisture and fertility and drought-resistant ability difference, new arrangement vega soil fertility and the level of the productive forces extremely low, greatly affect the Yield and qualities of tobacco.
Many cultivation steps and method is had in cured tobacco production, as Chinese patent CN200810069035.5 discloses a kind of flue-cured tobacco concave double-ridge plastic mulching cultivation technology in the time of infertility, major function for catchmenting, water conservation and solution vega seasonal drought, but existing ridger ridging can not be used, artificial ridging must be used to add tobacco grower's workload; Chinese patent CN200910102852.0 discloses the method for an one-ridge double-row flue-cured tobacco dislocation cultivation, and mainly for the raising quality of tobacco being, outstanding tobacco leaf zoning characteristic, makes full use of cigarette district land resources, and do not improve soil; Chinese patent CN101897252 B discloses reservoir area of Three Gorges purple new earth of improving the soil and thickens ageing method fast, improve mainly for purple soil, long-term cropping is conventional crop, very big difference is had with cured tobacco production, simultaneously flue-cured tobacco improvement of fostering and apply fertilizer needs to take into account quality of tobacco, vega is fostered and apply fertilizer needs excessive precipitation, excessive precipitation cause tobacco leaf remaining green when it is due to become yellow and ripe late-maturing, be difficult to baking and quality of tobacco poor, vega improvement needs to take into account improvement of soil fertility and the collaborative lifting of tobacco production and value amount especially.
Summary of the invention
Yellow earth vega Problems existing is arranged for new, the object of the present invention is to provide the Study on Fertilizing method of a set of new arrangement yellow earth vega, this method can be carried out while tobacco grower produces, do not affect tobacco grower normally to produce, within 3 years, foster and apply fertilizer, ensure that the income that tobacco grower is certain, the organic unity achieving land used He increase soil fertility.
The technical scheme of technical solution problem of the present invention is achieved in that
Design a kind of Study on Fertilizing method of new arrangement yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farmyard manure executed by base: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300 ~ 500 kg/666.7m
2, and plough under 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil with rotovator;
(2) ridging: after described farmyard manure base is executed and turned over 20 ~ 30 days, row replacement tobacco N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrients ratio is composite fertilizer amount 45 ~ 55 kg/666.7m of 8-12-25
2ridging is carried out subsequently on bar sealing fertilizer basis, change in the past tobacco grower with the tradition of 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, wide, the alternate layout of narrow ridge is set, wide ridge line space is 120 ~ 130 cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90 ~ 100cm, ridge body bottom width 50 ~ 60cm, high 25 ~ 30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging; Complete ridging after 20 ~ 30 days, cigarette transplantation of seedlings hole is offered by spacing in the rows 55 ~ 60cm in every Hang Long peak, carry out transplanting cigarette seedling simultaneously;
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck, make final soil thickness reach 20 ~ 40 cm to the soil of wide ridge furrow; While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 250 ~ 300 kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge
2enrich farmyard manure, and make it turn over to bury;
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10 ~ 15 cm at its two ends, and make narrow ridge form groove to collect rain retaining, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow is covered to the segment maize straw of 5 ~ 8cm, overlay capacity is 200 ~ 300 kg/666.7m
2, and mixedly in stalk apply 20 ~ 30kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 5 ~ 7kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 2 ~ 5kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, then spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil on improving straw mulching thing, to make segment stalk not easily be spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously;
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to when 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixedly applying 10 ~ 20 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 1 ~ 3 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 1 ~ 2 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, simultaneously on furrow green manure, cover 0.5 ~ 1 cm ranker; Repeat this step, Green manuring 2 ~ 3 batches;
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge; Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is evenly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant; Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, and originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, carries out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow successively;
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the tobacco harvesting on ridge is complete, pull out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, evenly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
Preferably, the described furrow of step (6) exchanges and plays new ridge for the center line on original ridge moves 40 ~ 50 cm to the left or to the right, plays a new ridge and is undertaken by step (2).
