WO2021008099A1

WO2021008099A1 - Apple tree old orchard reconstruction yield increasing and quality improving method

Info

Publication number: WO2021008099A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/000147
Authority: WO
Inventors: 何永波; 李磊; 陈晓斌; 闫敏; 王海燕; 张生智; 殷辉; 朱晓萍; 李倩; 赵琪
Original assignee: 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所
Priority date: 2019-07-15
Filing date: 2020-07-07
Publication date: 2021-01-21
Also published as: CN110214567A

Abstract

An apple tree old orchard reconstruction yield increasing method based on an existing orchard, relating to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management. According to the apple tree old orchard reconstruction yield increasing method, intermediate cuttings of a half of aged trees are performed; after deep tillage, sterilizing, soil drying in the sun and fertilization treatment are performed on soil, non-toxic seedlings are planted, old tree forms are trimmed, and grafting is performed, so that the problems of high orchard reconstruction investment and long duration are solved, the occurrence of replantation diseases is eliminated by means of related measures, and the problem of sharp economic benefit decrease of orchard workers caused by orchard reconstruction is avoided.

Description

Method for improving production and quality of apple tree old orchard

This application claims the priority of a Chinese patent application filed with the Chinese Patent Office on July 15, 2019, the application number is 201910637692.3, and the invention title is "a method for improving the production and quality of apple tree orchards", the entire content of which is incorporated by reference In this application.

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management, and specifically relates to a method for improving yield and quality of apple tree old orchards.

Background technique

my country is a big consumer of apples, but most of the country’s existing mature orchards were established in the last century. So far, after decades of production, these orchards have gradually entered a period of senescence, with orchards closed, poor light, and low yields. With a series of problems such as poor quality, millions of acres of orchards across the country need to be renewed every year, and the rapid and stable completion of the transformation and renewal of these old orchards is of great significance to improving the development of my country’s fruit industry.

The existing old orchards are generally updated in the following ways:

Planing out the old orchard, planting wheat and other crops in the old orchard for 3 to 5 years, and then rebuilding the orchard on the original site. The old orchard is directly shaved and planted with new trees, which will result in no economic benefits for several years, and it is easy to directly plant small saplings Obstacles to replantation and many problems arise. Or, after the whole garden is disinfected, the garden is rebuilt on the original site. This method is expensive and not effective. It usually takes 6-8 years from construction to high yield.

However, no matter which method is adopted, there will be no economic benefits in the renewal process for several years, and certain investment capabilities are required, which affects the enthusiasm of fruit farmers to renew the old orchard and affects the development of the planting industry.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving production and quality of apple tree old orchards, which can adapt to local conditions, gradually promote the transformation of old orchards, and better adapt to the psychological and economic bearing capacity of fruit farmers.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for improving yield and quality of apple tree old orchards, which includes the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interlacing half of the old trees;

2) Soil treatment:

Deep turn, the land where old trees will be cut down, deep turn 60-100cm, thoroughly remove old tree roots, fallen leaves and weeds;

Sterilize, excavate the soil in the planting ditch after cutting old trees, and spray 180-250 times of 21% peracetic acid aqueous solution while filling the soil. The amount of the liquid is subject to the spraying of the root soil. After spraying Cover the soil with plastic film;

Sun-dried soil, sunny weather in summer, use plastic film to cover the soil, and exposure to the sun makes the soil temperature rise above 50℃;

Fertilize, dig a planting pit of 60×60cm, use 2800-3200kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 250-300kg of chernozem, 150-250kg of plant ash per 667m ² and apply it at a depth of 40- 50cm, spray bacteria fertilizer in addition, and then apply 40-60kg NPK compound fertilizer at a depth of 20-30cm;

3) Planting: Choose non-toxic seedlings with intact roots and plant them in the treated soil in autumn to ensure that the distance between seedlings is 5-6m;

