CN105557256A - High-yield promotion method for apples in high-density continuous-cropping aged orchard - Google Patents
High-yield promotion method for apples in high-density continuous-cropping aged orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN105557256A CN105557256A CN201510936387.6A CN201510936387A CN105557256A CN 105557256 A CN105557256 A CN 105557256A CN 201510936387 A CN201510936387 A CN 201510936387A CN 105557256 A CN105557256 A CN 105557256A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield promotion method for apples in a high-density continuous-cropping aged orchard. The method comprises the following steps: (1) crown-shrinking and reshaping: a step of reshaping an apple tree according to apple-tree planting density of the orchard, wherein a small-crown open-center tree shape is adopted; (2) fertilization management; (3) apple-tree pollination: a step of continuously spraying pollens with a backpack sprayer for 2 to 3 times by adopting an artificial pollination manner when more than 80% of central flowers bloom and more than 50% of flowers in the whole orchard bloom; (4) apple-fruit bagging; and (5) fertilizer topdressing: a step of starting increasing foliage fertilization by twice to three times in 3 to 5 days after apple-fruit bagging. The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method fully respects and utilizes habits and characteristics of growth and fruiting of the apple tree, so photosynthetic efficiency and nutritive accumulation level are greatly improved; meanwhile, the method is favorable for field operation, opens light paths of the orchard, increases light receiving area of an orchard inside cavity, promotes nutrient accumulation, solves the problem of canopy density of a conventional high-density continuous cropping aged orchard, and improves yield and quality of an apple orchard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
The direction of current Apple development has been transitioned into mass type by scalar type.Increasingly mature and perfect along with fruit market, the contradiction of the market demand and fruit quality competition is given prominence to, gradually from market angle, high quality apple is in great demand and price is high, and valency is not sold in apple dull sale inferior, therefore, the quality epoch arrive, and improve Apples quality and seem very important.The not good main manifestations of fruit quality is that fruit is little, fruit shape not just, low, the fruit face of fruit shape index is not bright and clean spot, rust staining, painted bad, color and luster is not gorgeous; Flesh firmness is little, sugar content is not enough, not storage tolerance, seriously polluted.Compared to high-quality fruit, county's fruit quality is not high is mainly manifested in these aspects: one is that some orchard workers pluck Chinese olive in advance, and now fruit maturity is inadequate, and surface colour is irregular or gloss is bad, and fruit mouthfeel is bad, weak flavor.Two is that fruit shape is not rectified, and the fruit of same kind fruit shape difference is large, not of uniform sizely causes, and shade deviation is larger; Three is that part orchard worker uses agricultural chemicals lack of standardization, causes Pesticide Residues in Fruit to exceed standard.
But the apple cultivation garden majority of China belongs to Vigorating compact planting orchard, planting density, all between every mu of 55 ~ 110 strains, belongs to the aged garden of high density continuous cropping.Closing problem is particularly serious, and most orchard worker thinks that tree changes shape, but does not know how to go to change.What have dare not draw upright bough, because end of the branch handing-over after drawing branch, people enters not go, and orchard can not operation; Also have because do not have space excessively to bounce back to bough, make the anterior prosperous length of branch, rear portion result quantities is few and unstable; Also have by Qiaoization tree bough draw sagging, reach 110 ~ 120 degree, result back emits bar, and Coercion will never result in convincing people, pruning recruitment excessive; The bough also had dare not be had an operation, and see that sprig is just short and cut, result changes bar with bar, has no result every year.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, can the deficiencies in the prior art be overcome, the closing problem in the aged garden of existing high density continuous cropping can be solved, improve the seed output and quality in apple orchard.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: the apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 2.5 ~ 3.5 meters, trunk retains 3 ~ 4 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 50 ~ 60cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 3.5 ~ 5 meters, trunk retains 4 ~ 6 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 20 ~ 30 parts, rice bran, 15 ~ 20 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 ~ 15 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 10 ~ 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 50 ~ 80 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 2 ~ 3 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 60 ~ 90 days every standards setting 40 ~ 60 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, add that weight portion is 3 ~ 5 parts of boron fertilizers, 12 ~ 15 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 5 ~ 10 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: the mode adopting artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, dust with backpack sprayer when full garden opening more than 50% and connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 100 ~ 150 grams, 2 ~ 3 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 5 ~ 10 grams, pollen 10 ~ 20 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 25 ~ 40 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
Described pollen liquid has sprayed in 2 hours upon configuration.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: respect fully and make use of Apple Growth fruit bearing habit, substantially increase photosynthetic efficiency and nutrient accumulation level, be beneficial to farm work simultaneously, open the light path of garden, add thorax light-receiving area in garden, promote nutrient accumulation, make that apple is crisp, sweet, washiness, glossiness are good, solve the closing problem in the aged garden of existing high density continuous cropping, improve the seed output and quality in apple orchard.
Embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but described in claimed scope is not limited to.
embodiment 1
The apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 2.5 meters, trunk retains 3 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 50cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 4 meters, trunk retains 5 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 25 parts, rice bran, 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 50 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 2 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 60 days every trees standard of 40 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, adds that weight portion is 3 parts of boron fertilizers, 15 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 8 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: adopt the mode of artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, full garden open more than 50% time to dust with backpack sprayer and connect spray 2 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 100 grams, 2 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 5 grams, pollen 10 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 25 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
embodiment 2
The apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 3.5 meters, trunk retains 4 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 60cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 5 meters, trunk retains 6 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 20 parts, rice bran, 20 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 15 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 10 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 80 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 3 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 90 days every trees standard of 60 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, adds that weight portion is 5 parts of boron fertilizers, 12 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 10 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: adopt the mode of artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, full garden open more than 50% time to dust with backpack sprayer and connect spray 3 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 150 grams, 3 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 8 grams, pollen 15 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 30 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
embodiment 3
The apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 2.5 meters, trunk retains 4 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 55cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 3.5 meters, trunk retains 4 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 30 parts, rice bran, 18 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 15 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 60 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 2.5 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 70 days every trees standard of 45 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, adds that weight portion is 4 parts of boron fertilizers, 14 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 5 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: adopt the mode of artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, full garden open more than 50% time to dust with backpack sprayer and connect spray 3 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 120 grams, 2 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 6 grams, pollen 20 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 40 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
embodiment 4
The apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 3 meters, trunk retains 4 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 50cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 4 meters, trunk retains 5 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 25 parts, rice bran, 15 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 12 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 65 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 2 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 80 days every trees standard of 50 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, adds that weight portion is 5 parts of boron fertilizers, 12 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 10 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: adopt the mode of artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, full garden open more than 50% time to dust with backpack sprayer and connect spray 2 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 140 grams, 3 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 10 grams, pollen 18 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 35 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
embodiment 5
The apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, it comprises following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 3 meters, trunk retains 3 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 60cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 3.5 meters, trunk retains 4 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 20 parts, rice bran, 16 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 70 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 3 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 90 days every trees standard of 50 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, adds that weight portion is 3 parts of boron fertilizers, 14 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 8 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: adopt the mode of artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, full garden open more than 50% time to dust with backpack sprayer and connect spray 2 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 110 grams, 2 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 6 grams, pollen 14 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 30 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
Claims (2)
1. the apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping, is characterized in that: comprise following steps:
(1), contracting hat changes shape: the planting density according to the apple tree in garden changes shape to fruit tree, adopt the tree-like of the happy shape of coronule, and meet the following conditions: garden spacing in the rows or line-spacing being less than to 4 meters, every strain intermediate cutting, retain trunk total height 2.5 ~ 3.5 meters, trunk retains 3 ~ 4 nonoverlapping major branches, retain the branches and tendrils of major branch, branches and tendrils only stay 1 strong sprout, all the other all cut off, pinching when strong sprout is extended down to 50 ~ 60cm; Spacing in the rows or line-spacing are less than to the garden of 4 meters, retain trunk total height 3.5 ~ 5 meters, trunk retains 4 ~ 6 nonoverlapping major branches;
(2), fertilizing management: the raw material by following weight portion: 20 ~ 30 parts, rice bran, 15 ~ 20 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer, 10 ~ 15 parts, phosphate fertilizer, 10 ~ 15 parts, potash fertilizer is smashed and is mixed formation base manure with the table soil of 50 ~ 80 parts, the annular fertilizer ditch of wide 30cm, dark 30cm is opened at tree 2 ~ 3 meters of, base manure is applied fertilizer according to every 60 ~ 90 days every standards setting 40 ~ 60 jin, in flowering stage, in base manure, add that weight portion is 3 ~ 5 parts of boron fertilizers, 12 ~ 15 parts of amino acid fertilizers and 5 ~ 10 parts of glutamic acid fertilizer carry out adding fertilizer;
(3), Fruit Tree Pollination: the mode adopting artificial pollination, at center, the flowers are in blossom puts more than 80%, dust with backpack sprayer when full garden opening more than 50% and connect spray 2 ~ 3 times, pollen liquid adopts the raw material Homogeneous phase mixing of following weight portion to form, white sugar 100 ~ 150 grams, 2 ~ 3 kilograms, water, boron fertilizer 5 ~ 10 grams, pollen 10 ~ 20 grams;
(4), fruit bagging: bagged stage, from 25 ~ 40 after fallen flowers day, completed in 10 days;
(5), topdress: after fruit bagging after 3 ~ 5 days, start to increase foliar application 2 times ~ 3 times, last spray leaf fertilizer carried out before fruit harvesting phase 20d.
2. the apple high yield method in the aged garden of high density continuous cropping according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described pollen liquid has sprayed in 2 hours upon configuration.
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CN106856919A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of low yield fruit tree press dry quick rejuvenation method for increasing |
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CN110214567A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of apple tree old orchard transformation increasing of quality and production method |
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Cited By (6)
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CN106856919A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-06-20 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of low yield fruit tree press dry quick rejuvenation method for increasing |
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CN110214567A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-10 | 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of apple tree old orchard transformation increasing of quality and production method |
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CN111527973A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-14 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for improving closed garden of vigorous apples |
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