Preferably, described farmyard manure is made up of following steps:
(1) raw material of following weight portion is equipped with: (not with the residual body of cigarette strain) barnyard manure 300 ~ 500 parts, corn or Ipomoea batatas straw 100 ~ 200 parts, 50 ~ 100 parts, crude opium, bentonite 20 ~ 50 parts, 10 ~ 20 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100 ~ 200 parts, ammonium humate 50 ~ 100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2 ~ 0.3 part, 5 ~ 10 parts, bacterium material, borax 1 ~ 2 part, 2 ~ 3 parts, zinc sulphate and 2 ~ 3 parts, magnesium sulfate;
(2) moisture controls: add water above-mentioned raw materials mixing and stirring, and water content is adjusted to 60 ~ 70wt%, and namely sealing obtains farmyard manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, for subsequent use.
Preferably, described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P
2o
514 ~ 12 parts, CaO 25 ~ 30 parts, SiO
238 ~ 42 parts and MgO 4 ~ 6 parts.
Preferably, described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) get weathered coal raw material and adopt winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing, and the humic acid obtained after selection by winnowing is sent into next process;
(2) step (1) gained humic acid is delivered to thermal agitation reactor, adds carbonic hydroammonium and water simultaneously, the weight ratio of three is humic acid: carbonic hydroammonium: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60 ~ 80 DEG C to stir 1 hour;
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, be under the condition of 28 ~ 40 DEG C in temperature, ageing through more than 3 days obtains that water content is 25%, pH value is the ammonium humate of 8.0 ~ 11.0, and being ground to fineness is 80 ~ 120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
Preferably, the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acid content (belonging to organic one) >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt% in described weathered coal.
Preferably, described bacterium material is made up of following steps: mixed with the seedling medium of sterilizing by the biological bacteria liquid prepared, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 3,000 ten thousand strains/gram, control moisture at 45 ~ 55wt%, then to bank up fermentation 8 ~ 10 days, artificial turning every other day 1 ~ 2 time, to obtain final product.
Preferably, described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following percent by volume: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and vermiculite 15%.
Preferably, described biological bacteria is the mixed bacteria in azotobacter, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, saccharomycete, silicate bacterium.
positive beneficial effect of the present invention:
(1) the present invention for newly arrange yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing and Appropriate application provide a kind of with low cost, be easy to the technology grasped, the agricultural use of yellow earth and slaking are fostered and apply fertilizer and combines, do not affect the normal production of peasant, easily-learned easily mastered, easy to operate, the organic unity really achieving land used He increase soil fertility; The present invention altogether can complete soil-ripening for 3 years and to foster and apply fertilizer work, and the production operation of period tobacco grower can proceed, and ensure that the income that tobacco grower is certain.
(2) ammonium humate that the present invention adds in fertilizer can increase soil functional group number, improves soil chemistry activity, biologically active and improves colloid protection and complex performance, significantly promoting soil physical and chemical property.Fertilizer provides nutrition for bacterium material microorganism, and soil microbe quantity and soil base respiration comparatively contrast and improve 15 ~ 20%, has significant improved effect to the new yellow earth that arranges.For the new yellow earth vega major production areas that arranges to the characteristics of demand of trace element, supplement trace element targetedly; Meet the trace element of the multiple available state required for cigarette strain growth, the balance of cigarette strain mineral nutrition can be promoted.
(3) distance of the present invention when vega ridging between adjacent two ridges carries out the Small Distance mode staggered with Large space, namely carries out wide, narrow row and plants.The present invention is wide, narrow row plantation and traditional vega to plant smoke density consistent, but cigarette group of hill body ventilation and penetrating light is contributed to compared with the equidistant ridging adopted during traditional vega ridging, improve tobacco leaf photosynthetic effect, thus raising yield and quality, and only carry out between wide row spacing when adopting cigarette, avoid people and adopt in cigarette process the damage that tobacco plant causes.Foster and apply fertilizer in utilization, utilize in fostering and apply fertilizer, both are independent of each other.
(4) the present invention have employed a large amount of agriculture waste stalk in the feed, and provide a kind of new way for re-using stalk more, thus the present invention not only has significant economic benefit, and has significant social benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The ridging location drawing of Fig. 1 Study on Fertilizing method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
embodiment 1for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farmyard manure executed by base: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300 kg/666.7m
2, and plough under 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil with rotovator.