4) Tree shape trimming: The remaining old trees after thinning are trimmed and trimmed, the stems are dropped, the hierarchical construction, and too many large branches are removed, so that the number of main branches is controlled to 3-6, and the length is controlled to 2-3m. The dead branches, diseased and insect branches, long branches, and overlapping branches on the obliquely grown branches. The resultant branch group is cultivated and pruned according to the overall situation of the tree. The main branch is divided into 1-2 layers, spirally layered, and lateral branches of each tree. Keep 40-50, the length is controlled at 80-100cm, one small side branch 20-30cm, one large side branch 40-50cm, and 3-6 large auxiliary branches and 40-50 fruiting branches at the same time;

The light transmittance of the canopy can reach more than 25% by leaving branches, and the amount of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000 by pruning, and then according to the principle of leaving one flower every 15-25cm distance, the flowers are thinned, and the flower dew is red. When the flower is thinning, the center flower will be left; after 2.5-3.5 weeks after the flower, the fruit will be thinned and the fruit will be fixed. The thinning of the fruit and the fruit is also the center of the fruit. The thinning of buds, flowers and fruits are all through thinning 3-4 times, to achieve a reasonable tree load, and maintain 500-550 fruits in a tree;

5) Grafting: For old trees with poor quality, high grafting and head replacement are adopted. After thinning and shaping, suitable main branches and side branches are selected to retract to form a good skeleton for head replacement. The extended heads of the main branches and side branches are grafted with strong buds. Expand the canopy, and the number of heads depends on the size of the fruit tree. The big tree has 25-30 heads.

Preferably, the orchard that still has a closed canopy 5 years after thinning is performed a second thinning to prevent the orchard from being closed.

Preferably, the plant spacing of the orchard after thinning and replanting is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m.

Preferably, the bacterial fertilizer in the step 2) is Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, and the application rate is 400-600ml/mu.

Preferably, the 180-250 times solution of the 21% peroxyacetic acid aqueous solution can also be replaced by the following solution: 130-170 times solution of the 20% copper complex ammonia solution, or 400-600 times solution of the 96% potassium permanganate solution , Or 700-900 times liquid of 30% hymexazol solution.

Preferably, the old tree refers to an apple tree that is more than 20 years old.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The present invention adopts thinning of rows to reduce the density of old orchards, and the tree shape and structure improvement technology can effectively increase the yield and commercial value of apples, and has little effect on the yield per unit area. However, due to the increase in the yield of excellent fruit, per unit area Income can be significantly increased. The transformation of low-efficiency apple orchards is conducive to extending the economic life of the orchard. Traditional orchards can effectively increase to 40-60 years from 20-30 years.

(2) Plant the non-toxic seedlings directly between the rows of the old orchard until the newly planted fruit trees enter the high-yielding period. During this process, special management is carried out on the old trees, and the old trees are retracted year by year until the new trees are harvested. , Complete the old orchard renewal and soil disinfection treatment, which can effectively overcome the replanting obstacles. Not only the seedlings grow well, but the most important advantage is that the new trees are grown between the rows, and the old trees continue to bear fruit, which has the least impact on the benefits of the orchard. The process has great application prospects.

(3) Fruit tree replanting disease refers to the phenomenon of low survival rate, low growth, low yield, and poor quality when replanting the same fruit trees on the old orchard site. The reasons are: First, the suppression of the fruit tree exudates from the previous crop to the successive fruit trees; the second is the soil microbial damage; the third is the imbalance of the soil nutrient element ratio. In the method, the thinned soil is thoroughly plowed, disinfected, sun-dried, and fertilized in sufficient quantities, and then non-toxic seedlings are planted, which can completely eliminate the occurrence of replanting diseases.

(4) Low-efficiency apple orchard has irregular tree shape, generally an irregular base three main branches scattered and layered, and there are complex problems such as irregular main branch growth and unclear levels. The method of the present invention transforms the free-spindle tree shape into a happy shape through the technology of raising and dropping heads and hierarchical construction, and solves the problems of insufficient light in the orchard, breeding of diseases and insect pests, inconvenient management and rising production costs.

(5) Compared with unmodified apple orchards, the number of spraying pesticides in low-efficiency apple orchards has been significantly reduced within a year, and the incidence of rot diseases has been significantly reduced.

Detailed ways

[Corrected according to Rule 26 11.08.2020]
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments.