Described farmyard manure is made up of following steps:
be equipped with the raw material of following weight portion: the barnyard manure not with the residual body of cigarette strain 300 parts, corn or Ipomoea batatas straw 100 parts, 50 parts, crude opium, bentonite 20 parts, 10 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100 parts, ammonium humate 50 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2 part, 5 parts, bacterium material, borax 1 part, 2 parts, zinc sulphate and 2 parts, magnesium sulfate; Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P
2o
514 parts, CaO 25 parts, SiO
242 parts and MgO 4 parts; Described bacterium material is made up of following steps: mixed with the seedling medium of sterilizing by the biological bacteria liquid prepared, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 3,000 ten thousand strains/gram, control moisture at 45wt%, fermentation 8 days of then banking up, artificial turning every other day 2 times, to obtain final product; Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following percent by volume: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and vermiculite 15%.Described biological bacteria is that azotobacter, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, saccharomycete, silicate bacterium are with mixed in equal amounts; Described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) get weathered coal raw material (in described weathered coal the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acid content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt%) and adopt winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing, and the humic acid obtained after selection by winnowing is sent into next process;
(2) step (1) gained humic acid is delivered to thermal agitation reactor, adds carbonic hydroammonium and water simultaneously, the weight ratio of three is humic acid: carbonic hydroammonium: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60 ~ 80 DEG C to stir 1 hour;
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, be under the condition of 28 ~ 40 DEG C in temperature, ageing through more than 3 days obtains that water content is 25%, pH value is the ammonium humate of 8.0 ~ 11.0, and being ground to fineness is 80 ~ 120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
moisture controls: add water above-mentioned raw materials mixing and stirring, and water content is adjusted to 60wt%, and namely sealing obtains farmyard manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, for subsequent use.
(2) ridging: after described farmyard manure base is executed and turned over 20 days, row replacement tobacco N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrients ratio is that 45 kg/666.7m measure in the composite fertilizer of 8-12-25
2, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, see Fig. 1, change in the past tobacco grower with the tradition of 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arrange wide, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 130 cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90cm, ridge body bottom width 50cm, high 25cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging; Complete ridging after 20 days, cigarette transplantation of seedlings hole is offered by spacing in the rows 55cm in every Hang Long peak, carry out transplanting cigarette seedling simultaneously.
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck, make final soil thickness reach 30 cm to the soil of wide ridge furrow; While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 250 kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge
2enrich farmyard manure, and make it turn over to bury.
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10 cm at its two ends, and make narrow ridge form groove to collect rain retaining, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow is covered to the segment maize straw of 5 ~ 8cm, overlay capacity is 200 kg/666.7m
2, and mixedly in stalk apply 20 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 5 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 2 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, then spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil on improving straw mulching thing, to make segment stalk not easily be spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously.
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to when 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixedly applying 10 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 1 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 1 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, simultaneously on furrow green manure, cover 0.5 ~ 1 cm ranker; Repeat this step, Green manuring 2 batches.
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge; Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is evenly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant; Then ridging, carry out furrow exchange, the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely the center line on original ridge moves 45cm to the left or to the right and plays new ridge, play new ridge to be undertaken by step (2), in new furrow, carry out step (3), (4) and (5) successively, as shown in Figure 1.
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the tobacco harvesting on ridge is complete, pull out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, evenly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
In Three Gorge Reservoir Region in Chongqing and Wuling mountain area, according to the present embodiment Study on Fertilizing method through multiple spot repeatedly, the field trial of different microclimate conditions, the checking more than 3 years, each test area is all at 100666.7m
2above, and with traditional flue-cured tobacco cultivation pattern for contrast, mainly compare result of the test with the equidistant traditional cultivation of single file, the present invention carries out slaking farming area in Zuogong in continuous 3 years, and test region yield of tobacco reaches 174.5 kilograms/666.7m
2, 154.0 kilograms/666.7m of contrast
2add 13.3%, the output value reaches 3781 yuan/666.7m
23388 yuan that comparatively contrast add 11.6%, first-class cigarette ratio reaches 45.7%, 5.4 percentage points are added than the first-class cigarette ratio 40.3% of contrast, medium grade cigarette reaches 52.1%, add 0.6 percentage point, inferior cigarette ratio 2.2% than contrast medium grade cigarette ratio 51.5%, reduce 6 percentage points than the inferior cigarette ratio 8.2% of contrast.Improvement vega can make 0 ~ 20 cm soil organic matter increase by 0.1 ~ 0.13 percentage point, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 7 ~ 9 mg/kg, and rapid available phosphorus increases by 3 ~ 4 mg/kg.Compared with the control, every 666.7m
2net profit increases the economic benefit of about 300 yuan, and considerably improves soil fertility level, significantly increases seed output and quality and the economic well-being of workers and staff of tobacco leaf, provides basis for newly arranging the follow-up sustainable use of vega.