The invention provides a method for improving yield and quality of apple tree old orchards, which includes the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interlacing half of the old trees;

2) Soil treatment:

In the invention, when the apple tree old orchard is modified to increase production and quality, first thinning: interlacing half of the old trees. The thinning of the present invention can preferably be thinned according to the ground, and thinned according to production needs, with strong mobility, and the basic principle of maximizing fruit tree production economy. According to the present invention, if there is still canopy closure 5 years after the thinning, it is preferable to perform the second thinning to prevent canopy closure of the orchard. The aging tree of the present invention is preferably an apple tree over 20 years old. In the present invention, thinning of rows can reduce the density of old orchards.

In the present invention, soil treatment is performed after the thinning:

Fertilize, dig a planting pit of 60×60cm, use 2800-3200kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 250-300kg of chernozem, 150-250kg of plant ash per 667m ² and apply it at a depth of 40- 50cm, spray bacterial fertilizer, and then apply 40-60kg NPK compound fertilizer, and apply the depth of 20-30cm.

In the sterilization process of the present invention, the 180-250 times liquid of the 21% peroxyacetic acid water agent can preferably be replaced by the following solution: 20% copper complex ammonia water agent 130-170 times liquid, or 96% high manganese 400-600 times solution of potassium acid, or 700-900 times solution of 30% hymexazol solution. In the fertilization process of the present invention, the bacteria in the bacterial fertilizer is preferably Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, and the application rate is 400-600ml/mu.

In the present invention, planting after the soil treatment: selecting non-toxic seedlings with intact roots, planting them in the treated soil in autumn, ensuring that the seedling plant spacing is 5-6m. In the present invention, the non-toxic seedlings are directly planted between the rows of the old orchard until the newly planted fruit trees enter the high-yield period. During this process, the old trees are specially managed, and the old trees are retracted year by year until the old trees are shaved off after the new trees are harvested. Completing the renewal of the old orchard and the soil disinfection treatment can effectively overcome the obstacles to replanting. Not only does the seedling grow well, the most important advantage is that the new trees grow between the rows, and the old trees continue to bear fruit, which has the least impact on the benefits of the orchard. In the process of renewal and transformation of the old orchard It has great application prospects. In the present invention, non-toxic seedlings are planted on the soil after the soil treatment, which can completely eliminate the occurrence of replanting diseases. The plant spacing of the orchard after thinning and replanting of the present invention is preferably controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is preferably controlled at 5.5-6m.

After the thinning, the present invention trims the remaining old trees: trimming and pruning the remaining old trees after thinning, raising the stems and dropping the heads, building hierarchically, and removing too many large branches, so that the number of main branches is controlled at 3 -6, the length is controlled to 2-3m, cut off the dead branches, diseased branches, elongated branches, and overlapping branches on the oblique large branches, cultivate the resultant branch group, combine the overall situation of the tree to prune, and achieve the main branch 1- 2 layers, spiral layering, each tree has 40-50 side branches, the length is controlled at 80-100cm, small side branches 20-30cm, one large side branch 40-50cm, and 3-6 large auxiliary branches Raising branches, 40-50 fruiting branches;

The light transmittance of the canopy can reach more than 25% by leaving branches, and the amount of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000 by pruning, and then according to the principle of leaving one flower every 15-25cm distance, the flowers are thinned, and the flower dew is red. When the flower is thinning, the center flower will be left; after 2.5-3.5 weeks after the flower, the fruit will be thinned and the fruit will be fixed. The thinning of the fruit and the fruit is also the center of the fruit. The thinning of buds, flowers and fruits are all through thinning 3-4 times to achieve a reasonable tree body load and maintain 500-550 fruits in a tree. The method of the present invention transforms the free spindle-shaped tree shape into a happy shape through the technology of lifting and dropping heads and hierarchical construction, and solves the problems of insufficient light in the orchard, breeding of diseases and insect pests, inconvenient management and rising production costs. By improving the tree shape and structure, the present invention can effectively increase the excellent fruit rate and commercial value of apples, and has little effect on the yield per unit area. However, due to the increase in the excellent fruit rate, the income per unit area can be significantly increased, while also It can extend the economic life of the orchard from 20-30 years to 40-60 years.

The present invention grafts the old trees after thinning: the old trees with poor quality are treated with high grafting and head replacement, after thinning and shaping, suitable main branches and side branches are selected to retract to form a good skeleton for head replacement. The extended head is grafted with strong buds to expand the crown, and the number of heads depends on the size of the fruit tree. The large tree has 25-30 heads.

In the following, the methods for improving the production and quality of the old orchard of apple trees provided by the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Choose the apple orchard in Beixu Village, Yicheng County, Linfen, Shanxi. The orchard is a 25-year-old orchard with a tree row spacing of 3*4m. The method of reforming the old orchard of apple trees to increase production and quality includes the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interlacing half of the old trees.

2) Soil treatment:

Fertilize, dig a planting pit of 60×60cm, use 3000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 300kg of chernozem, and 200kg of plant ash per 667m ² , mix well and apply in sufficient amount, apply at a depth of 50cm, and spray bacterial fertilizer. The bacterial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, the spraying amount is 500ml/mu, and then 50kg NPK compound fertilizer is applied to the depth of 30cm;

3) Planting: When transplanting, choose non-toxic seedlings with thick trunks, well-developed roots, and no pests and diseases, and plant them in the treated soil after the fruit is harvested in autumn, and ensure that the distance between seedlings is 5m;

By leaving branches, the inside of the tree is ventilated and light, the branches are distributed evenly, and the structure is compact, so that the light transmittance of the crown can reach more than 28%. Through pruning, the number of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000, and then leave one for every 20cm distance. The principle of flower thinning is to thin the buds when the flower dew is red, and leave the center flower when the flower is red. When the flower is thinned, the fruit is thinned and the fruit is fixed. The thinning and fixed fruit is also the central fruit. Specifically, Regardless of the bud thinning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, it is not a one-time thinning. All of them are thinned 3-4 times to achieve a reasonable tree body load and maintain 500-550 fruits in a tree.

There are still closed orchards 5 years after thinning, and the second thinning is carried out to prevent the orchards from being closed.

After thinning and replanting, the plant spacing of the orchard is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m.

In the first year after thinning, the yield per mu reached 3150 kg, in the second year it reached 3670 kg, in the third year it reached 3,920 kg, and in the fourth year it reached 4,020 kg. In the fifth year, the small trees had yielded, and the yield per mu It reached 4,300 kilograms, and the output in the sixth year was basically stable and reached 4,510 kilograms. 4560 kg in the seventh year.

The 21% peroxyacetic acid water agent 180-250 times liquid can also be replaced by the following solutions: 20% copper complex ammonia water agent 130-170 times liquid, or 96% potassium permanganate 400-600 times liquid, or 30 % Oxymethalin water solution 700-900 times.

Example 2

Choose the apple orchard in Sheti Village, Linfenji County, Shanxi. The orchard is a 23-year-old orchard with a spacing of 3*4m. The method of reforming the old orchard of apple trees to increase production and quality includes the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interlacing half of the old trees.

2) Soil treatment:

Sterilize, excavate the soil in the planting ditch after cutting the old trees, and then fill the soil while spraying 200 times the 21% peroxyacetic acid water solution and the 20% copper ammonia water solution 150 times. Spray the root soil wet as the standard, and cover the soil with mulching film after spraying;

Sun exposure, sunny weather in summer, use plastic film to cover the soil, and exposure to the sun makes the soil temperature rise above 50℃;

Fertilize, dig a 60×60cm planting pit, use 2800kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 250kg of chernozem, and 250kg of plant ash per 667m ² , mix well and apply in sufficient amount, apply a depth of 40cm, and spray bacterial fertilizer. The bacterial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, and the application rate is 400ml/mu; then 40kg NPK compound fertilizer is applied, and the application depth is 20cm;

3) Planting: Choose non-toxic seedlings with intact roots and plant them in the treated soil in autumn to ensure that the distance between seedlings is 5m;

By leaving branches, the inside of the tree is ventilated and light, the branches are distributed evenly, and the structure is compact, so that the light transmittance of the crown can reach more than 30%. Through pruning, the number of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000, and then leave one for every 15cm distance. The principle of flower thinning is to thin the buds when the flower dew is red, and leave the center flower when the flower is red; wait for 2.5 weeks after the flower to thin the fruit and determine the fruit. The thinning and determining fruit is also the center fruit. Specifically, Regardless of the bud thinning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, it is not a one-time thinning. All of them are thinned 3-4 times to achieve a reasonable tree body load and maintain 500-550 fruits per tree; After planting, the orchard plant spacing is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m. There are still closed orchards 5 years after thinning, and the second thinning is carried out to prevent the orchards from being closed.