embodiment 2for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farmyard manure executed by base: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500 kg/666.7m
2, and plough under 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil with rotovator;
(2) ridging: after described farmyard manure base is executed and turned over 30 days, row replacement tobacco N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrients ratio is that 55 kg/666.7m measure in the composite fertilizer of 8-12-25
2, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, change in the past tobacco grower with the tradition of 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arrange wide, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 120 cm, and narrow ridge line space is 100cm, ridge body bottom width 60cm, high 30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging; Complete ridging after 30 days, cigarette transplantation of seedlings hole is offered by spacing in the rows 60cm in every Hang Long peak, carry out transplanting cigarette seedling simultaneously;
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck, make final soil thickness reach 50 cm to the soil of wide ridge furrow; While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 300 kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge
2enrich farmyard manure, and make it turn over to bury;
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 15 cm at its two ends, and make narrow ridge form groove to collect rain retaining, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow is covered to the segment maize straw of 5 ~ 8cm, overlay capacity is 300 kg/666.7m
2, and mixedly in stalk apply 30 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 7 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 5 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, then spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil on improving straw mulching thing, to make segment stalk not easily be spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously;
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to when 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixedly applying 20 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 3 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 2 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, simultaneously on furrow green manure, cover 0.5 ~ 1 cm ranker; Repeat this step, Green manuring 3 batches;
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge; Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is evenly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant; Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely the center line on original ridge moves 50cm to the left or to the right and plays new ridge, plays new ridge and is undertaken by step (2), carry out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow successively;
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the tobacco harvesting on ridge is complete, pull out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, evenly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
embodiment 3for the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, the steps include:
(1) farmyard manure executed by base: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 500 kg/666.7m
2, and plough under 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil with rotovator.
Described farmyard manure is made up of following steps:
be equipped with the raw material of following weight portion: the barnyard manure not with the residual body of cigarette strain 500 parts, corn or Ipomoea batatas straw 200 parts, 100 parts, crude opium, bentonite 50 parts, 20 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 200 parts, ammonium humate 100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.3 part, 10 parts, bacterium material, borax 2 parts, 3 parts, zinc sulphate and 3 parts, magnesium sulfate; Described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P
2o
512 parts, CaO 30 parts, SiO
238 parts and MgO 6 parts; Described bacterium material is made up of following steps: mixed with the seedling medium of sterilizing by the biological bacteria liquid prepared, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 3,000 ten thousand strains/gram, control moisture at 55wt%, fermentation 10 days of then banking up, artificial turning every other day 1 time, to obtain final product.Described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following percent by volume: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and vermiculite 15%.Described biological bacteria is that azotobacter, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, saccharomycete, silicate bacterium are with mixed in equal amounts; Described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) get weathered coal raw material (in described weathered coal the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acid content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt%) and adopt winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing, and the humic acid obtained after selection by winnowing is sent into next process;
(2) step (1) gained humic acid is delivered to thermal agitation reactor, adds carbonic hydroammonium and water simultaneously, the weight ratio of three is humic acid: carbonic hydroammonium: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60 ~ 80 DEG C to stir 1 hour;
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, be under the condition of 28 ~ 40 DEG C in temperature, ageing through more than 3 days obtains that water content is 25%, pH value is the ammonium humate of 8.0 ~ 11.0, and being ground to fineness is 80 ~ 120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
moisture controls: add water above-mentioned raw materials mixing and stirring, and water content is adjusted to 70wt%, and namely sealing obtains farmyard manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, for subsequent use.