In the first year after thinning, the yield per mu reached 3,060 kg, the second year reached 3570 kg, the third year reached 3860 kg, and the fourth year reached 3,920 kg. In the fifth year, the yield of small trees per mu was reached. It reached 4,020 kilograms, and the output in the sixth year was basically stable and reached 4110 kilograms. 4230 kg in the seventh year.

Example 3

Choose the apple orchard in Beili Village, Linyi, Shanxi. The orchard is a 27-year-old orchard with a row spacing of 3*4m. The method of reforming the old orchard of apple trees to increase production and quality includes the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interleaved thinning of half of the old trees; thinning according to the ground can also be used, thinning according to production needs, strong mobility, and the principle of grasping the principle to maximize the economy of fruit tree production.

2) Soil treatment:

Sterilize, excavate the soil in the planting ditch after cutting down the old trees, and spray 800 times 30% hymexazol solution while filling the soil. The amount of the solution is based on spraying the root soil. After spraying, use mulch Cover soil

Fertilize, dig a 60×60cm planting pit, use 3200kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 280kg of chernozem, and 150kg of plant ash per 667m ² , mix well and apply in sufficient amount, apply at a depth of 45cm, and spray bacterial fertilizer. Then apply 40-60kg NPK compound fertilizer to a depth of 25cm;

3) Planting: When transplanting, choose non-toxic seedlings with thick trunks, developed root systems, and no pests and diseases, and plant them in the treated soil to ensure that the distance between seedlings is 5-6m;

By leaving branches, the inside of the tree is ventilated and light, the branches are evenly distributed, and the structure is compact, so that the canopy light transmittance can reach more than 25%. Through pruning, the number of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000, and then according to the distance of every 15-25cm The principle of keeping one flower is to thin the flower, when the flower is red, the bud will be thinned, and the center flower will be left when the flower is thinned; after 2.5-3.5 weeks after the flower, the fruit will be thinned and the fruit will be thinned and the fruit will also be the center fruit. Specifically, regardless of the bud thinning, flower thinning and fruit thinning, it is not a one-time thinning. All of them are thinned 3-4 times to achieve a reasonable tree body load and maintain 500-550 fruits for a tree. ；

There are still closed orchards 5 years after thinning, and the second thinning is carried out to prevent the orchards from being closed. After thinning and replanting, the plant spacing of the orchard is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m.

In the first year after thinning, the yield per mu reached 3180 kg, in the second year it reached 3720 kg, in the third year it reached 3,920 kg, in the fourth year it reached 4300 kg, and in the fifth year, small trees had yielded and the yield per mu reached In the sixth year, the output was basically stable and reached 4,610 kg. 4690 kg in the seventh year.

The bacterial fertilizer is Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, and the application rate is 500ml/mu.

Low-efficiency apple orchards have irregular tree shapes, generally the three main branches of the base are irregular, and the three main branches are scattered and layered. There are complex problems such as irregular main branches and unclear levels. The method of the present invention transforms the free spindle-shaped tree shape into a happy shape through the technology of lifting and dropping heads and hierarchical construction, and solves the problems of insufficient light in the orchard, breeding of diseases and insect pests, inconvenient management and rising production costs.

Compared with the unmodified apple orchard, the number of pesticide spraying in the inefficient orchard that has been modified has been significantly reduced within a year, and the incidence of rot diseases has been significantly reduced.