(2) ridging: after described farmyard manure base is executed and turned over 30 days, row replacement tobacco N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrients ratio is that 55 kg/666.7m measure in the composite fertilizer of 8-12-25
2, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, change in the past tobacco grower with the tradition of 1.1 meters of equidistant ridgings, arrange wide, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 120 cm, and narrow ridge line space is 100cm, ridge body bottom width 60cm, high 30cm, laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging; Complete ridging after 30 days, cigarette transplantation of seedlings hole is offered by spacing in the rows 60cm in every Hang Long peak, carry out transplanting cigarette seedling simultaneously.
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck, make final soil thickness reach 50 cm to the soil of wide ridge furrow; While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 300 kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge
2enrich farmyard manure, and make it turn over to bury.
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 15 cm at its two ends, and make narrow ridge form groove to collect rain retaining, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow is covered to the segment maize straw of 5 ~ 8cm, overlay capacity is 300 kg/666.7m
2, and mixedly in stalk apply 30 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 7 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 5 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, then spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil on improving straw mulching thing, to make segment stalk not easily be spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously.
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to when 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixedly applying 20 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 3 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 2 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, simultaneously on furrow green manure, cover 0.5 ~ 1 cm ranker; Repeat this step, Green manuring 3 batches.
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge; Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is evenly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant; Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, namely the center line on original ridge moves 50cm to the left or to the right and plays new ridge, plays new ridge and is undertaken by step (2), carry out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow successively.
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the tobacco harvesting on ridge is complete, pull out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, evenly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.Other nursery, transplant, diseases prevention of watering, control worm and be conventional treatment.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and those skilled in the art also can make multiple change accordingly, but to be anyly equal to the present invention or similar change all should be encompassed in the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the new Study on Fertilizing method arranging yellow earth vega, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) farmyard manure executed by base: evenly spread fertilizer over the fields farmyard manure new arrangement in vega, the amount of spreading fertilizer over the fields is 300 ~ 500 kg/666.7m
2, and plough under 0 ~ 20 cm topsoil with rotovator;
(2) ridging: after described farmyard manure base is executed and turned over 20 ~ 30 days, row replacement tobacco N, P
2o
5, K
2o nutrients ratio is composite fertilizer amount 45 ~ 55 kg/666.7m of 8-12-25
2, on bar sealing fertilizer basis, carry out ridging subsequently, arrange wide, the alternate layout of narrow ridge, wide ridge line space is 120 ~ 130 cm, and narrow ridge line space is 90 ~ 100cm, ridge body bottom width 50 ~ 60cm, high 25 ~ 30cm, and laying plastic on the body of ridge, namely completes ridging; Complete ridging after 20 ~ 30 days, cigarette transplantation of seedlings hole is offered by spacing in the rows 55 ~ 60cm in every Hang Long peak, carry out transplanting cigarette seedling simultaneously;
(3) foster and apply fertilizer in wide ridge: after ridging, implements to deep-cut deeply to peck, make final soil thickness reach 20 ~ 40 cm to the soil of wide ridge furrow; While deep-cutting and deeply pecking, by 250 ~ 300 kg/666.7m in the furrow of wide ridge
2enrich farmyard manure, and make it turn over to bury;
(4) narrow ridge is fostered and apply fertilizer: for narrow ridge furrow, laterally erects the low bank of earth between fields being not less than 10 ~ 15 cm at its two ends, and make narrow ridge form groove to collect rain retaining, meanwhile, narrow ridge furrow is covered to the segment maize straw of 5 ~ 8cm, overlay capacity is 200 ~ 300 kg/666.7m
2, and mixedly in stalk apply 20 ~ 30kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 5 ~ 7kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 2 ~ 5kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, then spread fertilizer over the fields a certain amount of soil on improving straw mulching thing, to make segment stalk not easily be spread by wind, accelerate to rot simultaneously;
(5) green manure turns over and buries: remaining tobacco leaves gather after inside narrow ridge furrow interplanting green manure Smooth vetch, start to cradle up to when 30 centimetres until its plant, turn over and bury or be covered in furrow, simultaneously mixedly applying 10 ~ 20 kg/666.7m
2carbonic hydroammonium, 1 ~ 3 kg/666.7m
2superphosphate and 1 ~ 2 kg/666.7m
2calcium cyanamide, simultaneously on furrow green manure, cover 0.5 ~ 1 cm ranker; Repeat this step, Green manuring 2 ~ 3 batches;
(6) then after tobacco leaf picking, pull out tobacco rod, retain cigarette ridge; Before Second Year ridging, first the topsoil on former ridge is evenly filled out and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant; Then ridging, carries out furrow exchange, and the place on original ridge is become ditch, and originally the place of ditch becomes ridge, carries out step (3), (4) and (5) in new furrow successively;
After within (7) the 3rd years, repeating step (6), when the tobacco harvesting on ridge is complete, pull out tobacco rod, before next year plantation, evenly filled out by the topsoil on ridge and be layered in ditch, make furrow concordant, the new yellow earth vega Study on Fertilizing that arranges completes.
2. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described furrow of step (6) exchanges and plays new ridge for the center line on original ridge being moved to the left or to the right 40 ~ 50 cm, plays a new ridge and is undertaken by step (2).
3. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described farmyard manure is made up of following steps:
(1) raw material of following weight portion is equipped with: barnyard manure 300 ~ 500 parts, corn or Ipomoea batatas straw 100 ~ 200 parts, 50 ~ 100 parts, crude opium, bentonite 20 ~ 50 parts, 10 ~ 20 parts, fused calcium magnesium phosphate, rice husk biomass carbon 100 ~ 200 parts, ammonium humate 50 ~ 100 parts, broad spectrum insecticide-emamectin-benzoate 0.2 ~ 0.3 part, 5 ~ 10 parts, bacterium material, borax 1 ~ 2 part, 2 ~ 3 parts, zinc sulphate and 2 ~ 3 parts, magnesium sulfate;
(2) moisture controls: add water above-mentioned raw materials mixing and stirring, and water content is adjusted to 60 ~ 70wt%, and namely sealing obtains farmyard manure after becoming thoroughly decomposed, for subsequent use.
4. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described barnyard manure, be not with the residual body of cigarette strain.
5. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described fused calcium magnesium phosphate is made up of the raw material of following weight portion: P
2o
514 ~ 12 parts, CaO 25 ~ 30 parts, SiO
238 ~ 42 parts and MgO 4 ~ 6 parts.
6. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described ammonium humate is made up of following steps:
(1) get weathered coal raw material and adopt winnower winnowing machine selection by winnowing, and the humic acid obtained after selection by winnowing is sent into next process;
(2) step (1) gained humic acid is delivered to thermal agitation reactor, adds carbonic hydroammonium and water simultaneously, the weight ratio of three is humic acid: carbonic hydroammonium: water=1:0.8:1, keeps temperature of charge 60 ~ 80 DEG C to stir 1 hour;
(3) gained material in thermal agitation reactor is delivered to insulation aging bunker, be under the condition of 28 ~ 40 DEG C in temperature, ageing through more than 3 days obtains that water content is 25%, pH value is the ammonium humate of 8.0 ~ 11.0, and being ground to fineness is 80 ~ 120 orders, obtains ammonium humate finished product.
7. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the content of organic matter >=70wt%, humic acid content >=55wt%, calcium ions and magnesium ions content≤3wt% in described weathered coal.
8. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described bacterium material is made up of following steps: the biological bacteria liquid prepared is mixed with the seedling medium of sterilizing, make the biological bacteria in seedling medium be not less than 3,000 ten thousand strains/gram, control moisture at 45 ~ 55wt%, then to bank up fermentation 8 ~ 10 days, artificial turning every other day 1 ~ 2 time, to obtain final product.
9. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described seedling medium is made up of the raw material of following percent by volume: the peat composed of rotten mosses 75%, perlite 15% and vermiculite 15%.
10. newly arrange the Study on Fertilizing method of yellow earth vega according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described biological bacteria is the mixed bacteria of azotobacter, Streptomyces jingyangensis, cellulose-decomposing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, rhizobium, ectotrophic mycorrhiza, saccharomycete, silicate bacterium.
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