For orchards that are still closed 5 years after thinning, a second thinning is carried out to prevent the orchards from canopy closure. After thinning and replanting, the plant spacing of the orchard is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m. The invention adopts thinning of rows to reduce the density of the old orchard, and the tree shape and structure improvement technology can effectively increase the excellent fruit rate and commercial value of apples, and has little effect on the yield per unit area. However, due to the increase in the excellent fruit rate, the income per unit area can be Significantly improved. The transformation of low-efficiency apple orchards is conducive to extending the economic life of the orchard. Traditional orchards can effectively increase to 40-60 years from 20-30 years.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made, and these improvements and modifications are also It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A method for improving yield and quality of apple tree old orchards, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

1) Thinning: Interlacing half of the old trees;

2) Soil treatment:

Deep turn, the land where old trees will be cut down, deep turn 60-100cm, thoroughly remove old tree roots, fallen leaves and weeds;

Sterilize, excavate the soil in the planting ditch after cutting old trees, and spray 180-250 times of 21% peracetic acid aqueous solution while filling the soil. The amount of the liquid is subject to the spraying of the root soil. After spraying Cover the soil with plastic film;

Sun-dried soil, sunny weather in summer, use plastic film to cover the soil, and exposure to the sun makes the soil temperature rise above 50℃;

Fertilize, dig a planting pit of 60×60cm, use 2800-3200kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer, 250-300kg of chernozem, 150-250kg of plant ash per 667m 2 and apply it at a depth of 40- 50cm, spray bacteria fertilizer in addition, and then apply 40-60kg NPK compound fertilizer at a depth of 20-30cm;

3) Planting: Choose non-toxic seedlings with intact roots and plant them in the treated soil in autumn to ensure that the distance between seedlings is 5-6m;

4) Tree shape trimming: The remaining old trees after thinning are trimmed and trimmed, the stems are dropped, the hierarchical construction, and too many large branches are removed, so that the number of main branches is controlled to 3-6, and the length is controlled to 2-3m. The dead branches, diseased and insect branches, long branches, and overlapping branches on the obliquely grown branches. The resultant branch group is cultivated and pruned according to the overall situation of the tree. The main branch is divided into 1-2 layers, spirally layered, and lateral branches of each tree. Keep 40-50, the length is controlled at 80-100cm, one small side branch 20-30cm, one large side branch 40-50cm, and 3-6 large auxiliary branches and 40-50 fruiting branches at the same time;

The light transmittance of the canopy can reach more than 25% by leaving branches, and the amount of flowers per tree can reach 9000 to 15000 by pruning, and then according to the principle of leaving one flower every 15-25cm distance, the flowers are thinned, and the flower dew is red. When the flower is thinning, the center flower will be left; after 2.5-3.5 weeks after the flower, the fruit will be thinned and the fruit will be fixed. The thinning of the fruit and the fruit is also the center of the fruit. The thinning of buds, flowers and fruits are all through thinning 3-4 times, to achieve a reasonable tree load, and maintain 500-550 fruits in a tree;

5) Grafting: For old trees with poor quality, high grafting and head replacement are adopted. After thinning and shaping, suitable main branches and side branches are selected to retract to form a good skeleton for head replacement. The extended heads of the main branches and side branches are grafted with strong buds. Expand the canopy, and the number of heads depends on the size of the fruit tree. The big tree has 25-30 heads.
The method for improving the yield and quality of the old apple tree orchard according to claim 1, characterized in that there is still a closed orchard 5 years after thinning, and a second thinning is performed to prevent the orchard from being closed.
The method for improving the yield and quality of the old apple tree orchard according to claim 1, wherein the orchard spacing after thinning and replanting is controlled at 5-6m, and the row spacing is controlled at 5.5-6m.
The method for improving the yield and quality of the old apple tree orchard according to claim 1, wherein the bacterial fertilizer in step 2) is Bacillus subtilis, the concentration is 1 billion spores/ml, and the application amount is 400-600ml /mu.
The method for improving the production and quality of the old orchard of apple trees according to claim 1, wherein the 180-250 times solution of the 21% peroxyacetic acid water agent can also be replaced by the following solution: 20% copper ammonia water 130-170 times liquid, or 96% potassium permanganate 400-600 times liquid, or 30% hymexazol liquid 700-900 times liquid.
The method for improving yield and quality of old apple tree orchards according to claim 1, wherein said old trees refer to apple trees more than 20 years old.
The application of the method for improving yield and quality of apple tree old orchard according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in extending the economic life of old orchard.